Yashwanthapura Ps vs A1 Kalpana on 6 July, 2026

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    Bangalore District Court

    Yashwanthapura Ps vs A1 Kalpana on 6 July, 2026

    KABC010249332017
    
    
    
    
      IN THE COURT OF LXVI ADDL CITY CIVIL & SESSIONS
              JUDGE, BENGALURU CITY (CCH-67)
    
                             PRESENT
                   SRI. JAYAPRAKASH A.
                                        B.A.L., L.L.M.,
             LXVI Addl. City Civil & Sessions Judge,
                     Bengaluru.(CCH-67)
    
                Dated this the 4th day of July, 2026
    
                        S.C.No. 1230/2017
    
    COMPLAINANT :      State by
                       Yeshwanthapura Police Station,
                       Bengaluru.
                       (By Public Prosecutor.)
                       /Vs/
    
    ACCUSED :          A1 -Kalpana,
                       W/o late Sathish,
                       Aged about 32 years,
                       C/o Babu Building, 7th Cross,
                       Subedar Palya, Yeshwanthapura,
                       Bengaluru City.
    
                       A2 - Javeed @ Javeed Basha,
                       S/o M.Pasha Ali,
                       Aged 22 years,
                       R/at No.3, Near Pakeer Masjid,
                       Beside Old Police Station,
                       Tekkalakote, Siriguppa,
                       Bellary.
                       (By     A1     Sri.GSS,    A2-Sri.RPR,
                       Advocates)
                                                   S.C.No.1230/2017
                                2
    
    
    
    
    DATE OF:
    
        Occurrence of offence   :   22/05/2017
    
        Commencement of trial :     17/08/2021
    
        Closing of trial        :   05/04/2025
    
        Name of the complainant:    Sri Krupa Shankar
        Offence alleged        :    Under Section 302, 201, 204
                                    read with 34 of IPC
    
        Opinion of the judge    : Charges leveled against the
                                  accused are proved for offence
                                  under Section 302 read with
                                  34 of IPC and not proved for
                                  the offence punishable under
                                  Section 201 and 204 read
                                  with section 34 of IPC.
    
        Sentence or order       :
                                    Convicted for the offence
                                    punishable under Section
                                    302 read with 34 of IPC and
                                    and sentenced to undergo
                                    imprisonment for life and
                                    shall pay fine of Rs.25,000/-
                                    each in default to undergo
                                    simple imprisonment for a
                                    period of one year.
    
                                    Accused No.1 and 2 are
                                    Acquitted of the offence
                                    punishable under Sections
                                    201 and 204 read with 34 of
                                    IPC.
                                                       S.C.No.1230/2017
                                   3
    
    
    
    
                              JUDGMENT
    

    The Yeshwanthapura police have submitted charge sheet
    against the accused persons for the offences punishable under
    sections 302, 201, 204 read with 34 of Indian Penal Code.

    2. It is the specific case of the prosecution that accused
    No.1 is the wife of the deceased Satish. They were residing in
    house No.1316 situated at 7th Main Road, K.N.Layout,
    Yeshwanthapura. The accused No.1 had illicit relationship
    with accused No.2. On 18/4/2017 the accused No.1 left her
    house and went along with accused No.2. The deceased had
    lodged a complaint before Yeshwanthapura police station in
    connection with missing of accused No.1. Thereafter accused
    No.1 along with accused No.2, in anticipation of resistance by
    him for their illicit relationship in furtherance of their common
    intention hatched a plan in the house of accused No.2. to
    cause death of the deceased. They had discussed about the
    same through their mobile phone also. The accused No.2 used
    to purchase sleeping tablet from CW-29/Arunkumar. The
    accused No.2 handed over the sleeping tablet to accused No.1
    as decided by them earlier. On 22/5/2017 at about 8:30 p.m.
    accused No.1 mixed sleeping tablets in the pumpkin curry
    during dinner and served the same to the deceased. After
    deceased gone to bed both the accused persons strangulated
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    4

    SPONSORED

    the neck of the deceased with the help of chudidhar pant and
    accused No.2 stuffed the mouth of the deceased with cloth and
    assaulted on his face with a stone and kicked him and caused
    his death. The accused No.1 and 2 in order to conceal the
    evidence took the dead body to MS Ramaiah Hospital with the
    help of CW.22/Smt.Maya and CW.23/Sri.Shukkur. The
    accused No.1 damaged the SIM which was used by her to
    communicate with the accused No.2 and tried to destroy the
    evidence and thereby committed the offence punishable under
    Sections 302, 201, 204 read with 34 of Indian Penal Code.

    3. After completion of investigation the police have filed
    charge sheet against the accused No.1 and 2 for the offence
    punishable under sections 302, 201, 204 read with 34 of IPC
    before the learned Magistrate. After filing of the charge sheet
    the learned Magistrate took cognizance of the offence and
    registered the case against the accused No.1 and 2 for the
    above said offences.

    4. The copies of charge sheet was furnished to accused
    No.1 and 2, hence the learned Magistrate has complied with
    the provisions of section 207 of Cr.P.C. As the offence charged
    against the accused is exclusively triable by the Court of
    Sessions the learned Magistrate acting under section 209 of
    Cr.P.C has committed the case against accused No.1 and 2 to
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    5

    this Court for trial and the same is registered in
    SC.1230/2017 against accused No.1 and 2. The matter is
    taken up before this court for further proceedings accordingly.

    5. After hearing the counsel for accused and learned Public
    Prosecutor and on considering the materials forthcoming from
    the prosecution papers and from the materials on record this
    Court has framed charge against the accused persons for the
    offences punishable under sections 302, 201 and 204 read
    with section 34 of IPC to which accused No.1 and 2 pleaded
    not guilty and thereby they have claimed to be tried for the
    said offences.

    6. In support of its case, the prosecution cited 41 witnesses
    and examined 35 witnesses as PW1 to PW35. The prosecution
    has given up CW.35 and dropped CW.6, CW.25, CW.26. CW.1
    is reported to be dead. The prosecution has produced
    documents at Ex.P1 to Ex.P.66 and properties at MO1 to 10.
    After closing the evidence of prosecution witness accused No.1
    and 2 were examined under section 313 of Cr.P.C. wherein
    they have denied all the incriminating materials appearing
    against them in the prosecution evidence. But the accused
    neither chosen to adduce any oral evidence nor produced any
    documents in support of their defence.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    6

    7. Heard the arguments of learned Public Prosecutor
    wherein the learned Public Prosecutor has submitted that
    though the material witnesses to the case of the prosecution
    have not supported the case, the medical evidence which is
    corroborated by FSL report would clearly establish the act of
    the accused persons in administering sleeping tablet and
    strangulating him to death. The evidence of the mahazar
    witness and the investigating officer corroborates the version of
    the prosecution. He has further contended that the accused
    No.1 being the wife of the deceased was residing with him and
    as on the date of incident she was very much present in the
    house. Under these circumstances, the accused No.1 has to
    explain as to how death of her husband took place. The
    accused No.1 is absolutely silent on that aspect. Since she is
    the person last seen together with the deceased during his life
    time, the circumstances made out clearly pointing towards the
    guilt of the accused.

    8. On the other hand the counsels for defense have argued
    that all the material witnesses to the case of the prosecution
    have turned hostile to the case of the prosecution. No eye
    witness version has been placed by the prosecution in order to
    prove the alleged offence against the accused persons. The
    medical evidence and the testimony of the investigating officer
    has not been corroborated by any other independent
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    7

    witnesses. Therefore, conviction cannot be based solely on
    medical report and FSL report.

    9. Perused the oral and documentary evidence forthcoming
    on record. On going through the materials placed on record
    the points that arise for my consideration are:

    (1) Whether the prosecution proves that the
    death of the deceased was homicidal?

    (2) Whether the prosecution proves that
    accused No.1 and 2 had the motive to commit
    the murder of the deceased?

    (3) Whether the prosecution proves beyond all
    reasonable doubt that on 22/5/2017 at about
    8:30 p.m. at House No.1316, 7th Main Road,
    KN Layout, Bengaluru accused No.1 with the
    help of accused No.2 in furtherance of their
    common intention administered sleeping
    tablet to the deceased Satish by mixing the
    same in the dinner and when the said Satish
    fell asleep accused No.1 and 2 strangulated
    him with the help of chudidhar pant and
    accused No.2 assaulted on the face of Sathish
    with stone and kicked him and caused death
    of Satish by doing an act with the intention of
    causing death or with the intention of causing
    such bodily injury as is likely to cause death
    or with the knowledge that they are likely by
    such act to cause death and committed an
    offence punishable under Section 302 read
    with 34 of Indian Penal Code ?

    (4) Whether the prosecution has proved
    beyond all reasonable doubt that on the said
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    8

    date, time and place after causing the death
    of Sathish the accused No.1 called CW.21 and
    CW.23 and informed them that the said
    Sathish consumed poison, with an intention to
    conceal the act of causing death and took him
    to MS Ramaiah Hospital and knowing that the
    offence has been committed and tried to
    conceal evidence of commission of the offence
    to disappear with the intention of screening
    the accused No.2 from legal punishment and
    gave false information about the death of
    deceased and thereby committed an offence
    punishable under Section 201 read with 34 of
    Indian Penal Code?

    (5) Whether the prosecution has proved
    beyond all reasonable doubt that on the said
    date time and place accused No.1 along with
    accused No.2 in furtherance of their common
    intention caused death of deceased Sathish
    and while admitting the deceased to MS
    Ramaiah Hospital destroyed SIM Card which
    was used for communication with accused
    No.2 and tried for destruction of evidence to
    prevent its production as evidence and
    thereby committed offence punishable under
    Section 204 rad with 34 of Indian Penal
    Code
    ?

    (6) What order?

    10. After hearing the arguments of both the parties and on
    considering the relevant materials on record, my findings on
    the above points are as hereunder.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    9

    Point No.1 : In the Affirmative
    Point No.2 In the Affirmative
    Point No.3 In the Affirmative
    Point No.4 In the Negative
    Point No.5: In the Negative
    Point No.6: As per final order
    for the following;

    REASONS

    11. Point No.1 : The case of the prosecution in brief is that
    accused No.1 is the wife of the deceased Satish. They were
    residing in house No.1316 situated at 7 th Main Road,
    K.N.Layout, Yeshwanthapura. The accused No.1 had illicit
    relationship with accused No.2. On 18/4/2017 the accused
    No.1 left her house and went along with accused No.2 to his
    village situated at Tekkalakote, Bellary. The deceased had
    lodged a complaint before Yeshwanthapura police station in
    connection with missing of accused No.1 and children.
    Thereafter, accused No.1 along with accused No.2, in
    anticipation of resistance by the deceased for their illicit
    relationship in furtherance of their common intention hatched
    a plan in the house of accused No.2. to cause death of the
    deceased. They had discussed about the same through their
    mobile. The accused No.2 used to purchase sleeping tablet
    from CW-29/Arunkumar. The accused No.2 handed over the
    sleeping tablet to accused No.1 as decided by them earlier. On
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    10

    22/5/2017 at about 8:30 p.m. accused No.1 mixed sleeping
    tablets in pumpkin curry during dinner and served the same
    to the deceased. After deceased fell asleep both the accused
    persons strangulated the deceased with the help of chudidhar
    pant and accused No.2 stuffed the mouth of the deceased with
    cloth and assaulted on his face with a stone and kicked him
    and caused his death. The accused No.1 and 2 in order to
    conceal the evidence took the dead body to MS Ramaiah
    Hospital with the help of CW.22/Smt.Maya and
    CW.23/Sri.Sukkur. The accused No.1 damaged the SIM which
    she used to have commnicate with the accused No.2 and tried
    to destroy the evidence and thereby committed the offence
    punishable under Sections 302, 201, 204 read with 34 of
    Indian Penal Code.

