Page No.# 1/15 vs The Union Of India And 5 Ors on 13 March, 2026

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    Gauhati High Court

    Page No.# 1/15 vs The Union Of India And 5 Ors on 13 March, 2026

    Author: K.R. Surana

    Bench: Kalyan Rai Surana

                                                                       Page No.# 1/15
    
    GAHC010032692026
    
    
    
    
                                                             2026:GAU-AS:3672-DB
    
                           THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
      (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
    
                                 Case No. : WP(C)/917/2026
    
             SABERA BEGUM
             W/O LAE ABBAS ALI, R/O KATABARI, P.S. GORCHUK, DIST. KAMRUP (M),
             ASSAM.
    
    
    
             VERSUS
    
             THE UNION OF INDIA AND 5 ORS
             REPRESENTED BY THE SECY. TO THE GOVT. OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF
             HOME AFFAIRS, SHASTRI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI 1
    
             2:THE STATE OF ASSAM
              REPRESENTED BY THE COMMISSIONER AND SECY. TO THE GOVT. OF
             ASSAM
              HOME DEPTT.
              DISPUR
              GUWAHATI 6
    
             3:THE DIST. COMMISSIONER
    
              KAMRUP (M)
              P.O. HENGRABARI
              DIST. KAMRUP (M)
              ASSAM
              GUWAHATI 36
    
             4:THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF POLICE (B)
              KAMRUP (M)
              GUWAHATI CITY
              DIST. KAMRUP (M)
             ASSAM.
    
             5:THE ELECTION COMMISSIONER OF INDIA
                                                                            Page No.# 2/15
    
    
               NEW DELHI TO BE REPRESENTED BY CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER
               OF INDIA
               NEW DELHI 1
    
               6:THE STATE COORDINATOR OF NATIONAL REGISTRATION
    
                ASSAM BHANGAGARH
                LACHIT NAGAR
                GUWAHATI
    
    Advocate for the Petitioner : MR. P K R CHOUDHURY, MR M HUSSAIN,MR. A K AZAD,MR.
    S R BARBHUIYA,MR. N HAQUE
    
    Advocate for the Respondent : GA, ASSAM, DY.S.G.I.,SC, NRC,SC, ECI
    
    
    
    
                                     BEFORE
                     HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE KALYAN RAI SURANA
                   HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SANJEEV KUMAR SHARMA
    
                                            ORDER
    

    Date : 13.03.2026
    (K.R. Surana, J)

    Heard Mr. P.K.R. Choudhury, learned counsel for the petitioner.
    Also heard Ms. S. Baruah, learned CGC for respondent no.1; Mr. G. Sarma,
    learned standing counsel for respondent nos. 2, 4 and 6; Mr. P. Sarmah, learned
    Addl. Senior Govt. Advocate for respondent no.3; and Ms. S. Katakey, learned
    standing counsel for respondent no.5.

    SPONSORED

    2) The background facts of this case are as follows:-

    a. The petitioner was served with a notice to appear before the

    Foreigners Tribunal No.4th, Kamrup (M), Guwahati, in connection with
    F.T. D.V.K. Case No. 7/2024 (arising out of F.T. Case No. 5600/98). The
    petitioner, upon appearing in the said proceeding, had filed a petition
    under Order XIV, Rule 2 of the CPC for framing a preliminary issue
    Page No.# 3/15

    regarding the jurisdiction of the said learned Tribunal to proceed
    against the petitioner on the ground that there was no enquiry by the
    Local Verification Officer against the petitioner. The said petition was
    rejected by the said learned Tribunal by order dated 10.06.2025.

    b. Accordingly, the petitioner had assailed the said order dated
    10.06.2025 by filing a writ petition. In the said writ petition, the
    learned standing counsel for the petitioner had produced a copy of the
    letter dated 23.07.2025, issued by the Deputy Commissioner of Police
    (Border), Kamrup (M), Guwahati, to the effect that Sabera Begum, wife
    of Late Abbas Ali of village- Katahbari, P.S. Gorchuk, Guwahati, Assam,
    as mentioned in the Electoral Registration Officer’s Report vide
    Annexure-21 is the same person. But, Sahera Begum, wife of Amir Ali
    of Katahbari, P.S. Gorchuk, Guwahati, Assam, as mentioned in the LVO
    Report vide Annexure-20 is not the petitioner. Accordingly, this Court,
    by order dated 14.08.2025, passed in W.P.(C) 3506/2025, set aside the
    learned Tribunal’s order dated 10.06.2025, and restored the petition
    no. 46/2025, arising out of application no. 66/2025 to the file of the
    said learned Tribunal. Consequently, the petitioner was directed to
    produce a certified copy of the said order dated 14.08.2025, before the
    said learned Tribunal and to await for further instructions/ orders from
    the said learned Tribunal.

