Rahul Sood vs Directorate Of Enforcement on 21 July, 2026

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    Delhi High Court – Orders

    Rahul Sood vs Directorate Of Enforcement on 21 July, 2026

    Author: Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav

    Bench: Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav

                              $~31 to 33
                              *         IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
                              31
                              +         CRL.M.C. 8349/2024 and CRL.M.A. 31859/2024
                                        RAHUL SOOD                                                                      .....Petitioner
                                                                      Through:            Mr. Tanveer Ahmed Mir, Sr.
                                                                                          Advocate with Ms. Yashodhara
                                                                                          Singh, Advocate
                                                                      versus
    
                                        DIRECTORATE OF ENFORCEMENT                                                      .....Respondent
    
                                                                      Through:            Mr Vivek Gurnani Panel for ED with
                                                                                          Mr Pranjal Tripathi and Mr Kanishk
                                                                                          Maurya Advocates.
                              32
                              +         W.P.(CRL) 3312/2024 and CRL.M.A. 31943/2024
    
                                        RAHUL SOOD                                                                      .....Petitioner
                                                                      Through:            Mr. Tanveer Ahmed Mir, Sr.
                                                                                          Advocate with Ms. Yashodhara
                                                                                          Singh, Advocate
                                                                      versus
    
                                        DIRECTORATE OF ENFORCEMENT                                                      .....Respondent
    
                                                                      Through:            Mr Vivek Gurnani Panel for ED with
                                                                                          Mr Pranjal Tripathi and Mr Kanishk
                                                                                          Maurya Advocates.
                              33
                              +         CRL.M.C. 982/2025 and CRL.M.A. 4524/2025
                                        DIRECTORATE OF ENFOCEMENT                                                       .....Petitioner
                                                                      Through:            Mr Vivek Gurnani Panel for ED with
                                                                                          Mr Pranjal Tripathi and Mr Kanishk
    
    
    
    
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                                                                                           Maurya Advocates.
                                                                      versus
                                        RAHUL SOOD                                                                      .....Respondent
    
                                                                      Through:            Mr. Tanveer Ahmed Mir, Sr.
                                                                                          Advocate with Ms. Yashodhara
                                                                                          Singh, Advocate
                              CORAM:
                              HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV
                                                ORDER
    

    % 21.07.2026

    1. By this common order, the Court disposes of three connected matters
    arising out of the same Enforcement Case Information Report bearing No.
    ECIR/GNZO/07/2022 dated 22.06.2022 (“ECIR”), registered by the
    Gurugram Zonal Office of the Directorate of Enforcement (“ED”) against,
    inter alia, the respondent/petitioner Rahul Sood. The lead matter, CRL.M.C.
    982/2025, has been instituted by the ED under Section 528 of the Bharatiya
    Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) [erstwhile Section 482 Cr.P.C.]
    read with Section 483 BNSS [erstwhile Section 439(2) Cr.P.C.], seeking
    cancellation of the regular bail granted to Rahul Sood and setting aside of
    the order dated 25.11.2024 passed by the Special Judge, PC Act, CBI-14,
    Rouse Avenue District Courts, New Delhi, in Bail Application No. 233/2024
    (“impugned order”).

    SPONSORED

    2. The other two connected matters have been instituted by Rahul Sood
    himself, prior in point of time to the grant of bail. CRL.M.C. 8349/2024
    seeks setting aside of the remand orders dated 09.10.2024 and 11.10.2024
    passed in the subject ECIR, and a declaration that his remand to the custody

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    of the ED is illegal and bad in law. W.P.(CRL) 3312/2024 seeks a
    declaration that his arrest and continued detention are illegal and bad in law
    on account of non-compliance with the mandatory safeguards contained in
    Section 19 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (“PMLA”).