    12. In support of its case prosecution examined one
    Sri.Balaji Singh as PW.1. He is the informant as well as
    injured eye witness. He is the spot mahazar witness. During
    the examination in chief he has stated that in the year 2017
    one day at 6:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Yeshwanthapura police
    called him to cooperate as pancha in a case of suicide. They
    gave him a written notice as per Ex.P.1. At the time of
    mahazar CW.3 Nandakumar and police were present in the
    spot. Mahazar was conducted on the first floor of a house
    situated in K.N.Badavane, Yeshwanthapura. He saw the dead
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    11

    body and a lady in the said house. Though the chief
    examination of PW.1 is deferred there after he was reported to
    be dead and he could not be subjected to cross examination.

    13. One Nandakumar is examined as PW.2. He is the spot
    mahazar witness. During the examination in chief he has
    stated that he know the accused No.1 Kalpana. On
    24/5/2017 Yeshwanthapura police issued notice to co-operate
    as pancha to seizure mahazar. CW.2 Balaji Singh was also
    present with him. The police took him and CW.2 to the first
    floor of the house situated at 7th Cross, KM Badavane,
    Yeshwanthapura. The accused No.1 was also present along
    with the police who showed the properties i.e., mat, a pillow, a
    cloth, a stone, chudidar pant which was lying on the hall of
    the said house. She has also showed some powder which was
    kept on a paper near the TV stand and a old mobile. The police
    have seized the said articles. He has stated that he has signed
    the Ex.P.2 mahazar. He has also stated that police took
    photographs as per Ex.P.3 and P.4 during mahazar. He has
    identified MO.1 to 6 before the Court. He has also stated that
    accused No.1 informed the police that they used chudidhar
    pant at MO.3 to commit murder.

    14. One Mohan is examined as PW.3. He is the person who
    had accompanied the police as mahazar witness during
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    12

    mahazar drawn in the medical store where the accused No.2
    purchased the sleeping tablets. He has stated that he know
    accused No.2. In the year 2017 at about 10:00 p.m. while he
    was returning form his house via Devinagar, Bellary, 4-5 police
    persons and public had gathered near Sindu Jnanica medical
    and general stores. When he went to the spot, shop keeper
    Ramakrishan was present. The accused No.2 was also present
    along with the police. The police conducted mahazar and he
    came to know that accused No.2 purchased some medicine
    form CW.9/Ramakrishna. Accordingly he signed mahazar
    which is marked as Ex.P.5.

    15. One Mojisha is examined as PW.4. He is the person who
    accompanied the police to draw mahazar in the medical shop.
    During the examination in chief PW.4 has stated that in the
    year 2017 at about 10:00 p.m. while he was standing near
    Modi Circle, CW.9/Ramakrishna called him over phone and
    therefore he went near his Sindhu Jnanica Medical Store. At
    that time police were present along with the accused in the
    said spot. The police drawn the mahazar and obtained his
    signature. It was informed to him that accused purchased
    sleeping tablets form the said medical store. He has identified
    the mahazar at Ex.P.5 and his signature at Ex.P.5(b). CW.7
    Mohan was also present in the spot during the mahazar. The
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    13

    accused informed the police that CW.9 gave the sleeping
    tablets to him.

    16. One Ramakrishna is examined as PW.5. He is the spot
    mahazar witness to the mahazar drawn at the medical shop.
    During the examination in chief he has stated that he was the
    sales man in Sindhu Jnanika medical and general stores
    situated at Devi Nagar Main Road, Bellary. One Sunday
    around 10:00 p.m. Yeshwanthapura police visited his store
    along with the accused and informed him about murder. The
    police informed him about the sale of sleeping tablets. The
    police prepared the document and took his signature. He has
    identified mahazar at Ex.P.5 and his signature at Ex.P.5(a).

    17. One Vimalkumar is examined as PW.6. He is the
    mahazar witness at the spot where accused No.1 damaged the
    SIM card. Though he has identified the mahazar at Ex.P.8 and
    his signature at Ex.P.8(a) he has stated that he do not know as
    to for what reason he had signed Ex.P.8 mahazar. He has
    stated that the police did not conduct the mahazar in his
    presence. He has turned hostile to the case of the prosecution.
    Nothing has been elicited during the cross examination of
    PW.6 by the learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the mahazar
    at Ex.P.8 is concerned.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    14

    18. One Nagaraju is examined as PW.7. He is the mahazar
    witness in the spot where the accused No.1 destroyed SIM
    card. Though he has identified mahazar and his signature he
    has not supported the case of the prosecution. Nothing has
    been elicited during the cross examination of PW.7 in so for as
    the mahazar is concerned.

    19. One Munna is examined as PW.8. He is the inquest
    mahazar witness. During the examination in chief he has
    stated that he know the deceased Satish and he came to know
    that the deceased was murdered. He had been to
    M.S.Ramaiah Hospital to see the dead body of the deceased
    Satish. Postmortem was conducted in the hospital and he
    observed injuries on the face of the dead body. The police
    verified the dead body and took his signature to the inquest
    mahazar. He has stated that he came to know from the police
    that Satish was murdered by his wife and and another person.

    20. One Mohammed Siraj is examined as PW.9. He is the
    inquest mahazar witness. He has not supported the case of
    the prosecution. During the cross examination by the learned
    Public Prosecutor PW.9 has admitted that on 24/5/2017
    police called him to M.S.Ramaiah Hospital mortuary to
    conduct mahazar regarding the death of Satish. He has also
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    15

    admitted that during mahazar he has noticed injuries over the
    body of the deceased.

    21. One Nagaraju is examined as PW.10. He is the person
    who has prepared the spot sketch. He has stated that on
    5/06/2017 on the request of the police he prepared the spot
    sketch. The spot was situated on the first floor of the building
    situated at 7th Main, Subedarpalya, Yeshwanthapura.

    22. One Mehaboobsab is examined as PW.11. He is the
    person who accompanied the police to prepare mahazar at the
    spot where the conspiracy was made by the accused persons.
    He has identified the mahazar at Ex.,P.18 and his signature at
    Ex.P.18(a). He has stated that he do not know the contents of
    mahazar and he failed to identify MO.7 and he has not
    supported the case of the prosecution.

    23. One Harish.B.C. is examined as PW.12. He is the
    nephew of the deceased. He has stated that deceased
    B.N.Satish is his uncle and he know accused No.1. But he has
    not supported the case of the prosecution. He has stated that
    he has not given any statement to the police. Nothing has
    been elicited during the cross examination of PW.12 by the
    learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the alleged incident and
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    16

    illicit relationship between the accused No.1 and 2 is
    concerned.

    24. One Chandrashekar is examined as PW.13. He is the
    brother of the deceased. He has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. Though he has not supported the case of the
    prosecution, during the examination in chief he has stated
    that he had seen the dead body and found some ligature
    marks on the neck of the dead body, but stated that he do not
    know as to who murdered the deceased. He has stated that he
    has not given any statement before the police. Nothing has
    been elicited during the cross examination of PW.13 by the
    learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the alleged murder and
    illicit relationship between the accused No.1 and 2 is
    concerned.

    25. One Likitha Priya is examined as PW.14. She is the
    daughter of the deceased and eye witness to the incident. She
    has not supported the case of the prosecution. Nothing has
    been elicited during the cross examination of PW.14 by the
    learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the alleged incident of
    murder is concerned.

    26. One Babujan is examined as PW.15. He is the neighbor
    of the deceased and who took the dead body to the hospital.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    17

    He has not supported the case of the prosecution. He has
    stated that he has not given any statement before the police.
    Nothing has been elicited during the cross examination of
    PW.15 by the learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the
    incident and shifting of the dead body of the deceased to the
    hospital is concerned.

    27. One Smt.Maya is examined as PW.16. She is the sister
    of accused No.1. She has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. She has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. Nothing has been elicited during the cross
    examination of PW.16 in so for as the alleged incident is
    concerned.

    28. One Arunkumar is examined as PW.17. He is the person
    who was working in Sindu Jnanika Medical and general Store
    and who handed over the sleeping tablets to accused No.2.
    Though he has admitted that he was working in Sindu
    Gnanika Medical and general store he has not supported the
    case of the prosecution. He has stated that he did not sell any
    sleeping tablets to accused No.2. Nothing has been elicited
    during the cross examination of PW.17 in so for as purchase of
    sleeping tablets by accused No.2 is concerned.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    18

    29. One Kishore Kumar is examined as PW.18. He is the
    brother in law of accused No.1. He has not supported the case
    of the prosecution. Nothing has been elicited during the cross
    examination of PW.18 by the learned Public Prosecutor in so
    for as the alleged incident of murder and illicit relationship of
    the accused No.1 and 2 is concerned.

    30. One Kiran is examined as PW.19. He is the nephew of
    the deceased. He has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. He has stated that he do not know as to what is
    the reason for the death of the deceased. He has stated that
    he has not given any statement before the police. Nothing has
    been elicited during the cross examination of PW.19 by the
    learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the relationship between
    the accused No.1 and 2 is concerned.

    31. One Manjunath is examined as PW.20. He is the elder
    brother of the deceased. He has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. He has stated that he do not know as to for what
    reason Sathish died. He has further stated that he do not
    know as to who murdered the deceased. He has further stated
    that he has not given any statement before the police. Nothing
    has been elicited during the cross examination of PW.20 by the
    learned Public Prosecutor in so for as the alleged incident of
    murder is concerned.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    19

    32. One Khaja Hussain is examined as PW.21. He is the
    person who is resident of the village of accused No.2.
    Prosecution examined him to depose regarding the panchayath
    which was held in the village when accused No.2 visited the
    village along with accused No.1. He has not supported the
    case of the prosecution. He has stated that he did not conduct
    any panchayath and he has not seen accused No.2 along with
    accused No.1. Nothing has been elicited during the cross
    examination of PW.21 by the learned Public Prosecutor in so
    for as alleged panchayath is concerned.

    33. One Mohammed Ghouse is examined as PW.22. He is
    the person who was present during the panchayath which was
    held in the village of the accused No.2. He has not supported
    the case of the prosecution. Nothing has been elicited during
    the cross examination of PW.22 by the learned Public
    Prosecutor in so for as alleged panchayath is concerned.

    34. One Shukur is examined as PW.23. He is the neighborer
    of the deceased. He has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. He has stated that he did not see the accused
    No.2 in the house of accused No.1. Nothing has been elicited
    during the cross examination of PW.23 by the learned Public
    Prosecutor in so for as the relationship between accused No.1
    and 2 is concerned.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    20

    35. One Rehana Begam is examined as PW.24. She is the
    neighborer of the deceased. She has not supported the case of
    the prosecution. Nothing has been elicited during the cross
    examination of PW.24 by the learned Public Prosecutor in so
    for as visit of accused No.2 to the house of accused No.1 is
    concerned.