    3) Thereafter, the petitioner had produced a certified copy of the
    order dated 14.08.2025, passed by this Court in W.P.(C) 3506/2025 before the
    learned Tribunal along with petition no. 131/25. The said learned Tribunal, vide
    order dated 19.08.2025, allowed the prayer made by the learned Govt. Pleader
    Page No.# 4/15

    to take necessary instructions from the referral authority and apprise the
    Tribunal as regards to the contents of the application vide no. 46/25.
    Accordingly, for the reasons reflected in the order dated 11.09.2025, directed
    the referral authority to conduct an enquiry on the basis of documents produced
    regarding availability of the prima facie grounds against the petitioner forming
    the basis of a clear suspect, further directing the said report to be submitted
    within four weeks.

    4) As per order dated 23.12.2025, the learned Tribunal had
    recorded that the enquiry report dated 11.12.2025 was received. As per the said
    report, (a) IM(D)T Case No. 5600/98 was registered against Sabera Begum,
    wife of Abbas Ali, and (b) IM(D)T Case No. 5597/98 was registered against
    Sahera Begum, wife of Amir Ali. However, in course of the enquiry, it had

    appeared that in IM(D)T Case No. 5597/98 at Foreigners Tribunal 5 th, Guwahati,
    the LVO Report is in the name of Sabera Begum, wife of Late Abbas Ali of
    village- Katahbari, P.S. Gorchuk, Guwahati, Assam, whereas in the IM(D)T Case

    No. 5600/98, before the Foreigners Tribunal 4 th, Guwahati, LVO Report is in the
    name of Sahera Begum, wife of Amir Ali of village- Katahbari, P.S. Gorchuk,
    Guwahati. Thus, there was an exchange of LVO Reports. Accordingly, the case
    was fixed on 20.01.2026, for further orders. The said order is extracted below:-

    “23.12.2025 Miss A. Kumari, Learned Assistant Govt. Pleader represents
    the referral authority. Proceedee is present. Enquiry report dated
    11.012.2025 is already received. The contents of the Enquiry reports
    submitted on 10.12.2025 by the Enquiry Officer is clearly perused to find
    that the IM(D)T case No. 5600/98 was registered against Sabera Begum
    W/O Abbas Ali and IM(D)T Case No. 5597/98 was registered against
    Sahera Begum W/O Amir Ali. During the course of enquiry, the Enquiry
    Officer checked the case record of IM(D)T Case No. 5597/98 at FT 5 th,
    Guwahati and found that LVO record in the name of Sabera Begum W/O
    Abbas Ali of village Katahbari, PS Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam. As per the
    Page No.# 5/15

    Enquiry Officer both the LVO reports were mismatched during the
    submission of reference to the respective Tribunals and Sahera and
    Sabera are two different persons. Another letter dated 22.12.2025
    addressed to the Learned Member, Foreigner Tribunal, Kamrup (M) No.
    5th, copy of which has been furnished to this Tribunal, is received to find
    that Learned Member, Foreigner Tribunal No. 5 th is being requested to
    correct the case records making the exchange of LVO report of Sahera
    Begum W/O Amir Ali in F.T. Case No. 3689/2019 (IM(D)T Case No.
    5597/98) with the LVO report of Sabera Begum W/O Abbas Ali pending
    in FT Case No. 7/2024 (IM(D)T Case No. 5600/98) which is pending
    before this Tribunal. Office to ensure the exchange of the Enquiry Report
    as and when the communication has been received from the Learned
    Member Foreigner Tribunal No. 5th in terms of the letter dated
    22:12.2025 vide No. DCP(B)/83/2025. In the light of the aforesaid
    observations, it is absolutely clear that the quarries raised by the order
    dated 11.09.2025 has been resolved and the petition vide No. 46/2025
    and the quarries raise thereon has been answered by the report so
    submitted and the letter as discussed. This reference is therefore fixed
    for further orders till the exchange of the Enquiry Report so as to enable
    the Tribunal for further proceedings. The letter dated 22.12.2025 is
    therefore kept with the record.

