Madras High Court
A. Ramakrishnan vs The Commissioner, on 17 April, 2026
WP No. 32122 of 2015
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
Reserved on Pronounced on
16.03.2026 17.04.2026
CORAM
THE HON'BLE MR.JUSTICE N.SENTHILKUMAR
WP.No.32122 of 2015
A. Ramakrishnan
S/o. Alwar Iyengar,
No.84, Selvam Street,
Nanguneri, Tirunelveli District
..Petitioner(s)
Vs
1. The Commissioner,
Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments
Administration Department,
Chennai - 600 034
2. The Joint Commissioner,
Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Dept.,
Tirunelveli
3. The Executive Officer,
A/M. Nainar Kulasekara Vinayagar Temple,
Aralvaimozhi, Kanyakumari District
..Respondent(s)
Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India for
issuance of Writ of Certiorari to call for the records in R.P.No.128/2014 D2
dated 31.07.2015 on the file of the first Respondent viz, Commissioner, Hindu
Religious and Charitable Endowments Dept., Chennai-34 and quash the same.
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For Petitioner(s): Mr.P.Gopalan
For Respondent(s): Mr.S.Ravichandran (For R1 And R2)
Additional Government Pleader
ORDER
The Writ Petition has been filed to call for the records in
R.P.No.128/2014 D2 dated 31.07.2015 on the file of the first Respondent viz,
Commissioner, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Dept., Chennai-34
and to quash the same.
2.1.The case of the petitioner is that he was appointed as Junior Assistant
in 1978 and served as Accountant in Arulmighu Nainar Kulasekara Vinayagar
Thirukoil, Aralvaimozhi. After Mr.Ramasubbu became Executive Officer in
1998, the petitioner was harassed. From the year of 2000 onwards, the
petitioner was not assigned any work, however, the Executive Officer issued a
letter dated 05.10.2000 alleging that the lease amount of Rs.15,000/- paid by the
lessees has not been accounted in the temple accounts. For the said allegation,
the petitioner replied on 09.10.2000 stating that he had neither collected nor
received the said amount. Thereafter, the Executive Officer issued a charge
memo on 29.03.2001 by framing 8 charges, including
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the above claim of unaccounted lease amount, even though the said amount has
been paid later to the temple directly by the lessees.
2.2.Another charge memo dated 30.03.2001 was also issued reiterating
the same allegations. The petitioner submitted an explanation on 12.04.2001
denying all charges. Thereafter, four additional charges were framed against the
petitioner on 25.02.2003 and the petitioner submitted an explanation dated
03.03.2003 seeking exoneration from all the charges. However, the Executive
Officer by proceedings dated 17.07.2003 treated the petitioner as he had
resigned from the service, pursuant to the letter dated 15.07.2003 and the
petitioner was also directed to pay a sum of Rs.1,19,359.91 by the said
proceedings.
2.3.The petitioner informed the Joint Commissioner by letter dated
19.07.2003 that he had not submitted any resignation letter, based upon which
the Joint Commissioner issued a direction to the 3 rd Respondent, to keep all his
actions in abeyance by letter dated 19.07.2003 in Na.Ka.No.14032/03-2, B-2.
However, the alleged resignation letter copy was never furnished to the
petitioner so far. Inspite of directions issued by the Joint Commissioner, the
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Executive Officer initiated surcharge proceedings on 21.07.2003, even though
he had no jurisdiction under Section 90 of the Tamil Nadu H.R. & C.E. Act, as
the amounts were collected and audited. After the explanation of the petitioner
dated 11.08.2003, the Executive Officer issued a telegram, directing him to
rejoin duty on 10.12.2003, but the petitioner was not paid salary for the period
from July to December 2003.
2.4.On 09.03.2004, the petitioner was suddenly suspended and asked to
appear for an enquiry, scheduled on 29.03.2004. Meanwhile, the petitioner
informed the Executive Officer on 27.03.2004 that he had already filed an
appeal before the Joint Commissioner. Despite attending the enquiry on
29.03.2004, 12.04.2004, 23.09.2004 and 07.10.2004, the Executive Officer
repeatedly adjourned and failed to conduct the enquiry. Without conducting
any proper enquiry, the Executive Officer issued an order dated 26.10.2004
dismissing the petitioner from service, stating that the petitioner had neither
submitted any explanation nor appeared for the enquiry, even though
explanations had been submitted and acknowledged.