    36. One Pheerappa.J. Keventagi is examined as PW.25. He
    is the person who has taken the articles to FSL. In his
    examination in chief he has stated that on 27/6/2017 Cw.41
    deputed him to submit seized articles to FSL, Madiwala.
    Accordingly, he submitted the articles and received
    acknowledgment from FSL, Madiwala as per Ex.P.37.

    37. One Dr.Jayanth.H.S. is examined as PW.26. He is the
    person who has conducted post mortem examination on the
    dead body. In his examination in chief he has stated that he
    worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Forensic
    Medicines, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College from 2009-2021. On
    24/5/2017 he received requisition from Inspector,
    Yeshwanthapur police station to conduct postmortem of one
    Sathish as per Ex.P.38. On the same day he conducted
    postmortem examination in between 11:50 a.m. to 1:20 p.m.
    on the dead body of deceased Satish. He has stated that he
    has handed over one vest, one maroon colour yellow line night
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    21

    pant and one blue underwear to the police and he has
    identified the same as MO.8 to 10. He has stated that on
    examination he found sub conjunctive hemorrhage over both
    eyes. He also observed petechia hemorrhage over the upper
    part of the front of neck and lower part of face. He has further
    stated that he found oblique ligature mark over front and sides
    of neck running upwards and backwards towards the nape of
    the neck. He also observed multiple abrasion contusions over
    face, front of neck and multiple contusions over both arms.
    He has stated that the cause of death is due to asphyxia as a
    result of ligature strangulation. He has stated that he has
    issued postmortem report as per Ex.P.40.

    38. One Siddagangamma is examined as PW.27. She is the
    person who assisted the Investigating Officer to apprehend the
    accused. She has stated that on 28/5/2017 CW.17 deputed
    her to trace the accused. On the same day she had been to
    Bellary and apprehended accused No.2 in the railway station
    and produced him before the investigation officer.

    39. One Lakshmipathi is examined as PW.28. He is the
    person who has taken the FIR to the learned Magistrate. He
    has stated that on 23/5/2017 CW.41 deputed him to submit
    FIR and complaint to the learned Magistrate and accordingly
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    22

    on the same day at 8:00 p.m. he has submitted FIR to the
    Magistrate.

    40. One B.M.Nataraju is examined as PW.29. He is the
    person who has assisted the investigating officer to apprehend
    the accused No.1 and 2. He has stated that on 24/5/2017
    CW.41 had taken him to trace the accused persons. On the
    same day at 12:00 noon they found a lady near Chowdeshwari
    bus stop at Mathikere and brought her to the police station.
    On 28/5/2017 they went to Bellary along with accused No.1
    and apprehended accused No.2 in Bellary railway station and
    identified accused No.2.

    41. One Yellalinga S Nalkodu is examined as PW.30. He is
    the person who has collected the articles form M.S.Ramaiah
    Hospital. In his examination in chief he has stated that on
    8/06/2017 CW.41 deputed him to bring seized articles of the
    deceased form M.S.Ramaiah Hospital and accordingly he
    collected three sealed articles as per Mo.8 to 10 and produced
    the same before the Investigating Officer. He has further
    stated that on 21/06/2017 he visited M.S.Ramaiah Hospital
    and collected contents of stomach, small intestine, portion of
    liver, kidney and blood with preservatives.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    23

    42. One Muddaraja.Y is examined as PW.31. He is the
    investigation officer in this case. In his examination in chief
    he has stated that on 23/5/2017 at 4:30 p.m. when he was in
    the police station, CW.1 Sri.Krupashankar came to the police
    station and lodged a computerized complaint at Ex.P.43. On
    receipt of the said complaint he registered a case in
    Cr.No.202/2017 for the offence punishable under Section 302
    of IPC and submitted FIR to the Court. On the same day he
    visited M.S.Ramaiah Hospital and received death memo as per
    Ex.P.46. On 25/4/2017 he deputed PW.29 and CW.35 to
    traced accused No.1. On the same day he visited M.S.Ramaiah
    Hospital mortuary and in the presence of CW.1, PW.8, PW.9
    and CW.14 conducted inquest mahazar at Ex.P.12 over the
    dead body of Sathish. He has recorded the inquest statement
    of PW.12, 13, 19, 20 and CW.18. On the same day PW.29 and
    CW.35 apprehended accused No.1 at Chowdeshwari bus stand
    and produced her at 12:30 p.m. He arrested the accused by
    following arrest procedure and recorded her voluntary
    statement. In her voluntary statement she disclosed that she
    would produce SIM card which was used for conversation with
    accused No.2 and would show the place where the said SIM
    was damaged. The accused No.1 led them to M.S.Ramaiah
    Hospital and showed the place where SIM was damaged in the
    presence of CW.6 and 7. He conducted mahazar and she
    disclosed that the SIM Number as 9632538016. He has
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    24

    further stated that on the same day accused No.1 led them to
    her residential house situated at K.N.Layout and showed the
    hall situated on the first floor of house No.1316 of K.N.Layout.
    He conducted mahazar in the said spot. The accused No.1
    produced Mo.1 to 6 during the mahazar and he has seized the
    same in the presence of PW.1 and PW.2. On the same day
    accused No.1 was taken to police custody for further
    investigation. On 28/5/2017 the accused No.1 was taken to
    Bellary and collected information about the accused No.2 and
    apprehended him in railway station. He recorded the
    statement of accused No.2 wherein he admitted that he would
    show the medical shop where he purchased the sleeping
    tablets, and also stated that he would produce mobile phone
    used for conversation with accused No.1. On the same day
    accused No.2 led them to his native village Tekkalakote to his
    house situated at 2nd Ward Pinjara Road. Accused No.2
    produced a black colour Nokia mobile set with two SIM cards.
    He has seized the same in the presence of PW.11 and CW.6
    and drawn mahazar as per Ex.P.18. He has further stated
    that on the same day accused No.2 led them to Sindu Jnanika
    medical and general store situated at Devi Nagar, Bellary and
    informed that he had purchased the sleeping tablets from the
    said medical shop. He has drawn mahazar in the said shop in
    the presence of PW.3 and PW.4. PW.5 Ramakrishna identified
    the accused No.2 and stated that he had purchased the
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    25

    sleeping tablets form his medical shop. He has recorded the
    statement of CW.1, PW.12, 13, 18, 19, 20 and also statement
    of PW.14, 23,, 24, 27, 29, CW.35, 37, 38 and PW.14. On
    29/05/2017 he has recorded the statement of PW.15, to 17,
    21, 22, CW.25 and 26. He has seized the cloths of the
    deceased produced by PW.30 at M:O.8 and 10. On 8/6/2017
    he has received the postmortem report at Ex.P.40. On
    27/6/2017 he sent the seized articles to FSL through PW.25.
    On 24/07/2017 he requested the DCP North to secure the
    CDR pertaining to the mobile phones of accused No.1 and 2.
    On 9/8/2017 he received call details of phone used by
    accused No.1 at Ex.P.53. And call details of accused No.2 at
    Ex.P.54 and another call details of accused No.2 at Ex.P.55.
    As per the call details of above said phone numbers of accused
    No.1 and 2 made conversation prior to and subsequent to the
    incident. On 16/08/2017 he obtained complaint lodged by the
    deceased Satish against his wife and children which was a
    missing complaint as per Ex.ZP.63. Pending FSL report he
    has submitted charge sheet against accused No.1 and 2.
    Thereafter he has handed over the case file to Mohammed
    Mukram for further investigation.

    43. One Vinod Lakkappan who is the Deputy Director of FSL,
    Bangalore is examined as PW.32. In his examination in chief
    he has stated that on 27/6/2017 the office of FSL has received
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    26

    6 sealed articles in connection with Cr.No.202/2017 of
    Yeshwanthapura police station. He found one sealed paper
    packet said to have contained tablet powder, stomach and its
    contents , portion of small intestine and its contents, portion
    of liver and kidney, blood and preservatives and subjected
    same for chemical analysis. He has opined that the colour test
    TLC and HPTLC responded for the presence of traces of
    Alprazolam (Anxiolytic) in article No.1 to 4 and 6. In this
    regard he has issued certificate of examination as per Ex.P.41.

    44. One Vinay the nodal officer of Bharathi Airtel Limited is
    examined as PW.33. He has stated that on 24/07/2017 he
    has received requisition from DCP North,Bangalore to furnish
    CDR of 4 mobile numbers i.e., 9632538016, 9741431037,
    8150086684 and 9482787962 and customer application
    forms. Accordingly, he furnished call details at Ex.P.53 to 56
    and customer application at Ex.P.57 to 60.

    45. One Suresh is examined as PW.34. He is the brother of
    the deceased. He has not supported the case of the
    prosecution. He has stated that he do not know whether the
    deceased was murdered and how he died. Nothing has been
    elicited during the cross examination of PW.34 in so for as the
    alleged incident of murder is concerned.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    27

    46. One Ajaya Sarathi is examined as PW.35. He is the
    person who partly investigated the case. During the
    examination in chief he has stated that on 15/11/2023 he has
    sent requisition to medical officer, M.S.Ramaiah Hospital to
    give final opinion by verifying postmortem report and FSL
    report of the deceased Satish. Accordingly, on 21/12/2023 he
    received final report form M.S.Ramaiah Hospital wherein it
    was opined that the death is due to asphyxia as a result of
    ligature strangulation.

    47. It is the specific case of the prosecution that, the
    deceased Sathish is the husband of accused No.1 and
    they were residing in the rented house, on 17 th main road,
    K.N Layout Bengaluru. It is further case of the
    prosecution that, accused No.1 had illicit relationship
    with accused No.2 and they had feeling that deceased is
    an impediment to their illicit relationship and hatched a
    plan to murder the said Sathish. On 22.05.2017 they
    executed plan to murder the said Sathish by
    administering sleeping tablet by mixing the same in
    pumpkin curry during dinner. After the said Sathish fell
    asleep, the accused No.1 and 2 strangulated him with
    chudidar pant and caused his death. The Prosecution has
    to establish that, the death of Sathish was homicidal.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    28

    48. The material witnesses to the case of the prosecution
    have not supported the case of the prosecution. Therefore,
    this court has to fall back on the medical evidence in
    order to ascertain whether the death is homicidal or not.
    The prosecution examined Dr.Jayanth S.H. as P.W.26 who
    conducted Postmortem examination of the dead body. He
    has deposed that, on examination of the dead body he
    found an oblique ligature mark over front and side of the
    neck running upwards and backwards towards that nape
    of the neck. He also noted multiple abraded contusions
    over face, neck and lips and multiple contusions over both
    arms. He has opined that, death is due to asphyxia as a
    result of ligature strangulation. The postmortem report is
    marked Ex.P.40. It is pertinent to note that, there is no
    suggestion on the part of the accused persons to the effect
    that, the deceased committed the suicide by
    strangulation.

    49. The evidence of P.W.26 Doctor clearly establishes
    that, the deceased died due to ligature strangulation. The
    postmortem report is corroborated by the FSL report at
    Ex.P.41 which confirms ligature marks over the neck of
    the deceased. After considering the external and internal
    injuries, PW.26 has categorically opined that the deceased
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    29

    died due to asphyxia as a result of ligature strangulation
    and that the death was homicidal in nature. The accused
    persons have not seriously disputed the medical evidence
    insofar as the ligature marks is concerned. The defence
    has neither suggested any alternative cause of death nor
    challenged the medical opinion by examining any contrary
    expert witness. Therefore the testimony of PW 26 has
    remained unshaken and inspires confidence. The medical
    findings are wholly inconsistent with accidental or natural
    death.