    Fixing- 20/01/26 for appropriate orders.”

    5) Thereafter, by order dated 20.01.2026, the said learned Tribunal
    had recorded that the said learned Tribunal had furnished the LVO Report of
    Sahera Begum and received the LVO Report of Sabera Begum in terms of the
    letter dated 22.12.2025, issued by the Deputy Commissioner of Police (B), in the
    presence of the Border officials and accordingly, a letter dated 19.01.2026, has
    been issued by the said learned Tribunal to the Office of the Deputy
    Commissioner of Police (B), that the original LVO Report of Sabera Begum had
    been entered in the record. The said order dated 20.01.2026, passed by the
    said learned Tribunal, is extracted below:-

    “20.01.2026 Present: Mr. Ajoy Kumar Phukan, Member
    Miss A. Kumari, Learned Assistant Govt. Pleader represents
    the referral authority. Today is the date fixed for appropriate orders. This
    Page No.# 6/15

    Tribunal has already furnished the L.V.O report of Sahera Begum and
    also received the L.V.O report of Sabera Begum in terms of the letter
    dated 22/12/25 issued by the Deputy Commissioner of Police (b) in
    presence of the Border officials and accordingly a letter dated 19/01/26
    has been issued by this Tribunal to the office of the Deputy
    Commissioner of Police (B). Original L.V.O report of Sabera Begum
    thereby has been entered to the record. It is needless to say that the
    reference was fixed for evidence since 13/05/25 and already sufficient
    time is elapsed. The Learned Counsel appearing for the proceedee has
    filed a petition vide no. 267/26 stating there in that the proceedee could
    not appear before this Tribunal due to unavoidable circumstances and as
    such her presence may be exempted. The petition as aforementioned is
    disposed of with a direction to the proceedee shall appear before this
    Tribunal and file the evidence in the next date fixed.

    Fixing- 17/02/26 for evidence.”

    6) Accordingly, the petitioner has approached this Court again and
    by filing this instant writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India,
    has prayed for setting aside the orders dated 23.12.2025 and 20.01.2026,
    passed by the learned Member, Foreigners Tribunal; for quashing the proceeding
    pending against the petitioner before the said learned Tribunal and for other
    and consequential reliefs.

    7) The learned counsel for the petitioner had submitted that the
    LVO Report shows that the enquiry against the petitioner was done in a causal
    manner, with many columns of the Annexures A and B respectively, containing
    the format for Verification Officer’s Report left blank. It was also submitted that
    in the LVO Report, it has been recorded that the place of birth of the petitioner
    was in West Bengal. Hence, it was submitted that the grounds for suspecting
    the petitioner to be a foreigner has not been disclosed to the petitioner. Hence,
    it was submitted that the proceeding ought not to have been registered against
    the petitioner in the first place as the reference contained a LVO Report not
    concerning the petitioner. Secondly, it was submitted that although the LVO
    Page No.# 7/15

    Report was substituted, the grounds of suspecting the petitioner to be a
    foreigner were not supplied to the petitioner for which she could not take all
    available defence. Hence, it was submitted that the proceeding against the
    petitioner be quashed along with all the impugned order.

    8) Per contra, the learned standing counsel for the FT, Border
    matters and NRC has made his submissions in support of the continuance of the
    proceeding.

    9) Examined the materials available on record in this writ petition.
    Also perused the instructions dated 02.03.2026, issued by the learned Member,

    Foreigners Tribunal No. 4th, Kamrup (M), Guwahati, as produced by the learned
    standing counsel for the FT, Border matters and NRC together with enclosures
    thereto.

    10) From the said instructions, there remains no doubt that while
    Sabera Begum, wife of Abbas Ali, is the proceedee in F.T. Case No. 7/2024,
    which arises out of IM(D)T Case No. 5600/98, Sahera Begum, wife of Amir Ali,
    was the suspected foreigner in IM(D)T Case No. 5597/98. However, the
    Verification Officer’s Reports of the two suspects, due to some error, got mixed
    up. Thus, the Verification Officer’s Report in respect of IM(D)T Case No.
    5597/98 was placed in the record of F.T. Case No. 7/2024, pending before the

    Foreigners Tribunal No.5th, Kamrup (M), Guwahati, and the Verification Officer’s
    Report in respect of IM(D)T Case No. 5600/98, before the Foreigners Tribunal

    4th, Guwahati, is in the name of Sahera Begum, wife of Amir Ali of village-
    Katahbari, P.S. Gorchuk, Guwahati.

