National Highway Authority Of India vs Sunder on 20 July, 2026

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    Himachal Pradesh High Court

    National Highway Authority Of India vs Sunder on 20 July, 2026

                                                               2026:HHC:30610
    
             IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
                                   OMP(M) No.250 of 2026
                                   Decided on: 20.07.2026
    
    
    
    
                                                                   .
    
         National Highway Authority of India                   .... Applicant.
    
    
    
    
    
                                   Versus
    
    
         Sunder                                               ...Respondent
    
    
    
    
                                            of
         Coram
         Hon'ble Mr. Justice Romesh Verma, Judge
    

    Whether approved for reporting? Yes
    rt
    For the applicant: Ms. Shreya Chauhan, Advocate.

    For the respondent: Mr. Varun Rana, Advocate.
    Romesh Verma, Judge (Oral)

    SPONSORED

    The instant application under Section 5 of the Limitation

    Act has been filed for condoning the delay in filing the present appeal,

    which is barred by 4 years and 77 days.

    2. The facts, as emerge in the present case, are that the

    land of the respondent was utilized for the construction of four-lane

    road in Ner Chowk, Manali Section of NH-21. The applicant-appellant

    initiated the acquisition proceedings under the National Highways Act,

    1956, from KM 126.500 to KM 188.917, Bilaspur Ner Chowk Section

    for the land falling under revenue estate Dayohi, Tehsil Sundernagar,

    District Mandi. The Competent Authority passed an award bearing No.

    40 dated 17.10.2013 under Section 3-G of the National Highways Act,

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    1956 and determined the compensation to the tune of Rs.12,00,000/-

    per bigha, irrespective of classification of land. The compensation for

    .

    the structure was also awarded as per the report of the registered

    Valuer duly verified by Executive Engineer, HPPWD.

    3. Feeling dis-satisfied by the quantum of compensation,

    the respondent/non-applicant filed claim under Section 3-G (5) of the

    of
    Act, 1956, before the learned Divisional Commissioner, Mandi,

    appointed by the Central Government. The learned Arbitrator partly
    rt
    allowed the claim of the claimant/respondent and enhanced the

    compensation amount of the land to the tune of Rs.26,35,000/- per

    bigha and also granted statutory benefits vide impugned award dated

    26.07.2017, however, the claim of the respondent/landowner for

    enhancement of compensation for structure was rejected.

    4. Feeling dis-satisfied with the award passed by the

    learned Arbitrator, the applicant-appellant preferred petition under

    Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act before the learned

    District Judge, Mandi, however, the said petition came to be dismissed

    on 18.11.2021.

    5. In the application which has been filed under Section 5

    of the Limitation Act, it has been contended that the impugned

    judgment was passed by the learned District Judge on 18.11.2021.

    The counsel for the applicant applied for the certified copy on

    16.01.2026, and the same was prepared and delivered on the same

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    day. It has been stated that the appeals pertaining to Mohal Dayohi

    were allotted/assigned to M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates. Despite

    .

    repeated requests, the then counsel for the applicant did not provide

    any update regarding the filing of the appeal or its status. Various

    requests were made to M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates to send the

    filing receipts and the orders passed in the appeals. However, the

    of
    same were never received. It has been further stated in the application

    that M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates were directed to file the appeals;

    rt
    however, no order or update was given by the said law firm in any of

    the matters. The applicant finally withdrew the appeals from the said

    law firm vide letter dated 23.07.2025. Thereafter, the applicant again

    contacted its counsel to procure the complete case file and requested

    the counsel to provide the entire record along with the filing numbers.

    However, in December 2025, the said M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates

    refused to hand over the record to the applicant.

    6. It has been stated that after obtaining the entire record,

    legal opinion was sought so as to determine the future course of

    action. The legal opinion was given by the Regional Office, and the

    matter was discussed at various levels for the purpose of filing the

    appeal, where it was decided to challenge the judgment of the learned

    District Judge. In this process, a delay of 4 years and 77 days has

    occurred in filing the appeal. It has been stated that the delay in filing

    the appeal is neither intentional nor willful, but the same has occurred

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    under unavoidable circumstances. Along with the application, the

    applicant has placed on record Annexure A-2, the copy of the

    .

    communication addressed by the Project Director of the present

    applicant to M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates, dated 23.09.2022,

    whereby the applicant had requested the said law firm to challenge the

    impugned order before this Court by filing the appeals under Section

    of
    37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. Annexure A-3 is the copy of

    the communication addressed to the learned senior counsel of the
    rt
    present case dated 23.07.2025, whereby the cases were entrusted to

    him. Thereafter, Annexure A-4 is the copy of the email addressed by

    the counsel to the applicant for procuring the entire record, as they

    were not in possession of the complete set of files.