    50. The prosecution has also examined PW 32 Dr Vinod
    J Lakkappan through whom the prosecution has proved
    Ex.P. 41. His evidence discloses traces of Alprazolam were
    detected in the tablet powder, stomach contents, liver and
    blood of the deceased. There is no material on record to
    create any doubt regarding the cause or nature of death.
    Hence there is no hesitation to hold that, the death of
    Sathish is homicidal one. Therefore point No 1 is
    answered in the Affirmative.

    51. Point No.2 :- The second aspect which has to be
    proved by the prosecution is the motive to cause death of
    Sathish on the part of the accused persons. It is the case
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    30

    of the prosecution that, the accused No.1 was having illicit
    relationship with accused No.2 and there were instances
    of accused No.1 eloping with accused No.2 to his village.
    In order to substantiate the same the prosecution has
    relied upon Ex.P.63 true copy of the complaint lodged by
    the deceased dated:25.04.2017. The contents of
    complainant indicates that, on 18.04.2017 when he came
    back from his work at 7:15 PM accused No.1 was missing
    from the house and a missing complaint was registered in
    Crime No.159/2017 of Yashwanthpura P.S. Further,
    Ex.P.53 to 55 call records produced by the prosecution
    indicates that, there was frequent exchange of calls
    between the accused No.1 and 2. The prosecution has also
    examined one Vinay who is the Nodal officer of Bharati
    Airtel Ltd., he has deposed that, he has furnished CDR of
    four mobile numbers pertaining to Accused No.1 and 2.
    Apart from the above the deposition of P.W.8 Munna
    indicates the fact that, he came to know that the accused
    No.1 was in enimical terms with her husband in
    connection with her illicit relationship with accused No.2.
    The evidence placed on record shows that, accused No.1
    was having an illicit relationship with accused No.2. It is
    further brought on record that the deceased had earlier
    lodged a missing complaint against accused No.1.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    31

    52. The prosecution has alleged that accused No.1 the
    wife of the deceased had developed an illicit relationship
    with accused No.2. The prosecution further contends that
    the deceased had objected to the said relationship and
    had even lodged a missing complaint against accused
    No.1 when she had left the matrimonial home which is
    established by the prosecution by producing Ex.P.63 and
    P.64. These circumstances supplied the motive for the
    commission of the offence. Though the several witnesses
    sited to establish the relationship between accused No.1
    and 2 have not fully supported the prosecution, the court
    cannot ignore the other evidence available on record. The
    prosecution has produced the call detail records which
    disclose frequent telephonic communication between
    accused No.1 and 2 immediately before and after the
    occurrence. The evidence also discloses that accused
    No.2 was found in close association with accused No.1
    during the investigation. The fact that the deceased had
    lodged a missing complaint against accused No.1
    immediately prior to the incident indicates that there was
    marital discord between the deceased and accused No.1.
    The existence of strained matrimonial relations is a
    relevant circumstance regarding motive. It is true that
    motive is a matter which often remains locked in the mind
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    32

    of the offender and direct evidence of motive may not
    always be available. The court is entitled to infer motive
    from the proved facts and attending circumstances.

    53. On perusal of all the above materials placed before
    the Court it indicates that, the prosecution has
    successfully established the existence of a motive for
    commission of the offence. Therefore point No 2 is
    answered in the Affirmative.

    54. Point No.3 to 5:- It is the specific case of the
    prosecution that, the accused No.1 being the wife of the
    deceased Sathish, had illicit relationship with accused
    No.2 and inconsequence of the same in furtherance of
    their common intension to cause death of Sathish, she
    administered sleeping pills and strangulated him with
    Chudidar pant due to which Sathish died. In order to
    prove the case of the Prosecution, the Prosecution cited
    C.W.1 Krupashankar who is the first informant in this
    case. Since, he passed away, his evidence could not be
    recorded. The prosecution has cited Kum.Likitha as
    C.W.20, as the eye witness to the incident. The
    prosecution has also cited C.W.15 to 19, 21, 23 and 24
    to prove the illicit relationship between accused No.1 and
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    33

    2. It is pertinent to note that, all the above witnesses who
    are the material witnesses to the case of the prosecution
    have turned hostile and not supported the case of the
    prosecution. Nothing worth material has been elicited
    during their cross examination by the Learned Public
    Prosecutor. Since the material witness to the case of the
    prosecution have not supported the case of the
    prosecution, this case is entirely based on circumstantial
    evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain whether
    the prosecution has proved circumstantial evidence like
    recovery of incriminating articles at the instance of the
    accused No.1, medical evidence proving homicidal death
    by strangulation, FSL report corroborating ligature
    strangulation, call detail records showing frequent
    contact between accused No.1 and accused No.2 prior
    and subsequent to the alleged incident and failure of
    accused No.1 to explain how the deceased who was in her
    company inside the house died.

    55. In order to prove the seizer of incriminating articles
    the prosecution has examined P.W.2 Nandakumar, who
    was a mahazar witness. In his examination in chief, he
    has stated that, on 24.05.2017 Yashwanthapura Police
    issued notice to him to accompany them as pancha during
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    34

    mahazar along with C.W.2 Balaji Singh. He has
    categorically stated that, he was taken to 1 st floor of the
    house situated at 7th cross, KM Badavane,
    Yashwanthapura, along with the accused No.1. He has
    categorically stated that, accused No.1 showed a mat, a
    pillow, an old cloth, a stone and a chudidar pant which
    were lying on the hall of the said house. He has also
    stated that, the accused showed the powder on paper near
    T.V. stand and an old mobile and the police have seized
    the same in his presence and packed and sealed them. He
    has also stated about the photograph taken in the said
    spot by the police, which are produced at Ex.P.3 and
    Ex.P.4. He has also identified the M.O.1 to 6 before the
    Court. A very important aspect to be considered in the
    evidence of P.W.2 is that, he has specifically deposed
    about the accused No.1 informing the police about the use
    of chudidar pant at M.O.1 to commit murder. He has also
    identified accused No.1 stating that her name is Kalpana,
    as the person who was present during the mahazar and
    seizer of the incriminating articles. During the cross-
    examination it is elicited that, when police issued the
    notice he was working in his work shop which is situated
    about a quarter kilometer away from the spot of the
    incident. This aspect indicates that, he is a natural
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    35

    witness. During the cross-examination by the counsel for
    the accused No.2 he has stated that, when he was taken
    to the spot, house was locked. After visualizing the spot
    and reading the contents of Ex.P.2 mahazar, he has
    signed the same. It is elicited that the sleeping tablet
    powder seized at the spot was white in colour.

    56. It is pertinent to note that during the cross-
    examination of P.W.2, the seizer of incriminating articles
    including the tablet powder has not been denied or
    disputed by the accused persons. It is interesting to note
    that, the deposition of P.W.2 to the effect that, accused
    No.1 having told about the use of chudidar pant to
    commit murder of the deceased has not been denied or
    disputed by the defence counsels during the cross
    examination. This aspect coupled with other attending
    circumstances assumes significant importance about the
    fact within the knowledge of the accused No 1.and
    disclosure of the same to the police in the presence of
    mahazer witness. Under these circumstances there is no
    impediment to accept the said oral testimony of P.W. 2.

    57. The prosecution has relied upon the recovery of
    M.O.1 to 6 as an important incriminating circumstance
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    36

    connecting the accused with the commission of the
    offence. The evidence of P.W.2 indicates that after the
    arrest of accused No.1 she voluntarily furnished
    information leading to the recovery of the material objects
    used for commission of offence. P.W.2 has deposed that
    accused No.1 was present when mahazar was drawn at
    the instance of accused no.1 and the incriminating
    articles were seized. The testimony of P.W.2 has remained
    substantially unshaken in the cross-examination. No
    material contradiction or omission has been elicited to
    discredit his evidence regarding the seizer of the
    incriminating materials at MO.1 to 6 and sleeping tablet
    powder. Though suggestions were made that, mahazar
    was created at the police station, the witness has denied
    the same. Nothing has been brought on record to show
    that P.W.2 had any animus against the accused or any
    reason to falsely implicate them.

    58. The evidence of P.W.2 finds material corroboration
    from the testimony of investigating officer. One Y.
    Muddaraja who was the investigating officer, is examined
    as P.W.31. In his examination in chief he has stated that,
    on 20.04.2017 accused No.1 was apprehended and
    produced before him. He arrested her and recorded her
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    37

    voluntary statement. He has further deposed that, the
    accused No.1 lead them to her residential house, situated
    at K.N Layout and showed her house situated on the 1 st
    floor on K.N Layout and produced M.O.1 to 6. The
    evidence of P.W.31 indicates that, after the voluntary
    statement of accused No.1, she lead the police and
    mahazar witnesses to the place of occurrence and
    produced incriminating articles which are seized at
    Ex.P.2. The investigating officer has identified the material
    objects and spoken regarding the procedure adopted
    while effecting the seizer. It is pertinent to note that, P.W.1
    who was also a mahazar witness had deposed in support
    of the seizer of the incriminating materials at the instance
    of the accused No.1 and her presence. P.W.1 expired
    before he could be cross examined. Consequently his
    testimony cannot be taken into consideration against the
    accused. Never the less the prosecution is not required to
    examine or rely upon multiple punch witnesses when the
    evidence of one reliable punch witness inspires
    confidence. The evidence of P.W.2 duly corroborated by
    the investigating officer, is sufficient to establish the
    recovery of the incriminating materials at the instance of
    the accused No.1.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    38

    59. At this stage, it is to be considered that, the alleged
    disclosure made by accused No.1 before the police that
    the chudidar pant was used to commit the murder is
    inadmissible in evidence being hit by Section 25 and 26
    of Indian Evidence Act. However, under section 27 of
    Indian Evidence Act, so much of the information supplied
    by an accused while in police custody as distinctly relates
    to the discovery of a fact is admissible. Therefore, while
    the alleged confession that, the chudirdar pant was used
    for strangulation cannot be relied upon, the discovery and
    recovery of M.O.3 pursuant to the information furnished
    by the accused No.1 is admissible and relevant.

    60. In the ruling reported in AIR 1947 PC 67 in the
    case of Pulukuri Kottaya V/s Emperor it is
    authoritatively explained the scope of Section 27 of
    Evidence Act and held that, only that portion of the
    information which distinctly relates to the fact there by
    discovered is admissible, where as the confessional
    portion remains inadmissible.

    61. In the ruling reported in (2000) 6 SCC 269 in the
    case of State of Maharastra V/s Damu and others, it is
    held that,
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    39

    “The basic idea embedded in section 27 of
    the Evidence Act is the doctrine of
    confirmation by subsequent events. The
    doctrine is found on the principle that if any
    fact is discovered in a search made on the
    strength of any information obtained from a
    prisoner, such a discovery is a guarantee
    that the information applied by the prisoner
    is true. The information might be
    confessional or non inculpatory in nature,
    but if it results in discovery of a fact it
    becomes a reliable information. Hence the
    legislature permitted such information to be
    used as evidence by restricting the
    admissible portion to the minimum. Recovery
    of an object is not discovery of a fact as
    envisaged in the section. The “fact
    discovered” envisaged in the section
    embraces the place from which the object
    was produced, the knowledge of the accused
    as to it, but the information given must relate
    distinctly to that effect. No doubt, the
    information permitted to be admitted in
    evidence is confined to that portion of the
    information which “distinctly relates to the
    fact thereby discovered’. But the information
    to get admissibility need not be so truncated
    as to make it insensible or
    incomprehensible”.