    11) The said error that had crept in the two cases, has since been
    rectified by exchange of correct Verification Officer’s Reports in the concerned
    Page No.# 8/15

    and appropriate Tribunal’s record.

    12) In respect of the point that has been urged by the learned
    counsel for the petitioner, it may be mentioned that it appears from the
    Reference that the Election Commission of India had ordered revision of the
    draft electoral roll which was published on 24.07.1997, with reference to
    qualifying date of 01.01.1997. Accordingly, house-to-house enumeration was
    conducted between 16.01.1997 to 15.04.1997. As doubt was expressed about
    the citizenship of the petitioner, whose name was enumerated in the draft roll
    published on 24.07.1997, the Electoral Registration Officer had entrusted the
    Local Verification Officer to do the enquiry. The said Verification Officer had
    submitted his report in Annexure-B format to the Electoral Registration Officer of
    No. 54 West Gauhati Constituency. The said authority, thereafter, vide Annexure-
    A format, expressed his doubt about the citizenship of the petitioner.
    Accordingly, the Electoral Registration Officer had referred the matter to the
    Superintendent of Police (Border), City, Guwahati, vide reference dated
    15.10.1997, who is the competent authority under the Illegal Migrants
    (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1993/ Foreigners Act, 1946 and Rules made
    thereunder. The Superintendent of Police (Border), City, Guwahati, thereafter,
    made a reference before the then Chairman, IM(D)T, Guwahati, where IM(D)T
    Case No. 5597/98 was registered.

    13) It may also be stated that by virtue of the judgment and order
    passed by the Supreme Court of India in the case of Sarbananda Sonowal v.
    Union of India & Ors.
    , (2005) 5 SCC 665 , all the proceedings that were then
    pending before the Illegal Migrants (Determination) Tribunals [IM(D)T for
    short], were transferred to the Foreigners Tribunal having jurisdiction.
    The
    transferred reference was received by the learned Member, Foreigners Tribunal
    Page No.# 9/15

    5th, Kamrup (M), Guwahati, which was registered as F.T. Case No. 7/2024.
    Therefore, as evident from the decision of the Supreme Court of India, in the
    case of Sarbananda Sonowal (supra), the matter was transferred by the
    Supreme Court of India. Therefore, no further determination can be made by
    this Court regarding making of and/or registration of the reference.

    14) Be that as it may, the issue of the blank Verification Officer’s
    Report has been considered and decided by this Court in the case of Shukurjan
    Nessa @ Sukurjan v Union of India & Ors., W.P.(C) 245/2019, decided on
    28.02.2025. In the said case, the issue relating to reference made at the
    instance of the Electoral Registration Officer (ERO for short) has been clarified.

    15) It may be stated that as per the Verification Officer’s Report
    dated 28.09.1997, the said officer was an Assistant Engineer (Irrigation) by
    profession. It must be understood that the said officer was not trained in law
    before being entrusted with house-to-house enumeration duty. Therefore, a few
    of the column nos. of the format bear his remark as “NIL”.

    16) Hence, it is apparent that in this case in hand, the enquiry by
    the Verification Officer was not made under the provisions of the Foreigners Act,
    1946
    or the Rules framed thereunder. In an enquiry conducted under the
    Foreigners Act, 1946, the investigation is done by the Border Branch of Police
    under the authority of the Superintendent of Police (Border) and/or the Deputy
    Commissioner of Police (Border), as the case may be, of the concerned district.
    The jurisdictional Superintendent of Police (Border) is the prescribed authority to
    make reference before the Illegal Migrants (Determination) Tribunal constituted
    under the erstwhile Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983 and
    the Rules framed thereunder.