    7. It has been contended by the learned counsel for the

    applicant that the delay in filing the appeal is on account of the fact that

    the law firm, namely M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates, who were

    entrusted with the cases, neither filed the appeals in time nor

    communicated or responded to the communication addressed by the

    applicant. It is the contention of the learned counsel that the present

    applicant cannot be penalized for the negligence of the law firm.

    Therefore, though the delay is on the higher side, however, keeping in

    view the attending facts and circumstances of the case, the same

    deserves to be condoned in the interest of justice.

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    8. On the other hand, the application has been vehemently

    opposed by Mr. Varun Rana, learned counsel for the non-applicant, on

    .

    the ground that the delay in filing the present appeal is intentional,

    deliberate, and willful. Since there is a huge delay of more than four

    years, therefore, in the absence of any plausible explanation, no relief

    can be granted to the present applicant. He further submits that on

    of
    account of the inaction and negligence of the applicant, the valuable

    rights which have accrued to the non-applicant/respondent cannot be
    rt
    taken away lightly. He further submits that the respondent is a poor

    villager and his land was utilized by the NHAI for the construction of the

    road way back in the year 2012. He further submits that for more than

    the last 13 years, the claimant is running after the present applicant for

    the payment of just and fair compensation. He further submits that in

    case the present application is allowed, a huge irreparable loss shall

    be caused to him, and he shall be dragged in another round of

    litigation.

    9. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties and

    have gone through the case file carefully.

    10. In the present case, the thrust of the applicant’s

    argument is that the entire delay in filing the present appeal occurred

    on account of the fact that the case in hand was entrusted to M/s Mittal

    and Mittal Advocates, vide its letter dated 23.09.2022. Though various

    averments have been made in the application explaining the reasons

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    for not filing the present appeal, admittedly, from 23.09.2022 till

    23.07.2025, no material or document has been placed on record to

    .

    demonstrate what steps were taken by the applicant for filing the

    present appeal. Even otherwise, Annexure A-2, the letter which has

    been addressed by the Project Director of the NHAI to M/s Mittal and

    Mittal Advocates, reveals that the impugned judgment was passed on

    of
    18.11.2021. However, there is no explanation as to what steps were

    taken by the applicant from the said date, i.e., from 18.11.2021 to
    rt
    23.09.2022. The said gap is missing, and no explanation has been

    offered by the present applicant. To the similar extent, after entrusting

    the cases to the learned senior counsel who is representing the

    applicant before this court since 23.07.2025, the applicant has not

    been able to establish and substantiate what steps were taken by them

    and what prevented them from filing the instant appeal from

    23.07.2025 to 16.01. 2026. The gap of nearly three years between

    23.09.2022 and 23.07.2025 is missing and has not been explained, as

    a result of which a right has accrued to the respondent/non-applicant,

    which cannot be taken away on the basis of the bald assertions made

    in the application.

    11. This court is conscious of the fact that the land of the

    respondent/non-applicant, who is a villager, was utilized for the

    construction of the road way back in 2012, and despite passing of

    more than 13 years, he is running from pillar to post to get fair

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    compensation. No plausible or cogent reasons have been assigned or

    have come forward to show what prevented the present applicant from

    .

    filing the instant appeal within time. Though the applicant has tried to

    put the entire blame on M/s Mittal and Mittal Advocates, but when

    specifically asked by this Court what action has been taken against the

    law firm, the counsel for the applicant failed to answer.

    of

    12. Generally, the Courts have adopted a very liberal

    approach in construing the phrase ‘sufficient cause’ used in Section 5
    rt
    of the Limitation Act, in order to condone delay to enable the Courts to

    do substantial justice and to apply the law in a meaningful manner that

    sub-serves the ends of justice. Notwithstanding the above, no matter

    how liberal an approach is adopted in condoning delay, the existence

    of sufficient cause for not filing the appeal in time is a condition

    precedent for exercising the discretionary power to condone the delay.

    The phrases ‘liberal approach’, ‘justice-oriented approach’, and ’cause

    for the advancement of substantial justice’ cannot be employed to

    defeat the law of limitation so as to allow stale matters or, as a matter

    of fact, dead matters to be revived and reopened by taking aid of

    Section 5 of the Limitation Act. It must always be borne in mind, while

    construing sufficient cause in deciding applications under Section 5 of

    the Limitation Act, that on the expiry of the period of limitation

    prescribed for filing an appeal, a substantive right accrues in favour of

    the decree-holder, and this right ought not to be lightly disturbed.