2.5.It is his further contention that the Executive Officer had no
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jurisdiction to initiate disciplinary proceedings. However, the petitioner’s appeal
to the Joint Commissioner was dismissed, without considering his documents
and he also preferred Revision before the first respondent, which was also
dismissed in R.P.No.128/2014 D2 dated 31.07.2015 on the ground that original
documents had not been filed in the impugned order. Hence this Writ Petition.
3.1.The third respondent filed a counter affidavit stating that the petitioner
challenged the order of the first respondent dated 31.07.2015, which confirmed
the order of the second respondent dismissing his appeal against the third
respondent’s order of removal from service dated 26.10.2004. The removal
order was passed based on the resolution of the Fit Person of the temple dated
25.10.2004. The petitioner had only challenged the first respondent’s order and
not the original order of removal from service. The present writ petition is not
maintainable, as the petitioner has an alternative remedy under Section 114 of
the H.R.&C.E., Act and has not made the Fit Person/the Assistant
Commissioner as a party, who was the authority passed the disciplinary
resolution.
3.2.The petitioner joined the temple as Accountant in 1978. On
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24.09.2000, it was reported that he had retained a sum of Rs.15,000/- towards
lease amount to be paid to the temple and other amounts of Rs.5,882/- without
proper accounting. The petitioner orally suggested to treat, some part of the
amount as his travel expenses. Based on the above, a show cause notice dated
05.10.2000 was issued to him. Since the petitioner did not submit a reply, the
matter was reported to the Fit Person, who passed a resolution on 12.12.2000 to
initiate disciplinary proceedings and suspend him. Despite repeated instructions
to the writ petitioner, he failed to maintain the accounts properly. Charges were
framed on 30.03.2001 and notices were sent to him, however, the petitioner did
not respond. The replies submitted by the petitioner along with the writ petition
were not received by the temple and there is no proof of delivery.
3.3.The Zonal Audit Officer later pointed out irregularities in maintaining
the accounts for a sum of Rs.1,19,359.91, which was communicated to the
petitioner on 25.02.2003. The petitioner submitted a reply on 03.03.2003,
subsequently, he submitted a resignation letter, which was accepted by the Fit
Person, subject to recovery of the amounts in due. The petitioner later claimed
that he had not resigned and therefore, the second respondent directed the third
respondent to keep the order in abeyance. Even thereafter, the petitioner failed
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to attend the enquiry scheduled on 29.03.2004, 23.09.2004 and 07.10.2004. The
alleged letters of adjournment of enquiry, which were signed by the head priest
Mr.M.Pandu Pillai are false, as the head priest had no authority to issue the
same. Additional charges were also framed against the petitioner.
3.4.On 25.10.2004, the Fit Person resolved to remove the petitioner from
service for his insubordination and for non-appearance at the enquiry and the
removal was communicated by the third respondent on 26.10.2004. The
petitioner’s appeal to the second respondent under Section 56(2) of HR & CE
Act was dismissed on 25.09.2014 and the revision before the first respondent
was dismissed on 31.07.2015.
3.5.The third respondent further submitted that the petitioner
misappropriated temple funds, frequently absented himself without getting
permission. The show cause notices, charge memos and order of removal were
communicated by the third respondent only in his official capacity as Executive
Officer and the decisions were taken by the Fit Person through proper
resolutions under Rule 14 of the Functioning of the Board of Trustees Rules.
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4.The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that in the charge
memo dated 29.03.2001, eight charges were framed and another charge memo
dated 30.03.2001 was issued by the Executive Officer, who has no authority or
power to initiate disciplinary proceedings or to issue charge memos and
therefore, the same are without jurisdiction. These details have reflected in the
explanation of the petitioner to the charge memo dated 12.04.2001, wherein he
had given a detailed reply to all the eight charges framed against him.
5.He further submitted that the petitioner had given his explanation on
03.03.2003 to the third respondent and also sent a second explanation to the
second respondent on 19.07.2003. By order dated 21.07.2003, the third
respondent had directed the petitioner to pay the entire amount of
Rs.1,19,359.91 within a period of fifteen days from the date of receipt of a copy
of that order.