    Page No.# 10/15

    17) There is an important facet, which is contained in the judgment
    and order of this Court in the case of Sayam Uddin v. Union of India & Ors.,
    2019 (4) GLT 456, as affirmed by the Division Bench in the case of Sayam Uddin
    v. Union of India & Ors., W.A. 170/2019, decided on 29.07.2019 , is deemed
    appropriate to be referred to. As this Bench is in respectful agreement with the
    said judgment therefore, paragraphs 11 to 22 thereof are quoted below:-

    11. In the year 1997, Election Commission of India had undertaken an intensive
    revision of electoral rolls in the State of Assam as apprehensions were expressed
    from various quarters that the electoral rolls were infested with the names of
    foreigners/illegal migrants. In the course of this exercise citizenship status of as
    many as 3,13,046 persons whose names were in the draft voters lists were found
    to be doubtful and accordingly they were marked as doubtful “D” voters in the
    electoral rolls after local verification.

    12. Legality of this exercise was challenged before this Court in HRA Choudhury
    Vs Election Commission of India, reported in 2002 (1) GLT 1. The challenge made
    was rejected by a Division Bench of this Court. In HRA Choudhury (supra) this
    Court examined the guidelines dated 17.07.1997 of the Election Commission of
    India laying down the procedure to carry out the exercise.

    12.1. As per paragraph 3.8 of the guidelines the Electoral Registration
    Officer was required to consider the verification report received from the
    Local Verification Officer. If he was satisfied on such report and such other
    material/information as may be available about the eligibility of a person, he
    should allow his name to continue on the electoral roll. Where, however, he
    was not so satisfied and had reasonable doubt about the citizenship of any
    person, he was required to refer such doubtful cases to the competent
    authority under the then Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act,
    1983
    or the Foreigners Act, 1946 as the case may be. For convenience of the
    Electoral Registration Officers, Election Commission devised proformas.
    12.2. As per paragraph 3.9, after the case of a person was referred by
    the Electoral Registration Officer to the competent authority, he should wait
    for the decision of the relevant Tribunal in relation to that person and act
    according to such decision.

    12.3. As per paragraph 3.10, where the relevant Tribunal decided that
    any such person was not a citizen of India, Electoral Registration Officer
    should proceed under Rule 21 A of the Registration of Electors Rolls, 1960 to
    have the name of such person deleted from the electoral roll before it was
    Page No.# 11/15

    finally published.

    12.4. This Court in HRA Choudhury (supra) held that such guidelines
    and decision of the Election Commission were in accordance with Article 324
    of the Constitution of India besides conforming to the principles of natural
    justice. It was held that such guidelines cannot be held to be arbitrary or
    vitiated by mala fide or partiality.

    13. At this stage, it may be mentioned that the Illegal Migrants (Determination by
    Tribunals) Act, 1983 is no longer in existence, the same having been declared
    unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Sarbananda Sonowal Vs Union of India
    reported in (2005) 5 SCC 665. Therefore, in so far paragraph 3.8 of the guidelines
    dated 17.07.1997 is concerned, the reference would be under the Foreigners Act,
    1946
    .

    14. The above exercise was repeated in the year 2005 with the Election
    Commission of India again going for intensive revision of electoral rolls in the State
    of Assam taking 01.01.2005 as the qualifying date. In this connection, guidelines
    dated 17.06.2004 were issued by the Election Commission of India. Paragraph 2.2
    of the guidelines dealt with “D” voters. It was mentioned that the guidelines issued
    in 1997 would be followed while dealing with such category of persons. Paragraph
    8 dealt with verification by Electoral Registration Officers. It laid down the
    procedure while carrying out such verification including verification by Local
    Verification Officer. As per paragraph 8.6, Local Verification Officer would conduct
    the verification by making an on the spot visit and the person concerned could
    adduce any one or more of the documents mentioned therein in support of his
    claim as a citizen of India. After due verification, the Local Verification Officer was
    required to submit his report in the prescribed format. Under paragraph 8.8,
    Electoral Registration Officer on receipt of the verification report from the Local
    Verification Officer should consider the same. Where he was satisfied about the
    eligibility of a person, he should allow the name of such person to continue on the
    electoral roll but where he was not so satisfied and had reasonable doubt about
    the citizenship of any person he should refer such doubtful cases to the competent
    authority under the then Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983 or
    the Foreigners Act, 1946 in a prepared format (Annexure-B to the guidelines dated
    17.06.2004) to the competent authority for making reference to the Tribunal and
    await the decision of such Tribunal.

