Rare Brain-Eating Amoeba Infection Claims a Life in Kerala’s Alappuzha District
Introduction:
A person in Kerala’s Alappuzha district has tragically died due to a rare infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as the “brain-eating amoeba.” This microscopic organism, found in warm freshwater environments, can enter the body through the nose and cause a severe brain infection known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). While infections are extremely rare, they can have a devastating impact on individuals.
About Naegleria fowleri:
Naegleria fowleri is a single-celled organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. It is found in warm freshwater environments, such as lakes, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools. The amoeba can enter the body through the nose, travel to the brain, and cause a deadly infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). PAM is very rare, but it is almost always fatal. There is no cure for PAM, and treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and supporting the body’s immune system.
To prevent infection with Naegleria fowleri, it is important to avoid swimming in warm freshwater environments that may be contaminated with the amoeba. You should also avoid putting your head underwater in these environments. If you must swim in a warm freshwater environment, it is important to use a nose clip to keep water out of your nose.
If you think you may have been exposed to Naegleria fowleri, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve your chances of survival.
Spread in the Human Body:
The primary route of acquiring Naegleria fowleri is through the nasal passage and mouth while engaging in activities such as swimming, diving, or using contaminated water for religious rituals. Once inside the body, the amoeba migrates through the olfactory nerve to the brain, resulting in severe inflammation and destruction of brain tissue. It is important to note that Naegleria fowleri infection does not spread from person to person.
At-Risk Individuals:
While the human body is generally vulnerable to Naegleria fowleri, infections remain extremely rare. Certain factors, such as a weakened immune system, a history of nasal or sinus issues, or activities involving exposure to warm freshwater, can increase an individual’s susceptibility to infection.
Symptoms and Prognosis:
Symptoms of Naegleria fowleri infection typically manifest within a week of exposure and may include severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, and hallucinations. Unfortunately, the infection progresses rapidly and can lead to coma and death. The chances of survival are significantly low.
The recent case in Kerala’s Alappuzha district is a tragic reminder of the potential risks associated with Naegleria fowleri infection. This infection is caused by a brain-eating amoeba that can be found in warm freshwater environments. It can enter the body through the nose when people swim or wade in contaminated water. Once inside the nose, the amoeba travels to the brain and can cause a severe and often fatal infection. There is no known cure for Naegleria fowleri infection, so prevention is key. People can reduce their risk of infection by avoiding warm freshwater environments with a history of contamination, using nose plugs during water-related activities, and showering after swimming in any freshwater.
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