    62. The Hon’ble Apex Court observed that, the discovery
    of a material object pursuant to the voluntary statement
    of an accused is a relevant and admissible circumstance
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    40

    under section 27 of the Evidence Act and may furnish an
    important link in the chain of circumstantial evidence.

    63. The learned defence counsel has advanced his
    arguments and contended that the recovery looses its
    significance because no independent witnesses have
    supported the case of the prosecution. Thought I find
    some force in the arguments advanced by the learned
    defence counsel, his contentions cannot be accepted. It is
    well settled that, testimony of a police officer cannot be
    discarded merely because he belongs to the investigating
    agency. If the evidence of the investigating officer is found
    to be reliable and receives corroboration from an
    independent witness, there is no legal impediment in
    acting upon such evidence. During the cross-examination
    of P.W.31 who is the investigating officer, it is elicited that,
    the crime spot was intact till preparation of spot mahazar
    and door was locked and the key of the said house was in
    the possession of accused No.1. Immediately after entering
    the crime scene he seized the articles from the spot on the
    basis of the voluntary statement given by the accused.
    Therefore, the planting of any incriminating materials is
    ruled out. Except suggestions, nothing has been elicited
    during the cross-examination of P.W.31 by the counsels
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    41

    for accused persons so as to discredit the evidence of
    P.W.31 who is the investigating officer.

    In a ruling reported in (2012) 4 SCC 722 in
    the case of Govindaraju @ Govinda V/s
    State by Srirampuram P.S. & another the
    Hon’ble Apex Court held that, “there is no rule
    of law that, the evidence of a police officer
    must necessarily be corroborated by
    independent witnesses. If the evidence of the
    investigating officer is trustworthy and
    inspires confidence, the Court can safely rely
    upon it. In the said case it is held that, it
    cannot be stated as a rule that a police officer
    can or cannot be sole eyewitness in a
    criminal case which will always depend upon
    facts of a given case – If testimony of such a
    witness is reliable, trustworthy, cogent and
    duly corroborated by other witnesses or
    admissible evidence, then statement of such
    witness cannot be discarded only on ground
    that he is a police officer and may have some
    interest in success of the case – Only when
    his interest in success of case is motivated by
    over zealousness to an extent of his involving
    innocent people, then, no credibility can be
    attached to his statement – Presumption that
    a person acts honestly applies as much in
    favour of a police office as in respect of other
    persons and it is not proper to distrust and
    suspect him without there being good
    grounds thereof”

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    42

    64. Under these circumstances, when the principles laid
    down in the above said ruling is applies to the case on
    hand, I find no reason to disbelieve the evidence of
    P.W.31.

    65. In the present case the recovery M.O.1 to 6 is not the
    sole circumstance relied upon by the prosecution. It is
    corroborated by the medical evidence proving homicidal
    strangulation, the FSL report detecting Alprazolam in the
    viscere of the deceased, the call detail records showing
    frequent communication between accused No.1 and
    accused No.2 and the admitted presence of accused No.1
    with the deceased in the matrimonial home, immediately
    before the occurrence. Thus, the recovery of the
    incriminating articles constitutes a significant link in the
    chain of circumstantial evidence. Although, the alleged
    confession made by the accused No.1 to the police is
    inadmissible except to the limited extent permissible
    under section 27 of Evidence Act, the fact of recovery itself
    duly established through the cogent evidence of P.W.2 and
    P.W.31. Accordingly, this Court holds that, the
    prosecution has successfully proved the recovery of M.O.1
    to 6 and sleeping pill powder pursuant to the information
    furnished by accused No.1.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    43

    66. The next aspect to be considered is that of medical
    evidence. In support of their case and to establish the
    injury sustained by the deceased and the cause of death
    the prosecution got examined Dr.Jayantha S.H. as PW.26.
    He is the person who has conducted postmortem
    examination on the dead body of the deceased. The
    evidence of DW.26 assumes considerable significance as it
    establishes the nature and cause of death. PW.26 has
    deposed that on external examination of the dead body he
    noticed an oblique ligature mark measuring 15cm
    appellant 5 cm over the front and sides of the neck
    running upwards and backwards towards the nape of the
    neck. He also noticed multiple abraded contusions over
    the neck and lips and multiple contusions over both
    upper limbs. On external examination he found blood
    extravasation in to the subcutaneous tissues and strap
    mussels over the right side of the neck, hemorrhage in to
    the right sternocleidomastoid mussel, hemorrhage
    involving the posterior aspect of the hypo-pharynx,
    trachea and esophagus and fracture of the left greater
    cornua of hyoid bone. These findings have been duly
    incorporated in the postmortem report marked as Ex.P.40.
    PW.6 has categorically opined that the deceased died due
    to asphyxia as a result of ligature strangulation and the
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    44

    death was homicidal in nature. During the course of
    cross examination, the defense has not been able to elicit
    any material contradiction or inconsistency so as to
    discredit the medical opinion. No suggestion has been put
    to PW.26 that the injuries found on the body could have
    been self inflicted or accidental. The medical opinion
    therefore has remained unshaken.

    67. The fracture of hyoid bone, hemorrhage in to the
    neck mussel, blood extravasation beneath the ligature
    mark and congestion of the surrounding tissues clearly
    indicate forceful compression of the neck during the
    lifetime of deceased. These injuries are wholly inconsistent
    with natural death and are characteristic of homicidal
    ligature strangulation. The medical evidence completely
    rules out the possibility of accidental death or suicidal
    hanging. The nature and location of the ligature mark,
    coupled with the internal injuries noticed by PW.26
    unmistakably establish that considerable external force
    was applied to the neck of the deceased. Though attempt
    made by the defense counsel to discredit the evidence of
    PW.26, his oral testimony remained unshaken. It is
    pertinent to note that such external force cannot be
    applied by a single person while strangulating the
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    45

    deceased. Therefore this aspect clearly indicates the
    involvement of more than one person in the act of
    strangulating the deceased. Therefore, these aspects
    clearly indicates that presence of and involvement of
    accused No.2 along with accused No.1. On perusal of the
    above the court finds that the testimony of PW.26 is clear,
    cogent and wholly trustworthy. His evidence conclusively
    establishes that the deceased met with homicidal death
    due to ligature strangulation.

    68. The prosecution examined Dr.Vinod J Lakkappan as
    PW.32. He is the Director, DNA Section, FSL Bangalore
    who subjected MO 1 to 6 and tablet powder to chemical
    examination. The prosecution examined him to establish
    the scientific evidence collected during the course of
    investigation. PW.32 has deposed that he received six
    sealed articles for chemical examination namely sealed
    paper containing tablet powder, stomach and its contents,
    portion of small intestine, portion of liver, portion of
    kidney and blood sample. After conducting chemical
    analysis he detected the presence of Alprazolam in articles
    1
    , 2, 3, 4 and 6 and accordingly issued chemical
    examination report at Ex.P.41. PW.32 has further
    deposed that the seals found on the articles were intact at
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    46

    the time of receipt and tallied with the specimen seal
    forwarded by the investigating officer. The defense has
    not disputed the integrity of the seals or the scientific
    methodology adopted by PW.32. During the cross
    examination nothing has been elicited so as to cast any
    doubt on the correctness of the opinion expressed by
    PW.32. His testimony has remained consistent and
    corroborates with Ex.P.41. He has denied all the
    suggestions put by the counsel for accused in so for as the
    manner of arriving at conclusion is concerned.

    69. The evidence of PW.32 and Ex.P.41 establishes that
    traces of Alprazolam were detected not merely in the tablet
    powder recovered during investigation but also in the
    stomach contents, intestine, liver and blood of the
    deceased. The scientific findings therefore establish that
    the deceased was administered Alprazolam before his
    death. This assumes much importance for the reason that
    prosecution has successfully proved the recovery of tablet
    powder from the house of accused no 2 at her instance
    which is not disputed by the defence specifically.

    70. The prosecution has examined Sri.Mohan as PW.3
    and Sri.Mojisha as PW.4 in order to prove the mahazar
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    47

    drawn in the medical shop where the accused No.2
    purchased the sleeping pills. PW.3 in his examination in
    chief has categorically stated that in the year 2017 one
    day at 10:00 p.m when he was returning to his home and
    reached near Sindhu Jnanica medical store he saw the
    gathering of persons and police and went to the shop. At
    that time accused No.2 was present along with the police.
    The police conducted mahazar and he came to know that
    the accused No.2 purchased some medicine from CW.9.
    He has also identified mahazar at Ex.P.5 and his
    signature at Ex.P.5(a). PW.4 who is another mahazar
    witness also stated in the same manner as that of PW.3
    and during the cross examination by learned Public
    Prosecutor he has identified accused No.2 before the
    Court, but PW.3 and 4 have not supported the
    prosecution during the cross examination. Now, it is to be
    seen whether the portion of the oral testimony of PW.3
    and 4 can be taken into consideration so as to believe
    their testimony regarding their presence during the
    mahazar and the identification of accused No.2 is
    concerned. At this juncture it is worthwhile to go through
    a judgment reported in (2012) 4 SCC 722 in the case of
    Govindaraju @ Govinda Vs State by Srirampuram police
    station and another, wherein it is held that:

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    48

    ” it is not always necessary that wherever
    the witness turns hostile, the prosecution
    case must fail. Firstly, the part of the
    statement of such hostile witnesses that
    supports the case of the prosecution can
    always be taken into consideration.
    Secondly where the sole witness is any eye
    witness who can give a graphic account of
    the events which she had witnessed, with
    some precision cogently and if such a
    statement is corroborated by other evidence,
    documentary or otherwise then such
    statement in face of the hostile witness can
    still be a ground for holding the accused
    guilty of the crime that was committed. The
    court has to act with greater caution and
    accept such evidence with greater degree of
    care in order to ensure that justice alone is
    done. The evidence so considered should
    unequivocally point towards the guilt of the
    accused.”

    71. Applying the afore said principles to the present case
    this court finds that the portion of the testimony of PW.3
    and 4 deposed in favour of the prosecution can be believed
    for the reason that there is no testimony to the effect that
    whatever stated by them during the examination in chief
    is not true and the said testimony establishes the
    mahazar drawn as per Ex.P.5. Therefore, the scientific
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    49

    evidence and the connecting circumstances has been
    proved by the prosecution.

    72. At this juncture it is necessary to go through a ruling
    reported in (2015) 2 SCC 662 in the case of Selvaraj @
    Chinnapaiyan Vs State
    represented by Inspector of Police
    wherein it is held that:

    ” It is settled principle of law that benefit of
    reasonable doubt is required to be given to the
    accused only if the reasonable doubt emerges out
    from the evidence on record. Merely for the reason
    that the witnesses have turned hostile in their cross
    examination, the testimony in examination in chief
    cannot be outright discarded provided the same
    (statement in examination in chief supporting
    prosecution) is corroborated from the other evidence
    on record. In other words, if the court finds from the
    two different statements made by the same
    accused, only one of the two is believable, and what
    has been stated in the cross examination is false,
    even if the witnesses have turned hostile, the
    conviction can be recorded believing the testimony
    given by such witnesses in the examination in chief.
    However, such evidence is required to be examined
    with great caution.”