    15. As pointed out by Mr. Barua, in Mameja Khatun (supra) a Single Bench of this
    Court directed that “D” voters should not be allowed to cast their votes with the
    clarification that “D” voters would include persons whose names were included in
    the electoral rolls but their citizenship was doubted or disputed and also those
    whose cases were pending before the Foreigners Tribunals. This decision of the
    learned Single Bench was confirmed by the Division Bench in Writ Appeal No.
    Page No.# 12/15

    114/2011 (State Vs Mameja Khatun). By the judgment and order dated
    13.10.2015, the Division Bench directed Election Commission of India and other
    authorities to implement the directions of the Single Bench in letter and spirit.

    16. At this stage, it may also be mentioned that in WP(C) No. 274/2009 filed by
    Assam Public Works which is pending before the Supreme Court of India wherein
    NRC updation exercise in the State of Assam is being monitored by the Supreme
    Court of India, on 25.10.2013, Supreme Court clarified that as far as persons in
    the “D” list are concerned, undoubtedly they were doubtful voters and therefore
    their names could not be included unless the NRC is updated and unless the
    Foreigners Tribunals declared them to be Indian citizens.

    17. The Foreigners Act, 1946 is an act to confer upon the Central Government
    certain powers in respect of foreigners. This Act provides for the exercise of
    certain powers by the Central Government in respect of the entry of foreigners into
    India; their presence in India and their departure therefrom. Section 2 (a) defines
    a “foreigner” to mean a person who is not a citizen of India. Section 3 confers
    power to the Central Government to make orders making provision either generally
    or with respect to all foreigners or with respect to any particular foreigner or any
    prescribed class or description of foreigners, for prohibiting, regulating or
    restricting the entry of foreigners into India or their departure therefrom or their
    presence or their continued presence therein.

    17.1. In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3 of the Foreigners
    Act, 1946, Central Government made the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964.

    As per order 2 (1), the Central Government may by order refer the question
    as to whether a person is or is not a foreigner within the meaning of the
    Foreigners Act, 1946 to a Tribunal to be constituted for the purpose for its
    opinion.

    18. Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India had issued notification dated
    19.04.1958 in exercise of powers conferred by Clause-(1) of Article 258 of the
    Constitution of India whereby the President with the consent of the State
    Government concerned entrusted to the Governments of each of the States
    mentioned therein including the State of Assam the functions of the Central
    Government in making orders of the nature specified in Section 3 of the Foreigners
    Act, 1946. Another notification dated 17.02.1976 was issued by the Government of
    India, Ministry of Home Affairs in the exercise of the powers conferred by Article
    258 (1)
    of the Constitution entrusting the Superintendents of Police and Deputy
    Commissioners (In-charge of Police) under the Government of Assam the functions
    of the Central Government in making orders of the nature specified in Section 3 of
    the Foreigners Act, 1946 within their respective jurisdictions subject to the
    conditions mentioned therein which included the condition that exercise of such
    functions would be in respect of nationals of Bangladesh and that while exercising
    Page No.# 13/15

    such functions, Superintendents of Police and Deputy Commissioners (In-charge of
    Police) shall comply with such general or special directions as the Government of
    Assam or the Central Government may issue from time to time.

    19. Article 258 of the Constitution deals with power of the Union to confer powers
    etc on States in certain cases. Clause (1) of Article 258 starts with a non-obstante
    clause. It says that notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, President may
    with the consent of the Government of a State entrust either conditionally or
    unconditionally to that Government or to its officers, functions in relation to any
    matter to which the executive power of the Union extends. Clause (3) provides for
    making of payment by the Government of India to the State concerned such sum
    as may be agreed upon or in default of agreement through arbitration in respect of
    any extra-cost of administration incurred by the State in connection with the
    exercise of powers and duties of the Government of India conferred or imposed
    upon a State Government.

    20. Thus, under the Central Government notifications dated 19.04.1958 and
    17.02.1976, Government of Assam, Superintendents of Police and Deputy
    Commissioners (In-charge of Police) have been delegated the power to make
    reference to the Foreigners Tribunal under order 2 (1) of the Foreigners (Tribunals)
    Order, 1964 to seek opinion as to whether the proceedee is a foreigner or not
    within the meaning of the Foreigners Act, 1946.

    21. Thus from the above, what transpires is that there are two categories of “D”
    voters:- (i). those who were marked as “D” voters in the electoral roll by the
    Electoral Registration Officer following enquiry by Local Verification Officer; and

    (ii). those whose references are pending before the Foreigners Tribunals.