    3. The Central Bureau of Investigation (“CBI”) registered FIR No.
    RC0742020E0007 dated 23.11.2020 under Sections 120-B/420/471 of the
    Indian Penal Code, 1860 read with Section 13 of the Prevention of
    Corruption Act, 1988, on the basis of a written complaint dated 17.11.2020
    lodged by Canara Bank. It was alleged that M/s Amira Pure Foods Private
    Limited (“APFPL”), through its Directors, Promoters and other
    functionaries, had committed a large-scale banking fraud by siphoning off
    and diverting credit facilities sanctioned by a consortium of banks led by
    Canara Bank, aggregating to approximately Rs. 1,357 crores, causing a
    wrongful loss of approximately Rs. 1,201.85 crores to the consortium. A
    forensic audit report dated 22.05.2019 recorded that borrowed funds to the
    tune of Rs. 734.20 crores had been routed through non-genuine and sham
    transactions with fictitious entities.

    4. On the basis of the said predicate offence, the ED recorded the subject
    ECIR on 22.06.2022 and commenced investigation into the offence of
    money laundering under Section 3 read with Section 4 of the PMLA. During
    investigation, the ED traced diversion of funds amounting to more than Rs.
    410.98 crores from APFPL to six entities through a web of shell companies,
    carried out search and seizure operations under Section 17 PMLA on
    02.05.2023, and provisionally attached assets worth Rs. 131.51 crores vide
    Provisional Attachment Order dated 13.03.2024, later confirmed by the
    learned Adjudicating Authority on 29.08.2024.

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    5. Rahul Sood is stated to have served on the Board of APFPL as a non-
    executive, additional Director between 01.03.2011 to 05.10.2015, and again
    for a short spell of three months between 01.07.2016 to 30.09.2016. It is not
    in dispute that he is not named as an accused either in the predicate offence
    FIR or in the ECIR. He is, on the ED‟s own showing, a practising Advocate
    of over three decades standing who was engaged by APFPL, on the request
    of its Chairman Promoter Mr. Karan A. Chanana, initially as a legal advisor
    from the year 2009 and, in that continuing professional capacity, was
    subsequently invited to join the Board as a non-executive Director. He was
    issued summons on four occasions, when his statements were recorded
    under Section 50 PMLA, and it is not disputed that he joined and cooperated
    with the investigation on each such occasion.

    6. Pursuant to a fourth summon dated 03.10.2024, the Respondent was
    arrested by the ED on 08.10.2024 under Section 19(1) PMLA. He was
    produced before the Duty Sessions Judge at his residence in the late hours of
    the same night; upon contest, the application for 14 days ED custody was
    rejected and only two days custody was granted vide order dated
    09.10.2024.

    7. Upon production on 11.10.2024, before the Duty ASJ, four further
    days ED custody was granted. On 15.10.2024, the Respondent was
    remanded to judicial custody. It is the legality of the orders dated 09.10.2024
    and 11.10.2024, and of the arrest itself, that form the subject matter of
    CRL.M.C. 8349/2024 and W.P.(CRL) 3312/2024 respectively.

    8. The Respondent, thereafter, moved an application for regular bail,
    being Bail Application No. 233/2024, before the Special Judge, PC Act,
    CBI-14, Rouse Avenue District Courts. The said application came to be

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    allowed vide the impugned order dated 25.11.2024, whereby the respondent
    was admitted to bail on furnishing a personal bond of Rs. 2,00,000/- with
    two sureties in the like amount, subject to conditions restraining him from
    tampering with evidence, influencing witnesses, and leaving the country
    without permission, and requiring him to join and cooperate with the
    investigation.

    9. Notwithstanding the grant of bail, the Respondent was not released
    and was, on the same date, produced before a Court at Kaithal, Haryana, in
    connection with a separate FIR arising out of similar allegations qua
    APFPL, and was kept in custody there for a further period of almost two
    months. It was only on 27.01.2025, upon an application moved by the
    Haryana Police itself, recording that the Respondent‟s role was confined to
    that of a non-executive Director with no hand in the day-to-day affairs of the
    company, that he came to be released. In the meantime, the ED filed its
    Prosecution Complaint dated 06.12.2024, arraying the respondent as accused
    No. 5, upon which the learned Special Court took cognizance on
    31.01.2025.