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    50

    73. It is also worthwhile to mention the ruling reported
    in 2009 SCC Online KAR 624 in the case of Krishna Vs
    State of Karnataka
    wherein it is held that :

    ” On a careful reading of the evidence of these
    PWs 2 to 4 in their cross examination, it could be
    seen that they have stated therein quite contrary to
    what they stated in their examination in chief. It is
    pertinent to note that the evidence of these three
    witnesses in their examination in chief falls in line
    with the allegations in Ex.P1/complaint and also the
    evidence of PW.1/complainant. It is not the case of
    the appellant accused that these PWs 2 to 4 stated
    in their examination in chief the facts which they
    did not state before the IO in their respective
    statements recorded by him during the investigation
    of the case. Thus, it is clear that what all they have
    stated in their examination in chief before the court,
    was stated by them before the IO at the earliest
    opportunity; in their statements recorded by him
    during investigation. In this view of the matter, I am
    of the considered opinion that where a witness fully
    supports the prosecution case in his examination in
    chief as to any material and relevant fact that turns
    hostile to the prosecution in his cross examination
    made on behalf of the accused on a later date and
    states contrary to his evidence in his examination in
    chief as to the said fact/the evidence of such hostile
    witnesses in his examination in chief has to be
    accepted as true if it is not shown that what he
    stated in his examination in chief has to the said
    fact was not stated by him at the earliest
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    51

    opportunity in his statement recorded under Section
    161
    of Code of Criminal Procedure by the
    investigating officer during the investigation of the
    case.

    74. It is settled law that evidence of hostile witnesses can be
    relied upon by the prosecution to the extent to which it
    supports the prosecution version of the incident. The evidence
    of such witnesses cannot be treated as washed off the records,
    it remains admissible in trial and there is no legal bar to base
    conviction of the accused upon such testimony, if
    corroborated by other reliable evidence. In the case on hand
    PW.3 and PW.4 have clearly stated regarding the mahazar
    drawn in Sindu Gnanica medical and general store and also
    regarding the presence of accused No.2 and his identification
    which is corroborated by the evidence of investigating officer.
    Though they have given a go bye to the case of the prosecution
    during the cross examination, it is not their case that they
    have not given any statement under Section 161 of CrPC to the
    investigating officer as stated by them in their examination in
    chief. The investigating officer has also stated that the
    witnesses have given statement before him. Under these
    circumstances, by no stretch of imagination, the evidence of
    PW.3 and 4 given during examination in chief can be discarded
    and it can be a basis for conviction since the evidence of the
    doctor, scientific officer of FSL and investigating officer clearly
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    52

    corroborates the version of PW.3 and 4 and also the facts and
    circumstances under which the deceased died. Under these
    circumstances, there is no hesitation to rely upon the evidence
    of PW.3 and 4 in order to convict the accused persons.

    75. The medical evidence of PW.26 and scientific
    evidence of PW.32 are consistent to each other and
    mutually corroborative. While the medical evidence
    conclusively establishes that the death was homicidal due
    to ligature strangulation, the forensic evidence establishes
    that the deceased was administered Alprazolam prior to
    his death. The prosecution was able to establish the role
    of accused No.2 in purchase of sleeping tablets through
    the evidence of PW.3 and 4. The scientific detection of
    Alprazolam in the viscera remains an independently
    established circumstance. This court therefore accepts the
    circumstances relating to purchase of the tablets and also
    the scientific fact that Alprazolam was present in the body
    of the deceased. The combined effect of the medical and
    forensic evidence completely rules out the possibility of
    accidental or natural death and strongly supports the
    prosecution case that the deceased was first administered
    a sedative and thereafter intentionally strangulated to
    death. These two circumstances constitute strong and
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    53

    reliable links in the chain of circumstantial evidence and
    lend substantial assurance to the prosecution case.

    76. The prosecution has produced the call detail records
    pertaining to the mobile phones of accused No.1 and 2,
    the records reveal that there were repeated telephonic
    conversations between the accused immediately prior to
    the occurrence and also subsequent to the incident.
    Though call records by themselves cannot establish the
    commission of murder, they constitute a significant
    incriminating circumstance when read along with other
    evidence. Frequent communication between accused No.1
    and 2 immediately before and after the occurrence as
    depicted in Ex.P.53 to 55 lends assurance to the
    prosecution case regarding their close association and
    coordination. The accused have not disputed ownership or
    use of mobile numbers reflected in call detail record. No
    explanation has been offered regarding unusual frequency
    of communication during the relevant period. Thus the
    call detail records corroborate the prosecution case
    regarding intimacy between the accused No.1 and 2 and
    constitute one of the circumstances completing the chain
    of evidence.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    54

    77. The prosecution has contended that the deceased
    was last seen alive in the company of accused No.1 who is
    none other than his wife. The occurrence admittedly took
    place inside the matrimonial house during the night. The
    defense has not disputed that the accused No.1 was
    residing with the deceased or that she was present in the
    house at the relevant time. There is also no suggestion
    that any third person other than accused No.1 and 2
    entered the house during the intervening night. The
    evidence on record establishes that the deceased was alive
    when he retired for the night in the company of accused
    No.1 and children. On the following day, he was found
    dead inside the house. The postmortem evidence
    establishes that the death was homicidal and caused by
    ligature strangulation. Thus, the time gap between the
    deceased being alive with accused No.1 and his homicidal
    death is too narrow that the possibility of any other
    person committing the offence is rendered highly
    improbable. Though there is no independent witnesses
    who have seen accused No.1 and 2 actually committing
    the murder, the prosecution is not required to produce
    direct evidence in every case. In offences committed
    within the privacy of a dwelling house, direct evidence is
    seldom available. The surrounding circumstances
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    55

    assume great significance. The defense has not offered
    any explanation as to how the deceased sustained
    homicidal injuries while he was admittedly inside the
    house with accused No.1. The silence of accused No.1 in
    this regard becomes an additional circumstance under
    Section 106 of Indian Evidence Act after the prosecution
    has proved the foundational facts. Therefore, this court
    holds that the prosecution has successfully established
    the circumstance that the deceased was last seen alive in
    the company of accused No.1 inside the matrimonial
    home shortly before his homicidal death.

    78. It is not in dispute that accused No.1 was the wife of
    the deceased and was residing with him in a rented
    house. The prosecution has consistently maintained that
    the occurrence took place inside the house during the
    night. The defense has not disputed the presence of
    accused No.1 with the deceased on the relevant night. The
    accused No 1 has not offered any explanation as to how
    her husband sustained fatal ligature strangulation while
    in her company. Once the prosecution has established
    that the deceased died a homicidal death inside the house
    where accused No.1 was admittedly present, the burden
    shifts upon the accused No.1 to explain the circumstances
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    56

    under which the deceased sustained fatal injuries. These
    are facts especially within her knowledge.

    79. At this juncture it is worthwhile to refer to a ruling
    reported in (2006) 12 SCC 254 in the case of State of
    Rajasthan Vs Kashi Ram
    wherein it is held that:

    ” Whether an inference ought to be drawn under
    Section 106 Evidence Act is a question which
    must be determined by reference to proved fact.
    It is ultimately a matter of appreciation of
    evidence and, therefore, each case must rest on
    its own facts.

    The provisions of Section 106 of the Evidence Act
    itself are unambiguous and categoric in laying
    down that when any fact is especially within the
    knowledge of a person, the burden of proving
    that fact is upon him. Thus, if a person is last
    seen with the deceased, he must offer an
    explanation as to how and when he parted
    company with the deceased. He must furnish an
    explanation which appears to the court to be
    probable and satisfactory. If he does so he must
    be held to have discharged his burden. If he
    fails to offer an explanation on the basis of facts
    within his special knowledge, he fails to
    discharge the burden cast upon him by Section
    106
    of the Evidence Act probable and a
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    57

    satisfactory. If he does so he must be held to
    have discharged his burden. If he fails to offer
    an explanation on the basis of facts within his
    special knowledge , he fails to discharge the
    burden cast upon him by Section 106 of the
    Evidence Act.

    In a case resting on circumstantial evidence if
    the accused fails to offer a reasonable
    explanation in discharge of the burden placed on
    him, that itself provides an additional link in the
    chain of circumstances proved against him.
    Section 106 does not shift the burden of proof in
    a criminal trial, which is always upon the
    prosecution. It lays down the rule that when the
    accused does not throw any light upon facts
    which are especially within his knowledge and
    which could not support any theory or
    hypothesis compatible with his innocence, the
    Court can consider his failure to adduce any
    explanation, as an additional link which
    completes the chain.

    Against the circumstance relied upon by the
    prosecution the respondent was obliged to
    furnish some explanation in defence. He could
    have explained where he written statement
    during this period from 4/2/1998 to 17/2/1998,
    or he could have furnished any other explanation
    to prove his innocence. A question, therefore,
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    58

    arises whether the presumption under Section
    106
    of the Evidence Act may be drawn against
    the respondent in the facts of the case, since the
    facts as to where he was during the relevant
    period and when he parted company with the
    deceased, were matters within his special
    knowledge the burden of proving which was cast
    upon him by law. Since, the respondent failed to
    do so, it must be held that he failed to discharge
    the burden cast upon him by Section 106 of the
    Evidence Act. This circumstance, therefore,
    provided the missing link in the chain of
    circumstances which proved his guilt beyond
    reasonable doubt.”

    80. In her examination under Section 313 of CrPC
    accused No.1 has not offered any possible explanation
    regarding the homicidal death of her husband. She has
    merely denied the incriminating circumstances. A bare
    denial cannot discharge the burden cast by Section 106 of
    Indian Evidence Act. This unexplained circumstance
    becomes an additional incriminating link in the chain of
    circumstances against the accused to make it complete.
    This view is supported by the ruling reported in (2006)10
    SCC 681 in the case of Trimukh Maroti Kiran V/s.
    State of Maharashtra it is held that:

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    59

    ” The demand for dowry or money from the parent
    of the bride has shown a phenomenal increase I
    the last few years. Cases are frequently coming
    before the courts, whee the husband or in -laws
    have gone to the extent of killing the bride if the
    demand is not met. These crimes are generally
    committed in complete secrecy inside the house
    and it becomes very difficult for the prosecution to
    lad evidence. If an offence takes place inside the
    privacy of a house and in such circumstances
    where the assailants have all the opportunity to
    plan and commit the offence at the time and in
    circumstances of their choice, it wold be extremely
    difficult for the prosecution to lead evidence to
    establish the guilt of the accused if the strict
    principle of circumstantial evidence is insisted
    upon by the courts. A judge does not preside over
    a criminal trial merely to see that no innocent man
    is punished. A judge also presides to see that a
    guilty man does not escape. The law does not
    enjoin a duty on the prosecution to lead evidence
    of such character which is almost impossible to be
    led or at any rate extremely difficult to be led. The
    duty on the prosecution is to lead such evidence
    which it is capable of leading, having regard to the
    facts ad c circumstances of the case. Here it is
    necessary to keep in mind Section 106 of the
    Evidence Act which says that when any fact is
    especially within the knowledge of a person, the
    burden of proving that fact is upon him.
    Illustration(b) appended to this section throws
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    60

    come light on the content and scope of this
    provision.

