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In criminal law, appellate courts apply distinct standards when deciding appeals against conviction versus appeals against acquittal, primarily because an acquittal reinforces the fundamental presumption of innocence. While both appeals allow for a review of evidence, an appeal against acquittal faces a higher threshold for interference compared to a standard appeal against conviction.
Here is the detailed difference:
1. Appeal Against Conviction
2. Appeal Against Acquittal (Appeal to Convict)
| Feature | Appeal Against Conviction | Appeal Against Acquittal |
|---|---|---|
| Presumption | Presumption of guilt | Double presumption of innocence |
| Interference Threshold | Normal | High (Perversity/Substantial Error) |
| If Two Views Possible | Can favor the accused (Conviction reversed) | Must favor the accused (Acquittal upheld) |
| Role of Court | Correction of errors | Correction of miscarriage of justice |
| Re-appreciation | Normal appreciation | Studied, deeper scrutiny |
Conclusion
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An appeal against acquittal is “altogether on a different pedestal”. The appellate court must remain cautious, as reversing an acquittal takes away the liberty of a person who has already been declared not guilty by a court of law. The court must act only if it is “imperative” to prevent a gross miscarriage of justice.