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    13. The Hon’ble Apex Court has repeatedly held that even

    after sufficient cause has been shown by a party for not filing an appeal

    .

    within time, the said party is not entitled to the condonation of delay as

    a matter of right, as excusing the delay is within the discretionary

    jurisdiction vested in the court. The Court, despite the establishment of

    sufficient cause, may for various reasons refuse to condone the delay,

    of
    depending upon the bona fides of the party. The liberal approach in

    considering the sufficiency of cause for delay should not be allowed to
    rt
    override the substantive law of limitation. The concept of a ‘liberal

    approach’ cannot be employed to jettison the substantial law of

    limitation. It is a well-settled principle of law that though limitation may

    harshly affect a particular party, it has to be applied with all its rigour

    when the statute so prescribes. The court has no power to extend the

    period of limitation on equitable grounds. Where a case has been

    presented in the court beyond limitation, the applicant has to explain to

    the court what the sufficient cause was which means an adequate and

    enough reason that prevented him from approaching the court within

    the period of limitation. No court would be justified in condoning such

    an inordinate delay by imposing any condition whatsoever, as in the

    present case where there is a delay of more than 4 years and 77 days

    14. The Hon’ble Apex Court in case titled as Pathapati

    Subba Reddy (died) by LRs and others vs. The Special Deputy

    Collector (LA), Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.31248 of 2018, has

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    laid down the parameters for condonation of delay in the following

    manner:

    .

    “12. In view of the above provision, the appeal which

    is preferred after the expiry of the limitation is liable to be
    dismissed. The use of the word ‘shall’ in the aforesaid

    provision connotes that the dismissal is mandatory subject
    to the exceptions. Section 3 of the Act is peremptory and
    had to be given effect to even though no objection

    of
    regarding limitation is taken by the other side or referred to
    in the pleadings. In other words, it casts an obligation upon

    rtthe court to dismiss an appeal which is presented beyond
    limitation. This is the general law of limitation. The
    exceptions are carved out under Sections 4 to 24

    (inclusive) of the Limitation Act but we are concerned only
    with the exception contained in Section 5 which empowers
    the courts to admit an appeal even if it is preferred after

    the prescribed period provided the proposed appellant
    gives ‘sufficient cause’ for not preferring the appeal within
    the period prescribed. In other words, the courts are

    conferred with discretionary powers to admit an appeal
    even after the expiry of the prescribed period provided the

    proposed appellant is able to establish ‘sufficient cause’
    for not filing it within time. The said power to condone the

    delay or to admit the appeal preferred after the expiry of
    time is discretionary in nature and may not be exercised
    even if sufficient cause is shown based upon host of other
    factors such as negligence, failure to exercise due
    diligence etc.

    13. It is very elementary and well understood that
    courts should not adopt an injustice-oriented approach in
    dealing with the applications for condonation of the delay
    in filing appeals and rather follow a pragmatic line to
    advance substantial justice.

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    14 to 20 xx xx xx xx

    .

    21. In Lanka Venkateswarlu vs. State of Andhra

    Pradesh & Ors.6, where the High Court, despite
    unsatisfactory explanation for the delay of 3703 days, had

    allowed the applications for condonation of delay, this
    Court held that the High Court failed to exercise its
    discretion in a reasonable and objective manner. High

    of
    Court should have exercised the discretion in a systematic
    and an informed manner. The liberal approach in
    considering sufficiency of cause for delay should not be
    rt
    allowed to override substantial law of limitation. The Court
    observed that the concepts such as ‘liberal approach’,

    ‘justice-oriented approach’ and ‘substantial justice’
    cannot be employed to jettison the substantial law of
    limitation.

    22. xx xx xx

    23. In Basawaraj and Anr. vs. Special Land
    Acquisition Officer
    8, this Court held that the discretion to

    condone the delay has to be exercised judiciously based
    upon the facts and circumstances of each case. The

    expression ‘sufficient cause’ as occurring in Section 5 of
    the Limitation Act cannot be liberally interpreted if

    negligence, inaction or lack of bona fide is writ large. It was
    also observed that even though limitation may harshly
    affect rights of the parties but it has to be applied with all
    its rigour as prescribed under the statute as the courts
    have no choice but to apply the law as it stands and they
    have no power to condone the delay on equitable
    grounds.