    Sirland V. Director of Public Prosecutions 1994 AC
    315: (1944)2 All ER 13 (HL); State of Punjab Vs
    Karnail Singh
    , (2003) 11 SCC 271 : 2004 SCC (cri)
    135, relied on

    Where an offence like murder is committed in
    secrecy inside a house, the initial burden to
    establish the case would undoubtedly be upon the
    prosecution, but the nature and amount of evidence
    to be led by it to establish the charge cannot be of
    the same degree as is required in other cases of
    circumstantial evidence. The burden would be of a
    comparatively lighter character. In view of Section
    106
    of the Evidence Act there will be a
    corresponding burden on the inmates of the house
    to give a cogent explanation as to how the crime
    was committed. The inmates of the house cannot
    get away by simply keeping quiet and offering no
    explanation on the supposed premise that the
    burden to establish its case lies entirely upon the
    prosecution and there is no duty at all on an
    accused to offer any explanation.

    Collector of Customs V. D.Bhoormall, (1974) 2 SCC
    544: 1974 SCC (Cri) 784 : AIR 1974 SC 859;

    Balram Prasad Agrawal V. State of Bihar, (1977( 9
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    61

    SCC 338: 1997 SCC (Cri) 612 : AIR 1997 SC 1830 :

    State of W.B. V. Mir Mohd. Omar (2008) 8 SCC
    382 : 2000 SCC (Cri) 1516 ; Ram Gulam
    Chaudhary V. State of Bihar
    (2001) 8 SCC 311 :

    2001 SCC (Cri) 1546 relied on

    Blatch V. Archer, (1774) 1 Cowp 63 : 98 ER 969,

    In a case based on circumstantial evidence where
    no eyewitness account is available, there is another
    principle of law which must be kept in mind. The
    principle is that when an incriminating
    circumstance is put to the accused and the said
    accused wither offers no explanation or offers an
    explanation which is found to be untrue, then the
    same becomes an additional link in the chain of
    circumstances to make it compete.

    State of T.N. V. Rajendran, (1999)8 SCC 679 : 2000
    SCC (Cri) 40; State of U.P. V. Dr.Ravindra Prakash
    Mittal
    , (1992) 3 SCC 300: 1992 SCC (Cri) 642 : AIR
    1992 SC 2045; State of Maharashtra V. Suresh,
    (2000) 1 SCC 471: 2000 SCC (Cri) 263; Ganesh Lal
    V. State of Rajasthan
    , (2002) 1 SCC 731: 2002 SCC
    (Cri) 247: Gulab Chand V. State of M.P., (1995) 3
    SCC 574: 1995 SCC (Cri) 552, relied on

    Where an accused is alleged to have committed the
    murder of his wife and the prosecution succeeds in
    leading evidence to show that shortly before the
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    62

    commission of crime they were seen together or the
    offence takes place in the dwelling home where the
    husband also normally resided, it has been
    consistently held that if the accused does not offer
    any explanation how the wife received injuries or
    offers an explanation which is found to be false, it
    is a strong circumstance which indicates that he is
    responsible for commission of the crime.”

    81. This circumstance read with the medical evidence,
    forensic evidence and recoveries, call detail records,
    motive and failure of accused No.1 to explain the death,
    constitutes a complete chain of circumstances pointing
    unerringly towards the guilt of the accused and excludes
    every reasonable hypothesis consistent with their
    innocence.

    82. Another important aspect to be noted is that of the
    presence of accused No.2 during the incident. As per the
    available materials on record the deceased fell asleep at
    12:30 a.m. on 23/05/2017. The FIR indicates that the
    incident of strangulation took place at about 1:00 a.m.
    This aspect is corroborated by the call records produced
    at Ex.P.53 to P.55. Ex.P.53 clearly indicates that there
    were constant exchange of calls between accused No.1
    and 2 on 22/5/2017 from 2:40 p.m. till 11:35 p.m.
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    63

    Further there were constant exchange of calls between
    accused No.1 and 2 on 23/5/2017 from 12:23 a.m. to
    12:29 a.m. It is pertinent to note that no calls were
    exchanged from 12:29 a.m. to 2:36 a.m. The incident of
    strangulation took place in between 12:29 to 2:36 a.m.
    Since there was no exchange of calls it clearly indicates
    the presence of accused No.2 in the house of accused
    No.1. Due to his presence there was no calls exchanged
    in between 12:29 a.m. to 2:36 a.m. Similarly Ex.P.31 also
    discloses that no calls were exchanged in between 12:30
    a.m. to 2:26 a.m. inspite of constant calls exchanged
    earlier. This is a strong circumstance which indicates the
    presence of the accused in the house of accused No.1
    during the alleged incident. Apart from the above Ex.P.63
    throws light on the allegation against the accused No.2.
    Ex.P.36 is the complaint lodged by the deceased on
    25/04/2017 regarding missing of his wife i.e., accused
    No.1. In the said complaint the deceased had expressed
    doubt against Javeed i.e, accused No.2. The said
    complaint came to be registered in Cr.No.159/2017.
    Further Ex.P.12 inquest report indicates that he sustained
    injury on both cheeks and contusion over both the arms
    which is the indication of use of considerable force. The
    said force cannot be applied by the accused No.1 alone
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    64

    without the help and assistance of accused No.2. Under
    these circumstances, the prosecution is able to establish
    that accused No.2 equally took part in the alleged act
    along with accused No.1 by producing the call details.
    Therefore, the available materials on record clearly reveals
    the participation of accused No.2 in the alleged crime.

    83. In so for as the offence alleged under Section 201
    and 204 are concerned the prosecution has failed to
    establish that the accused destroyed the SIM Card. The
    mahazar witnesses who have been examined by the
    prosecution have turned hostile to the case of the
    prosecution. The investigation officer could not secure the
    said SIM card alleged to have been damaged by the
    accused No.1. There are also no positive evidence to
    demonstrate that the accused No.1 caused disappearance
    of evidence with the intention of screening the accused
    No.2 form legal punishment. There is no positive evidence
    in this regard produced by the prosecution. Therefore,
    there are no materials on record to conclude that the
    accused No.1 and 2 have committed the offence
    punishable under Section 201 and 204 read with 34 of
    IPC. Therefore, point No.3 is answered in the
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    65

    Affirmative and point No.4 and 5 are answered in the
    Negative.

    84. POINT No.6:- In view of findings given on point
    No.1 to 5 this Court pass the following order.

    ORDER

    Acting under section 235(2) of Code of
    Criminal Procedure, accused No.1/Kalpana
    and accused No.2/Javeed @ Javeed Basha
    are found guilty of the offences punishable
    under Sections 302 read with 34 of Indian
    Penal Code
    .

    Acting under Section 235(1) of Code of
    Criminal Procedure accused No.1 and 2 are
    not found guilty of the offences punishable
    under Section 201, 204 read with 34 of
    Indian Penal Code.

    To hear on sentence.

    (Dictated to the Stenographer Grade-I online, typed by
    him directly, corrected and then pronounced by me in the
    Open Court on this 4th day of July, 2026)

    (JAYAPRAKASH . A)
    LXVI Addl. City Civil & Sessions Judge,
    Bengaluru
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    66

    ORDER ON SENTENCE

    Heard the learned Public Prosecutor and the learned
    counsels appearing for accused Nos.1 and 2 and also accused No.1
    and 2 on the question of sentence as contemplated under Section
    235(2)
    of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

    The learned Public Prosecutor submitted that the prosecution
    has proved beyond reasonable doubt that accused No.1 and 2 in
    furtherance of their common intention, intentionally committed the
    murder of deceased. It is contended that accused No.1 being the
    wife of the deceased, betrayed the trust reposed in her by
    administering sleeping tablets mixed with food and there after with
    the active assistance of accused No.2 strangulated the deceased
    with a chudidhar pant. It is further submitted that the murder was
    premeditated, committed inside the house where the deceased
    expected safety and therefore calls for the imposition of the
    maximum punishment prescribed under law.

    The learned defense counsel on the other hand prayed for leniency.
    The accused No.1 submits that she has 22 years old daughter who
    is pursuing MBA and son aged 10 years and there is no one to
    lookafter them. She has further submitted that his 10 years old
    son is suffering from respiratory disease and tonsils and he require
    treatment every month and he has to consume medicine every day.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    67

    Since there is nobody to lookafter them it is just and proper to
    direct the District Child Protection Officer to provide medical
    assistance to the 10 years old son of accused No.1 by name
    Keerthan Krishna. It is submitted that accused No.1 and 2 have
    no previous criminal antecedents, are not habitual offenders and
    have remained in judicial custody during the trial. It is further
    contended that the case rests upon circumstantial evidence and not
    on direct eye witness testimony. Therefore, it is prayed that a
    lenient view be taken while imposing the sentence.

    It is pertinent to note that the sentence must be proportionate
    to the gravity of the offence while balancing the rights of the
    accused, the interest of the victims family and the interest of
    society. The punishment imposed should neither be unduly harsh
    nor disproportionately lenient.

    The prosecution has not sought for the imposition of the
    death penalty. Nevertheless, this court is duty bond to examine
    whether the present case falls within the category of the rarest of
    rare cases warranting capital punishment. In the present case all
    though the murder was deliberate and pre-planned the prosecution
    has not placed any material to show that the accused are habitual
    offenders or that there exists no possibility of their reformation.
    There is also no evidence of previous criminal antecedents. The
    case, though grave, does not satisfy the stringent tests laid down by
    the Hon’ble Apex Court for the imposition of capital punishment.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    68

    Accordingly, this court is of the considered opinion that the present
    case does not fall within the category of the rarest of rare cases
    warranting the death sentence.

    Now it is just and necessary to consider the aggravating
    circumstance and the mitigating circumstances. On perusal of the
    materials placed before the court and having heard the accused
    persons the following aggravating circumstances emerge from the
    evidence;

    Aggravating Circumstances:

    i) The deceased was the husband of accused No.1 and the offence
    involved a grave breach of marital trust.

    ii) The murder was committed inside the house, where the
    deceased was entitled to feel secure.

    Iii) the evidence indicates prior planning, including the
    administration of Alprazolam before the act of strangulating.

    iv) The homicidal act was executed in concert by both accused,
    attracting Section 34 of IPC.

    v) After rendering the deceased incapable of resistance, he was
    strangulated and assaulted, reflecting determination to ensure his
    death.

    S.C.No.1230/2017
    69

    The mitigating circumstances are:

    i) There is no material to show that either accused has any
    previous criminal antecedents.

    ii) The prosecution has not established that the accused are
    beyond the possibility of reform and rehabilitation.

    iii) The conviction is based on a complete chain of circumstantial
    evidence rather than direct eye witness testimony. While this does
    not diminish the legal validity of the conviction, it is a relevant
    consideration in choosing between the two statutorily prescribed
    punishment for murder.

    Having balanced the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and
    applying the sentencing principles laid down by the Hon’ble Apex
    Court, this Court is of the opinion that the ends of justice would be
    met by imposing the sentence of imprisonment for life along with a
    substantial fine.