    22. In so far Electoral Registration Officer is concerned the exercise undertaken
    by him while marking a person as a “D” voter in the electoral roll is a quasi judicial
    exercise. If he holds the view after examining the enquiry report of the Local
    Verification Officer that the concerned person is not a citizen of India he is
    required to forward the case of that person to the competent authority i.e., the
    Superintendent of Police. If it is so forwarded by the Electoral Registration Officer,
    the jurisdictional Superintendent of Police has to make a reference to the
    competent Foreigners Tribunals under order 2(1) of the Foreigners (Tribunals)
    Order, 1964 based on the report received from the Electoral Registration Officer.
    Question of making further enquiry by the Superintendent of Police in such a case
    would not arise because enquiry has already been made by the Electoral
    Registration Officer by exercising quasi judicial powers and the Superintendent of
    Police cannot sit over such decision of the Electoral Registration Officer. He has to
    forward the same by making the reference to the competent Foreigners Tribunal
    for its opinion.

    Page No.# 14/15

    18) The said judgment of the learned Single Judge in the case of
    Sayam Uddin (supra), has stood affirmed by the virtue of the judgment and
    order dated 29.07.2019, passed by the Division Bench of this Court in the writ
    appeal of Sayam Uddin (supra).

    19) It would be appropriate to refer to another decision of this Court
    in the case of Amina Khatun v. Union of India & Ors., 2022 (4) GLT 102 (supra) ,
    which was decided on 28.04.2022. In the said case, the reference was made by
    the Superintendent of Police (Border), based on the Local Verification Officer’s
    Report, as forwarded by the Elector Registration Officer.
    But it appears that the
    previous decision of the learned Single Judge of this Court in the case of Sayam
    Uddin v. The Union of India & Ors.
    , 2019 (4) GLT 456 , as affirmed by the
    Division Bench of this Court in the case of Sayam Uddin v. Union of India & Ors.,
    W.A. 170/2019, decided on 29.07.2019, was not brought to the notice of this
    Court.
    Therefore, under such circumstances, the Court is of the considered
    opinion that under the well-settled principles of stare decisis, the decision in the
    case of Amina Khatun (supra) would be per incurium.
    Accordingly, the decision
    rendered in the case of Amina Khatun (supra), though not cited, will also not be
    of any help to the petitioner.

    20) It may be stated that after the IM(D)T has been disbanded,
    reference is presently being made in accordance with the Government
    Notification No. PLB.101/2005/Pt/194 dated 02.02.2006. If one needs to verify
    as to whether proceeding before the IM(D)T was transferred in this case, the
    said notification may be referred to. Hence, this Court would exercise restraint in
    making any comment on (i) the form of reference; (ii) report of the Verification
    Officer; (iii) reference by Electoral Registration Officer (ERO for short); and (iv)
    reference by the Deputy Commissioner of Police (Border), Kamrup (M),
    Page No.# 15/15

    Guwahati. Moreover, as the proceedings were transferred by virtue of orders
    passed by the Supreme Court of India, the learned Foreigners Tribunals would
    also have no power or jurisdiction to remand the reference back to the
    Superintendent of Police (Border) for a fresh enquiry by the Local Verification
    Officer and/or the Electoral Registration Officer.

    21) Thus, as the enquiry report dated 02.03.2026 is clear that the
    correct LVO Report in respect of the petitioner is now attached in the record of
    F.T. Case No. 7/2024, the Reference has to be proceeded with so as to reach to
    its logical conclusion. There is no way that the said proceedings can be quashed
    and/or dropped or rejected and no case for the same has been made out.

    22) Therefore, this writ petition fails and the same is dismissed.

    23) The petitioner shall now appear before the said learned Tribunal
    on the next date fixed and to participate in the proceedings of F.T. Case No.
    7/2024, and by producing a certified copy of this order await for further orders
    that may be passed by the said learned Tribunal on the next date fixed. In other
    words, the Reference that has been registered against the petitioner has to be
    proceeded with so as to bring it to its logical conclusion.

    24)             The parties are left to bear their own cost.
    
    25)              The learned standing counsel for the petitioner shall transmit a
    

    downloaded copy of this order to the Home and Political (B) Department.

                            JUDGE                          JUDGE
    
    
    Comparing Assistant
     



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