6.He further submitted that the disciplinary proceedings initiated by the
third respondent are without jurisdiction, in view of Sections 55 and 56 of the
H.R.&C.E. Act. Section 55 of the H.R.&C.E. Act contemplates the
appointment of office holders and servants in religious institutions and Section
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56 deals with the punishments of office holders and servants in religious
institutions.
7.He further pointed out that the power to initiate disciplinary action is
vested with the Board of Trustees/Trustees and not with the Executive Officer,
who is the third respondent. However, the dismissal order dated 26.10.2004
was passed by the third respondent/Executive Officer. The said dismissal order
does not reflect any of the explanations given by the writ petitioner and
proceeds as if the writ petitioner had not taken part in the disciplinary
proceedings and had not offered any explanation.
8.Per contra, the learned Government Pleader submitted that, in the
enquiry while issuing the charge memo, the writ petitioner was called upon to
offer his explanation. With regard to the explanation relied upon by the writ
petitioner dated 11.03.2004 and the representation dated 15.03.2004, there is no
reference as to whether the same were submitted by hand delivery or by
registered post. There is neither an acknowledgment nor any proof submitted
by the writ petitioner in proof of delivery. Even the copies annexed in the typed
set of papers contain no reference to acknowledgment. There is no signature or
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seal to establish the case of the writ petitioner that he had given his explanation
and for the representation.
9.With regard to the submission of the petitioner that he was informed by
one Mr.Pandu Pillai about the adjournment of the enquiry and that Mr.Pandu
Pillai had issued letters of adjournment, the learned Government Pleader
submitted that Mr.Pandu Pillai is an Archahar and is not an authorised person to
issue such letters on behalf of the third respondent. He seriously disputed the
said letters allegedly issued and signed by Mr.Pandu Pillai, in the absence of
any delegation of power to him. Therefore, no credential can be given to such
letters to show that the writ petitioner had participated in the disciplinary
proceedings. There is no infirmity in the order passed by the third respondent.
The learned Government Pleader further relied upon Rule 14 of the Rules under
the HR&CE Act, 1959 which is usefully extracted hereunder:
“14.All matters relating to the administration of the religious institution
shall be decided at the meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Executive
Officer or the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, as the case may be,
shall carry into effect the decisions of the Board of Trustees after
obtaining the orders of the competent authority on individual subjects.”
10.The learned Government Pleader further contended that Rule 14
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prescribes the functioning of the Board of Trustees and has been framed under
Section 116(2)(viii) and (xi) read with Sections 47, 48 and 49 of HR & CE Act.
As per which, the third respondent is empowered to initiate disciplinary
proceedings and therefore, the impugned order does not suffer from any
infirmity.
11.Heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the available
records.
12.The point for consideration in this matter is, whether the writ
petitioner had taken part in the domestic enquiry?
13.The sum and substance of the charges framed against the writ
petitioner are as follows:
Charges:
1.For various auctions for the year of Fazli 1410, the sum of ₹15,000 which
has been paid to you by the Bidders, is to be deposited into the temple
account i.e request made by the temple vide reference no.1 where 6 months
have passed, the fact that you have not responded shows your arrogance
and negligence. You have misappropriated the above Rs. 15,000/- and
causing financial loss to the temple which resulted in a financial loss to the
temple.
2.You are holding temple funds in your possession. A total of ₹3,355.91
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WP No. 32122 of 2015(₹2,142 from Arulmigu Kulashekara Vinayagar Temple and ₹1,213.91 from
Arulmigu Meynindra Vinayagar Temple) has been kept by you for over a
year without being remitted to the administration, causing financial loss.
3.You took a sum of ₹2,800 to pay land tax but failed to pay it. You have
misappropriated this amount, causing financial loss to the temple.
4.Despite multiple oral and written requests to hand over temple registers,
documents, and files, you have failed to do so and have taken them away
from the temple premises. This is considered an act of theft.
5.You have been taking leave as you please without permission and staying
away from the office. Since your explanations for these absences are
unsatisfactory, a separate order will be issued regarding this.
6.Instead of attending to office work during temple hours, you simply loiter
around the temple. You leave for personal reasons during evenings and
declare holidays for yourself on Saturdays/Sundays without authorization.