    Having regard to nature of the offence and the loss suffered by the
    legal heirs of the deceased it is appropriate to award compensation
    under Section 357(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. It is a
    peculiar case wherein the daughter was cited as eye witness to the
    incident and she is examined as PW.14. She was aged 12 years as
    on the date of incident. Though she has turned hostile, it is natural
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    70

    that she being a daughter would not depose against her own
    mother. Under these peculiar circumstances though she has
    turned hostile, considering the facts that there is no one else to
    lookafter them and she has to lookafter her younger brother and
    they have no source of income, this court is of the considered
    opinion that though she has turned hostile she along with her
    brother have to be suitably compensated for the death of their
    father. Therefore, it is just and proper to recommend to the District
    Legal Services Authority, Bangalore Urban to award compensation
    to both the children of deceased considering as a special case.
    Therefore, I proceed to pass the following:

    ORDER
    Acting under Section 235(2) Cr.P.C. accused
    Nos.1 and 2 are convicted for the offence
    punishable under Section 302 read with 34 of
    Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo
    imprisonment for life and further the accused No.1
    and 2 shall pay fine of Rs.25,000/- each for the
    offence punishable under Section 302 read with
    section 34 of IPC.

    In default to pay fine, accused Nos.1 and 2
    shall further undergo simple imprisonment for a
    period of one year.

    The accused No.1 and 2 are entitled to the
    benefit of Section 428 CrPC and the period of
    detention already undergone during investigation,
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    71

    inquiry and trial shall be set off against the
    substantive sentence of imprisonment.

    Accused Nos.1 and 2 are acquitted of the
    offences punishable under Section 201 and 204
    read with 34 of Indian Penal Code.

    MO.1 to 10 are ordered to be destroyed after
    the expiry of the appeal period in accordance with
    law.

    A recommendation is hereby made to the
    District Legal Services Authority, Bangalore Urban
    to award compensation to the children of the
    deceased under Section 357(1) of Code of Criminal
    Procedure.

    District Child Protection Officer is directed to
    provide financial assistance to the minor child of
    accused No.1 under single parent scheme and
    provide medical assistance to the child. The
    Member Secretary of the District Legal Services
    Authority is requested to monitor the providing of
    the assistance by the District Child Protection
    Officer to the minor child by obtaining report as
    and when necessary from District Child Protection
    Officer.

    Free copy of this judgment shall be furnished
    to each of the accused Nos.1 and 2 and office is
    directed to forward a copy of this judgment to
    Member Secretary, DLSA for further action
    forthwith.

    LXVI Addl. CC & SJ Judge,
    Bengaluru
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    72

    ANNEXURE

    LIST OF WITNESSES EXAMINED BY THE PROSECUTION:-

        PW.1    Balaji Singh
        PW.2    Nandakumar
        PW.3    Mohan
        PW.4    Mojisha
        PW.5    Ramakrishna
        PW.6    Vimal Kumar
        PW.7    Nagaraju
        PW.8    Munna
        PW.9    Mohammed Siraj
        PW.10   Nagaraju
        PW.11   Mohaboobsab
        PW.12   Harish
        PW.13   Chandrashekar
        PW.14   Likith
        PW.15   Babujan
        PW.16   Maya
        PW.17   Arunkumar
        PW.18   Kishore Kumar
        PW.19   Kiran
        PW.20   Manjunath
        PW.21   Khaza Hussain
        PW.22   Mohammed Ghouse
        PW.23   Shukur
        PW.24   Rehana Begam
        PW.25   Pheerappa
        PW.26   Dr.Jayanthi
        PW.27   Siddagangamma
        PW.28   Lakshmipathi
        PW.29   Nataraj B.M.
        PW.30   Yellalinga S Naikodu
                                                     S.C.No.1230/2017
                                 73
    
    
    
    
        PW.31   Muddaraja.Y
        PW.32   Vinod Lakkappan
        PW.33   Vinay
        PW.34   Suresh
        PW.35   Ajaya Sarathi
    
    

    LIST OF WITNESS EXAMINED FOR DEFENCE:-

    – None –

    LIST OF DOCUMENTS EXHIBITED FOR PROSECUTION:-

        Ex.P-1            Police Notice
        Ex.P.1(a)         Signature of PW1
        Ex.P.1(b)         Signature of PW2
        Ex.P.1(c)         Signature of PW.31
    
        Ex.P.2            Spot Mahazar
        Ex.P.2(a)         Signature of PW2
        Ex.P.2(b)         Signature of PW3
        Ex.P.2(c)         Signature of PW31
    
        Ex.P.3 & 4        Colour Photographs
        Ex.P.3(a)&4(a)    image of CW.2 in photos
        Ex.P.4(a)&4(b)    image of CW3 in photos
    
        Ex.P5             Seizure mahazar
        Ex.P.5(a)         Signature of PW3
        Ex.P.5(b)         Signature of PW4
        Ex.P.5(c)         Signature of PW5
        Ex.P.5(d)         Signature of PW31
        Ex.P.5(e)         Signature of A1 and 2
    
        Ex.P.6 & 7        Photographs
        Ex.P.8            Seizure Mahazar
        Ex.P.8(a)         Signature of PW6
        Ex.P.8(b)         Signature of PW7
                                              S.C.No.1230/2017
                            74
    
    
    
    
    Ex.P.8(c)        Signature of PW31
    
    Ex.P.9           Police Notice
    Ex.P.9(a)        Signature of PW6
    Ex.P.9(b)        Signature of PW31
    
    Ex.P.10          police notice
    Ex.P.10(a)       Signature of PW7
    Ex.P.10(b)       Signature of PW.10
    
    Ex.P.11          Police notice
    Ex.P.11(a)       Signature of P.W.8
    Ex.P.11(b)       Signature of PW9
    Ex.P.11(c)       Signature of PW31
    
    Ex.P.12          Inquest Mahazar
    Ex.P.12(a)       Signature of PW8
    Ex.P.12(b)       Signature of PW.9
    Ex.P.12(c)       Signature of PW31
    
    Ex.P.13 &14      Colour Photos
    
    Ex.P.15          Spot Sketch
    Ex.P.15(a)       Signature of PW.10
    Ex.P.15(b)       Signature of PW.31
    
    Ex.P.16          Covering letter
    Ex.P.16(a)       Signature of PW.2
    
    Ex.P.17          Requisition
    Ex.P.17(a)       Signature of PW.31
    
    Ex.P.18          Seizure Mahazar
    Ex.P.18(a)       Signature of PW.1
    Ex.P.18(b)       Signature of PW.3
    Ex.P.18(c)&(d)   Signatures of A1 & A2
    
    Ex.P.19          Statement of PW.12
                                              S.C.No.1230/2017
                            75
    
    
    
    
    Ex.P.20          Statement of PW.12
    Ex.P.21&22       Statement of PW.13
    Ex.P.23          Statement of PW.14
    Ex.P.24          Statement of PW.15
    Ex.P.25          Statement of PW.16
    Ex.P.26          Statement of PW.17
    Ex.P.27          Statement of PW.18
    Ex.P.28&29       Statement & Further statement
                     of PW.19
    Ex.P.30&31       Statement & Further statement
                      of PW.20
    Ex.P.32          Statement of PW.21
    Ex.P.33          Statement of PW.22
    Ex.P.34          Statement of PW.23
    Ex.P.35          Statement of PW24
    Ex.P.36          Passport of PW.25
    Ex.P.36(a)       Signature of PW.3
    Ex.P.37          FSL Acknowledgment
    Ex.P.38          Requisition
    Ex.P.38(a)       Signature of PW.26
    Ex.P.38(b)       Signature of PW.26
    Ex.P.38(c)&(d)   Signatures of A1 and 2
    Ex.P.39          Sample Seal
    Ex.P.39(a)       Signature of PW.2
    Ex.P.40          PM Report
    Ex.P.40(a)       Signature of PW.26
    Ex.P.40(b)       Opinion of PW.26
    Ex.P.41          FSL report
    Ex.P.42          FIR
    Ex.P.42(a)       Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.43          Complaint
    Ex.P.43(a)       Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.44          Report
    Ex.P.44(a)       Signature of PW30
    Ex.P.44(b)       Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.45          Report
    Ex.P.45(a)       Signature of PW.30
    Ex.P.45(b)       Signature of PW31
                                                 S.C.No.1230/2017
                                76
    
    
    
    
        Ex.P.46          Death Memo
        Ex.P.46(a)       Signature of PW.31
        Ex.P.47          Voluntary statement
        Ex.P.48          PF Form No.78/17
        Ex.P.48(a)&(b) Signature of PW.31
        Ex.P.49          Voluntary statement of A2
        Ex.P.49(a)       Signature of A2
        Ex.P.49(b)       Signature of PW.31
        Ex.P.50          PF form No.80/2017
        Ex.P.50(a)&(b) Signature of PW31
        Ex.P.51          PF Form No.89/2017
        Ex.P.51(a)&(b) Signature of PW31
        Ex.P.52          PF Form No.93/2017
        Ex.P.52(a)&(b) Signature of PW.31
        Ex.P.53          Call details of Ph.No.9632538016
        Ex.P.54          Call details of Ph.No.9741431037
        Ex.P.55          Call details of Ph.No.8150086684
        Ex.P.56          Call details of Ph.No.9482787962
        Ex.P.57 to 60    Customer relationship copy of A2
    

    Ex.P.57(a)to60(a) Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.61 Voter ID of A2
    Ex.P.61(a) Signature of PW31
    Ex.P.62 65(b) Certificate
    Ex.P.62(a) Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.63 Missing complaint dated 16/08/2017
    Ex.P.63(a) Signature of PW31
    Ex.P.64 FIR
    Ex.P.64(a) Signature of PW.31
    Ex.P.65&66 Statement & Further statement
    of PW.31

    LIST OF DOCUMENTS EXHIBITED FOR DEFENCE

    – Nil –

    LIST OF MATERIAL OBJECTS MARKED FOR PROSECUTION:-

        M.O.1     : Old Mat
                                                 S.C.No.1230/2017
                               77
    
    
    
    
        M.O.2    : Pillow
        M.O.3    : Chudidhar pant
        M.O.4    : Old towel
        M.O.5    : Small stone
        M.O.6    : Micromax mobile
        M.O.7    : Black colour Nokia mobile
        M.O.8    : White colour vest
        M.O.9    : Yellow multi colour night pant
        M.O.10   : Blue colour underwear.
    
    
    

    LIST OF MATERIAL OBJECTS MARKED FOR DEFENCE:-

    – Nil –

    (JAYAPRAKASH . A)
    LXVI Addl. City Civil & Sessions Judge
    Bengaluru
    S.C.No.1230/2017
    78

    A1 and A2 are present.

           Counsel for accused No.2 is
           present.    Learned PP is
           present.
    
           Judgment pronounced in
           open Court vide separate
           judgment     with  following
           operative portion:
    
                      ORDER
    
          Acting under section 235(2)
    of Code of Criminal Procedure,
    accused No.1/Kalpana         and
    accused No.2/Javeed @ Javeed
    Basha are found guilty of the
    offences     punishable    under
    Sections 302 read with 34      of
    Indian Penal Code.
    
          Acting under Section 235(1)
    of Code of Criminal Procedure
    accused No.1 and 2 are not found
    guilty of the offences punishable
    under Section 201, 204 read with
    34 of Indian Penal Code.
    
          To hear on sentence. A1 and
    2 are taken to custody.
    
    
           LXVI Addl. CC & Sessions Judge
                         Bengaluru
     



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