    10. The Special Judge, after adverting to the twin conditions embedded in
    Section 45 PMLA, examined the material placed on record by the ED and
    recorded the following broad findings in paragraph no. 5 and 6:-

    “5…It is important to mention here that applicant/accused Rahul Sood is
    not named as an accused in the CBI case i.e. predicate offence. Though
    the CBI, during its investigation, can examine the role of the applicant, yet
    it is a fact that so far nothing appears to have been done in the said case
    against any accused persons.

    5.5 The present ECIR was registered in 2022 and applicant is not named
    as an accused in the said ECIR as well. However, as per ED, accused has
    been found to be involved in PMLA during investigation.

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    5.6 As per ED, the applicant/accused Rahul Sood was working as Director
    in M/s. Amira Pure Foods Private Limited (APFPL) from 2011 to 2015
    and again from July 2016 to September 2016. In addition to being a
    director, he was also a legal advisor to the company. As a director, he
    also signed balance-sheet for 2016-2017 and annual return of the
    company for the year 2013-2014 and it unequivocally denotes the
    involvement and knowledge of the signatory regarding affairs of the
    Company. His role and responsibilities included drafting and reviewing
    distributors agreement/employment agreement / consultancy agreement/
    trademarks agreement etc., replying for Legal notice etc. for the Company
    and he used to get professional fees for the same. Thus, he was among the
    key managerial persons and was involved in day to day activities of the
    accused company. He was Director for approximately 4 years and during
    the said time, major diversion took place from M/s APFPL. He resigned
    from the company and again joined back in 2016 and signed balance-sheet
    of the company. It is not possible that he was not aware of the activities
    taking place inside the company i.c. diversion of Bank funds.

    From the investigation so far conducted, it appears that accused was a
    Director of the company for the period 2011 to 2015 and for three months
    in 2016. He was legal advisor of the company. The accused has been in
    custody since 08.10.2024 and the case has been investigated so far. From
    the investigation, nothing concrete has come, at least at this stage, to show
    that accused was involved in day-to-day affairs of the company or had
    participated in the activities of the company through Board Meetings or
    other Committees or permanent employee having knowledge or
    information about the activities of the company.

    In fact, during the course of arguments, Ld. Counsel for accused had filed
    documents like Form DIR-11, DIR-12 & Form – 32. From the said
    documents and other documents with the ED, it appears that accused was
    appointed as Additional Director in 2011 in a professional category and
    was the Non- Executive Director in the said company.

    Thus, from the investigation conducted so far, applicant/accused is
    arraigned as an accused on the premise that he is a Director of the
    company and having signed balance-sheet for 2014 and annual return for
    2016 only and thus, the presumption has to be made that he was having
    knowledge of the day-to-day activities of the company. The ED will have to
    find more material against the accused but the Court has to see the
    material available so far. Not all the Directors of the company are
    arraigned as an accused in this case.

    5.7 Statement of various persons have been recorded under Section 50 of
    PMLA and none of them have named or referred to the present

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    applicant/accused with whom transaction of siphoning of funds or
    conspiracy or cheating were made.

    5.8 There is no specific material to allege that accused is a flight risk or
    will tamper with evidence. Despite the case being registered in 2020 by
    CBI and 2022 by ED, the accused has not run away. In fact, he joined the
    investigation when the summons were served upon him. Moreover, it is the
    main accused who has absconded from India. Also, the evidence is
    documentary in nature.

    “6. In view of the above discussion and considering the facts and
    circumstances of the case, accused has been able to satisfy the Court that
    there are reasonable grounds for believing that he is not guilty of the
    alleged offences, hence, I am inclined to allow the bail application of the
    applicant/accused Rahul Sood.”

    11. On this conspectus, the Special Judge recorded a specific finding that
    the respondent had been able to satisfy the twin conditions under Section 45
    PMLA, namely, that there existed reasonable grounds to believe that he was
    not guilty of the alleged offence, and that he was not likely to commit any
    offence while on bail, and accordingly enlarged him on regular bail.

    12. Mr. Vivek Gurnani, learned Counsel appearing for the ED, assailed
    the impugned order primarily on the ground that the findings recorded by
    the Special Judge run contrary to the settled position of law under the
    PMLA. It was contended, first, that the reliance placed by the learned
    Special Judge on the fact that the respondent is not named in the predicate
    offence, or in the ECIR, is wholly misconceived, inasmuch as Section 3
    PMLA does not require an accused of money-laundering to also be an
    accused in the scheduled offence.