Furthermore, you have ignored the Executive Officer’s orders by bringing a
large trunk/box into the temple despite being told it is prohibited.
7.You are maintaining contact with individuals who work against the
welfare of the temple and are acting in a manner detrimental to the temple’s
interests. You have failed to submit weekly/monthly work reports or details
regarding lease collection. On days you visit the temple, you do no work
and claim that your health does not permit you to work. Under these
circumstances, how can you be placed on compulsory retirement
8.You must submit your explanation for the above charges within 15 days.
Failure to do so will result in a final order being passed based on the
records, assuming you have no explanation to offer.
Additional four charges:
1. Para No.2: Failure to collect lease arrears -Rs.58391/-
Rs.58,391/-, contrary to auction rules.
2. Para No.3: Loss incurred due to failure to settle -Rs.50,518/-
long-standing arrears.
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3. Para No.6: Misappropriation of funds regarding -Rs.4,000/-
sukku kudineer and sugar distribution to Muppandal
Kodai festival devotees.
4. Para No.11: On 18.08.98 ₹1,000 was given for -Rs.300/-
posters, but approval/receipt exists only for ₹700.
14.The writ petitioner being an accountant had received money which
ought to have been credited to the temple account. However, he failed to do so
and despite service of notice, he did not participate in the enquiry. The
documents placed before this Court lack authenticity and do not establish that
they were submitted before the Enquiry Officer. These documents appear to
have been created only to show as if no opportunity had been given to the
petitioner.
15.Similarly with regard to the explanation offered by the writ petitioner
to the third respondent vide letter dated 11.03.2004 and the representation of the
petitioner to the second respondent dated 15.03.2004, the same were neither
sent by registered post nor delivered in person. Even the copies are not duly
acknowledged. These letters are seriously disputed by the respondents. When
it is the specific case of the respondents that no explanation was received, the
writ petitioner ought to have established the same by producing necessary
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acknowledgment. In the absence of any such proof, the fact that the petitioner
had made such representation cannot be accepted.
16.In the letters referred by the writ petitioner dated 12.04.2004 and
23.09.2004, signed by one Mr.Pandu Pillai, who is the Archahar of the temple,
the seal of the temple is found in those letters. However, the letters of
adjourment have been seriously disputed by the third respondent. In such
circumstances, it is for the writ petitioner to establish that he had participated in
the disciplinary proceedings. No material has been placed to show that the
petitioner made any genuine attempt to participate in the enquiry. Therefore,
the petitioner participated in the enquiry cannot be accepted. Further, from the
letter issued by the petitioner regarding payment credited to the temple account,
it is evident that the petitioner himself stated that he would deduct the amount
due to him, thereby indicating that he was taking decisions on his own.
17.This is a classic case where the accountant of a small temple has
misappropriated funds, which is like a fence consuming the crop, which is
meant to protect. If such a claim is accepted on technical grounds, it would
defeat the very purpose of disciplinary proceedings. It is not in dispute that an
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opportunity must be given in a domestic enquiry. However, in this case, the
petitioner did not participate and he has attempted to create documents to give
the impression that he has attended the enquiry. This is a clear attempt to
mislead the Court by projecting that no opportunity was given, which is
factually incorrect. This Court strongly deprecates such practice, as it amounts
to interference with the justice delivery system.
18.With regard to the power under Section 55 of the Act, the jurisdiction
has been explained under Rule 14 of the Act. Therefore, there is no infirmity in
the order passed by the third respondent, as confirmed by the second respondent
and further confirmed in the revision by the first respondent.
18.In fine, the writ petition is dismissed as devoid of merits. No costs.
17.04.2026
Index: Yes/No
Speaking/Non-speaking order
Neutral Citation: Yes/No
sai
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WP No. 32122 of 2015
N.SENTHILKUMAR, J.
sai
To
1. The Commissioner,
Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments
Administration Department, Chennai – 600 034
2. The Joint Commissioner,
Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Dept.,
Tirunelveli
3. The Executive Officer,
A/M. Nainar Kulasekara Vinayagar Temple,
Aralvaimozhi, Kanyakumari District
Pre-delivery order made in
WP No. 32122 of 2015
17.04.2026
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