    13. Placing reliance on Tarun Kumar v. Assistant Director, Directorate
    of Enforcement1
    it was further submitted that the finding recorded at

    1
    2023 SCC OnLine SC 1486.

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    paragraph 5.6 of the impugned order, that “nothing concrete has come, at
    least at this stage, to show that accused was involved in day-to-day affairs of
    the company”, amounts to an impermissible appreciation of evidence at the
    stage of bail.

    14. He submits that the Court is not required to weigh evidence
    meticulously but must nonetheless demonstrate application of mind. It was
    contended that the respondent, having signed the balance sheet and the
    annual return of APFPL as a Director during the very period when diversion
    of funds took place, must be presumed to have had knowledge of its affairs,
    and that mere possession of “proceeds of crime”, as defined under Section
    2(1)(u)
    PMLA, was in itself sufficient to attract liability. It was lastly
    submitted that the twin conditions of Section 45 PMLA had not been
    satisfied and that, with the filing of the Prosecution Complaint on
    06.12.2024 and the taking of cognizance on 31.01.2025, the material on
    record against the respondent stood considerably strengthened, warranting
    cancellation of the bail granted to him.

    15. Mr. Tanveer Ahmed Mir, learned senior counsel appearing for the
    Respondent, opposed the petition both on the threshold question of
    maintainability and on merits. On maintainability, it was submitted that the
    ED‟s petition does not, even remotely, plead any supervening circumstance
    arising after the grant of bail, such as misuse of liberty, tampering with
    evidence, attempt to influence witnesses, or risk of the Respondent
    absconding.

    16. Mr. Mir submits that the respondent‟s role in APFPL, even on the
    ED‟s own case, was confined to that of a non-executive, professional
    Director appointed at the instance of the principal accused Karan A.

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    Chanana and that his tenure overlapped with the period of the alleged
    forensic audit findings (01.04.2015 to 31.03.2018) for barely nine months
    out of a nearly five-year directorship. His role is merely limited to signing
    one balance sheet and one annual return, each already signed and certified
    by the Managing Director, another Director, the Company Secretary and a
    statutory Chartered Accountant, in a purely ratifying capacity; and that he
    was never a bank signatory. He submits that Rahul Sood derived no benefit
    from APFPL beyond his professional legal fee of Rs. 74,00,000/- earned
    over eight years, fully reflected in his income-tax returns.

    17. I have heard learned counsel for the parties at length and have perused
    the record, including the impugned order, the pleadings filed by the parties,
    and the material relied upon by them.

    18. At the outset, it would be fruitful to recapitulate the well-settled legal
    principle that the cancellation of bail is to be dealt with on a different
    footing in comparison to a proceeding for grant of bail. It is necessary that
    „cogent and overwhelming reasons‟ are present for the cancellation of bail.
    Conventionally, there can be supervening circumstances which may develop
    post the grant of bail and are non-conducive to fair trail, making it necessary
    to cancel the bail. Supreme Court in Daulat Ram & Ors. v. State of
    Haryana2
    , observed that:-

    “Rejection of bail in a nonbailable case at the initial stage and the
    cancellation of bail so granted, have to be considered and dealt with on
    different basis. Very cogent and overwhelming circumstances are
    necessary for an order directing the cancellation of the bail, already
    granted. Generally speaking, the grounds for cancellation of bail, broadly
    (illustrative and not exhaustive) are: interference or attempt to interfere
    with the due course of administration of Justice or evasion or attempt to
    evade the due course of justice or abuse of the concession granted to the

    2
    (1995) 1 SCC 349.

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    accused in any manner. The satisfaction of the court, on the basis of
    material placed on the record of the possibility of the accused absconding
    is yet another reason justifying the cancellation of bail. However, bail
    once granted should not be cancelled in a mechanical manner without
    considering whether any supervening circumstances have rendered it no
    longer conducive to a fair trial to allow the accused to retain his freedom
    by enjoying the concession of bail during the trial.”

    19. It would, however, be an incomplete statement of the law to hold that
    the power to interfere with an order granting bail is confined only to cases of
    supervening circumstances. The law on the subject has developed along two
    distinct, though occasionally overlapping, tracks. The first track, illustrated
    by Daulat Ram (supra), concerns withdrawal of a concession on account of
    conduct or events after the grant of bail. The second track concerns a
    challenge to the correctness of the original order itself, on the ground that it
    was passed in ignorance of material facts, in disregard of binding principles,
    or otherwise suffers from perversity or illegality, a challenge that does not
    depend upon anything happening after the grant of bail at all.
    This second
    track finds early recognition in Ram Govind Upadhyay v. Sudarshan
    Singh3
    , and was explained with clarity in Puran v. Rambilas4, in the
    following terms:-

    “The concept of setting aside an unjustified, illegal or perverse order is
    totally different from the concept of cancelling the bail on the ground that
    the accused has misconducted himself or because of some supervening
    circumstances warranting such cancellation.”

    20. The existence of this second, independent track was reaffirmed by the
    Supreme Court in Deepak Yadav v. State of U.P.5, where it was held in
    express terms that “cancellation of bail cannot be limited to the occurrence

    3
    (2002) 3 SCC 598.

    4

    (2001) 6 SCC 338.

    5

    (2022) 8 SCC 559.

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    of supervening circumstances” and that the Court possesses inherent power
    and discretion to cancel or set aside bail even in the absence of any
    supervening circumstance, where the original order itself is shown to be
    unsustainable. The Court proceeded to lay down, by way of illustration and
    not exhaustively, the circumstances in which such interference would be
    warranted even absent any subsequent misconduct. Paragraph no. 31 is
    reproduced as under:-

    “31. It is no doubt true that cancellation of bail cannot be limited to the
    occurrence of supervening circumstances. This Court certainly has the
    inherent powers and discretion to cancel the bail of an accused even in the
    absence of supervening circumstances. Following are the illustrative
    circumstances where the bail can be cancelled: –

    (a) Where the court granting bail takes into account irrelevant
    material of substantial nature and not trivial nature while ignoring
    relevant material on record.

    (b) Where the court granting bail overlooks the influential position
    of the accused in comparison to the victim of abuse or the
    witnesses especially when there is prima facie misuse of position
    and power over the victim.

    (c) Where the past criminal record and conduct of the accused is
    completely ignored while granting bail.

    (d) Where bail has been granted on untenable grounds.

    (e) Where serious discrepancies are found in the order granting
    bail thereby causing prejudice to justice.

    (f) Where the grant of the bail was not appropriate in the first
    place given the very serious nature of the charges against the
    accused which disentitles him for the bail and thus cannot be
    justified.

    (g) When the order granting bail is apparently whimsical,
    capricious and perverse in the facts of the given case.

    21. The precise contours of this dichotomy were, more recently,
    articulated with considerable clarity by the Supreme Court in State of

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    Haryana v. Dharamraj6, Relevant Paragraph no. 8 is reproduced as under:-

    “The considerations that guide the power of an appellate court in
    assessing the correctness of an order granting bail stand on a different
    footing from an assessment of an application for the cancellation of bail.
    The correctness of an order granting bail is tested on the anvil of whether
    there was an improper or arbitrary exercise of the discretion in the grant
    of bail. The test is whether the order granting bail is perverse, illegal or
    unjustified. On the other hand, an application for cancellation of bail is
    generally examined on the anvil of the existence of supervening
    circumstances or violations of the conditions of bail by a person to whom
    bail has been granted.”

    22. This position has since been reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in State
    of Karnataka v. Sri Darshan7, and in Yogendra Pal Singh v. Raghvendra
    Singh8
    , wherein it has been authoritatively clarified that cancellation of bail
    on account of post-bail misconduct stands on a fundamentally different
    footing from annulment of a bail order that is itself unjustified or legally
    unsustainable at its inception, and that an order granting bail is liable to be
    interfered with, without the necessity of waiting for supervening
    circumstances, where it reveals reliance on irrelevant considerations, ignores
    relevant material on record, or otherwise suffers from perversity.

    23. The above line of authority require that where a petition seeking
    interference with an order of bail proceeds, as the present one does, wholly
    on the footing that the original order is unsustainable on merits, the
    petitioner must clear the considerably higher threshold applicable to that
    distinct enquiry. It must be shown that the order suffers from perversity,
    illegality, reliance upon irrelevant material, or a disregard of material on
    record of a substantial nature. Mere disagreement with the view taken by the

    6
    (2023) 17 SCC 510.

    7

    2025 INSC 979.

    8

    2025 INSC 1367.

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    Special Judge, or a submission that a different view was also reasonably
    possible on the same material, would not suffice; nor would it suffice for the
    ED merely to reiterate, before this Court, the very submissions that were
    urged and considered before the Special Judge.

    24. Applying the illustrative circumstances enumerated in Deepak Yadav
    (supra) to the impugned order, it is evident that none of them is attracted.
    There is no question of the Special Judge having taken into account
    irrelevant material of a substantial nature while ignoring relevant material on
    record. The material principally relied upon by the ED, the Respondent‟s
    directorship, his signature on the balance sheet and annual return, and the
    statements recorded under Section 50 PMLA, has each been specifically
    adverted to and dealt with in the impugned order.

    25. There is no question of the Special Judge having overlooked any
    influential position of the respondent vis-a-vis a victim or witness, no
    allegation of any concealed criminal antecedents having been ignored, and,
    for the reasons that follow, the order cannot be said to have been passed on
    untenable grounds or to disclose discrepancies of a kind causing prejudice to
    the prosecution. Tested, in the alternative, on the formulation in Dharamraj
    (supra), the question is whether there has been an improper or arbitrary
    exercise of discretion rendering the order perverse, illegal or unjustified.

    26. The submissions advanced on behalf of the ED do not persuade the
    Court to interfere with the impugned order. The first limb of the ED‟s
    argument, that the Special Judge erred in adverting to the fact that the
    respondent is not named in the predicate offence or in the ECIR, does not,
    on a fair reading of the impugned order, advance the ED‟s case.

    27. The Special Judge has nowhere held that absence of the respondent‟s

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    name in the scheduled offence is, by itself, a complete answer to the ED‟s
    case. The observation has only been made as one of several circumstances
    cumulatively considered, along with the specific and more substantial
    finding that nothing concrete had emerged, even after two years of
    investigation, to connect the respondent with the day-to-day affairs of
    APFPL. The law declared in Pavana Dibbur vs The Directorate Of
    Enforcement9
    and Vijay Madanlal Choudhary vs Union of India,10 that an
    accused of money-laundering need not be named in the scheduled offence is
    not in dispute. It does not, however, dispense with the independent
    requirement that there exist reasonable material connecting the person
    concerned with the process or activity relating to the proceeds of crime.

    28. On the question of the respondent‟s role, the material on record, as
    noticed by the Special Judge and reiterated before this Court, is confined to
    his signature on one balance sheet and one annual return, admittedly signed
    after the Managing Director, another Director, the Company Secretary, and a
    statutory auditor had already appended their signatures. It is well settled that
    criminal liability attaching to a company‟s affairs is a function of the actual
    role discharged by an individual and not merely of nomenclature or
    designation.

    29. In S.M.S. Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. Neeta Bhalla11, the Supreme Court
    held that “liability depends on the role one plays in the affairs of a company
    and not on designation or status alone”, and that there is “no universal rule
    that a director of a company is in charge of its everyday affairs.” This
    principle was applied with reference to a Director‟s signature on a balance

    9
    (2023) 15 SCC 91
    10
    (2023) 12 SCC 1

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    sheet in Rajender Shah v. State of Maharashtra12, where it was observed
    that where a balance sheet bears the signatures of a Managing Director and
    Chairman in addition to the Director concerned, “on the basis of only
    signature, it cannot be said that there is enough material to show the
    knowledge of the Respondent.” The finding of the Special Judge that the
    material available, even prima facie, did not establish the respondent‟s
    involvement in the day-to-day affairs, control, or management of APFPL
    cannot, in these circumstances, be said to be perverse or contrary to the
    weight of the record.

    30. Insofar as the ED‟s reliance on the mere possession of “proceeds of
    crime” under Section 2(1)(u) PMLA is concerned, it bears notice that even
    the ED‟s own showing does not identify any specific asset of the respondent
    as being traceable to the diverted funds of APFPL. The properties
    provisionally attached from him have been sought to be explained, at the
    stage of bail itself, by reference to disclosed professional income and bank
    financing. Whether such explanation will ultimately hold good is, of course,
    a matter for trial; it cannot, however, be said that the Special Judge
    committed any manifest error in declining to treat the bare fact of
    attachment as conclusive of guilt at the pre-trial stage.

    31. The submission that the filing of the Prosecution Complaint dated
    06.12.2024 and the subsequent taking of cognizance thereon on 31.01.2025
    constitute a fresh or aggravating circumstance warranting cancellation of
    bail also does not commend itself to acceptance. The taking of cognizance
    upon a complaint that reiterates the very allegations already tested at the

    11
    (2005) 8 SCC 89
    12
    2019 SCC OnLine Bom 13099.

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    stage of bail does not, without more, constitute either a supervening
    circumstance for the purposes of Section 483 BNSS, or a ground to hold the
    original grant of bail illegal.

    32. This position is not in conflict with the observations of the Supreme
    Court in Tarun Kumar (supra), which caution against a mechanical,
    wholesale re-appreciation of evidence at the bail stage while simultaneously
    requiring the Court to record a broad, prima facie view. The impugned
    order, in the view of this Court, reflects precisely such an exercise of
    application of mind, and not its absence.

    33. It further merits notice that the respondent‟s continued liberty since
    the grant of bail has occasioned no prejudice to the investigation or the trial.
    The Prosecution Complaint already stands filed, cognizance has been taken,
    and the respondent has, on the ED‟s own admission, been regularly
    appearing before the learned Trial Court. In these circumstances, no case is
    made out, either on the touchstone of supervening circumstances or on the
    touchstone of illegality or perversity in the impugned order, for cancellation
    of the bail granted to the respondent.

    34. For the foregoing reasons, this Court does not find any infirmity in the
    order dated 25.11.2024 passed by the learned Special Judge, PC Act, CBI-
    14, Rouse Avenue District Courts, New Delhi, in Bail Application No.
    233/2024. CRL.M.C. 982/2025, along with the pending application,
    accordingly, fails and is dismissed. It is, however, clarified that the
    observations made hereinabove are confined to the examination of the
    prayer for cancellation of bail and shall not be construed as an expression of
    opinion on the merits of the case, which shall be independently examined by
    the learned Trial Court, uninfluenced by anything stated in this judgment.

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    35. Having regard to the conclusion recorded above, whereby the petition
    of the ED seeking cancellation of the Respondent‟s bail has been dismissed
    and the order dated 25.11.2024 granting him regular bail stands undisturbed.
    The Respondent continues, as on date, to be enlarged on bail. In these
    circumstances, the questions raised in CRL.M.C. 8349/2024 and W.P.(CRL)
    3312/2024, touching upon the legality of the remand orders dated
    09.10.2024 and 11.10.2024, and the validity of the arrest effected under
    Section 19 PMLA, have, for all practical purposes, been rendered academic.

    36. The relief that could flow from a finding in the respondent’s favour on
    either of these petitions, namely, his release from custody, already stands
    secured by virtue of the bail granted to him. No useful purpose, therefore,
    would be served by embarking upon an adjudication of these questions at
    this stage, particularly when doing so would have no bearing on the
    Respondent‟s present liberty, and would, in substance, amount to deciding
    questions that no longer arise for decision on the facts as they now stand.

    37. CRL.M.C. 8349/2024 and W.P.(CRL) 3312/2024, along with the
    pending applications therein, are accordingly disposed of as having been
    rendered infructuous, in the above terms.

    PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV, J
    JULY 21, 2026
    Nc/NK

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