    24. It would be beneficial to quote paragraph 12 of the
    aforesaid decision which clinches the issue of the manner
    in which equilibrium has to be maintained between

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    adopting liberal approach and in implementing the statute
    as it stands, Paragraph 12 reads as under:

    “12. It is a settled legal proposition that law of

    .

    limitation may harshly affect a particular party but it has

    to be applied with all its rigour when the statute so
    prescribes. The Court has no power to extend the period

    of limitation on equitable grounds. “A result flowing from a
    statutory provision is never an evil. A Court has no power
    to ignore that provision to relieve what it considers a

    of
    distress resulting from its operation.” The statutory
    provision may cause hardship or inconvenience to a

    rt particular party but the court has no choice but to enforce
    it giving full effect to the same. The legal maxim dura lex
    sed lex which means “the law is hard but it is the law”,

    stands attracted in such a situation. It has consistently
    been held that, “inconvenience is not” a decisive
    factor to be considered while interpreting a statute.”

    15. It is contended by the learned counsel for the applicant

    that, being an instrumentality of the State, a liberal approach should be

    adopted while condoning the delay in filing the application under

    Section 5 of the Limitation Act. She submits that since the file went

    through different channels and because it is an agency of the State,

    the Court should adopt a liberal approach while considering the said

    application

    16. To the said submission of learned counsel for the

    applicant, Mr. Varun Rana, learned counsel for the respondent, has

    placed on record the copy of the judgment as passed by the Hon’ble

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    Apex Court in Shivamma (dead) by LRs vs. Karnataka Housing

    Board & others, Civil Appeal No.11794 of 2025, decided on 12th

    .

    September, 2025, whereby Hon’ble Apex Court has held that

    irrespective of whether the litigant is a Government entity or a private

    person, the provisions of law applicable are the same, and as such

    same consideration that is shown by the courts to a private party, when

    of
    claiming the protection of Section 5 of the Limitation Act, should also

    be adopted towards the State. The expression “sufficient cause”

    rt
    cannot be construed too liberally merely because the party is the

    Government, the courts are bound to accept readily whatever has been

    stated on behalf of the state.

    17. The Hon’ble Apex Court has deprecated the

    condonation of delay in filing the appeal therein that was occasioned

    not by any unavoidable circumstance, but by the sheer inefficiency and

    ineptitude of the Government pleaders concerned, merely because the

    party seeking condonation happened to be the State. in doing so, the

    Hon’ble Apex Court had observed that the concepts such as liberal

    approach, justice-oriented approach, substantial justice cannot be

    employed to thwart the substantial law of limitation, particularly in

    cases where the court concludes that there is no justification for the

    delay. The distinction between the State or any instrumentality, vis-a-

    vis the private individual for the purpose of Section 5 of The Limitation

    Act should be understood in its proper context and true spirit.

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    18. The Hon’ble Apex Court further observed that the State

    or any of its instrumentality cannot be put on the same footing as a

    .

    private party for the purpose of condonation of delay under Section 5 of

    the Limitation Act. The Hon’ble Apex Court while passing the judgment

    has given a clear message to the State and all its instrumentalities that

    a leisurely and lethargic approach cannot continue for all times to

    of
    come. The State and all public authorities to constitute legal cells to

    examine the cases whether any legal principles are involved in the
    rt
    decisions by the courts. If not, then endeavour should be made

    towards arriving at a settlement, instead rather than re-agitating the

    related causes before the courts. Differential treatment cannot continue

    for all times to come.

    19. The Hon’ble Apex Court after setting aside the judgment

    passed by the High Court, whereby the delay was condoned,

    dismissed the application for condonation of delay by imposing cost of

    Rs.25,000/- on the respondent in the said case. It has been held by the

    Hon’ble Apex Court that limitation periods are prescribed to maintain a

    sweeping scope for the lis to attain for finality. More than the

    importance of the judicial time, what worries is the plight of the litigant

    with limited means, who is to contest against an enormous State, and

    its elaborate and never-exhausting paraphernalia. Such litigations

    deserve to be disposed of at the very threshold because, say if a party

    litigating against the State for whatever reason is unable to contest the

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    condonation of delay in appeal, unlike the present case, it reopens the

    lis for another round of litigation and leaves such litigant listless.

    .

    20. The said exposition of law has been reiterated in various

    judgments by the Hon’ble Supreme Court.

    21. In the present case, the applicant-NHAI has filed the

    application to make out a case for the condonation of delay. The entire

    of
    burden has been shifted on M/s Mittal & Mittal, Advocates, and it has

    been averred that on account of their negligence, the present appeal
    rt
    could not be filed. Interestingly, the applicant has failed to establish or

    demonstrate from the record what steps were taken by the applicant

    from the date the impugned judgment was passed by the learned

    District Judge, Mandi. Not even a single communication has been

    placed on record to show that any correspondence was made by the

    applicant to the said legal firm prior to 23.09.2022. Even thereafter, for

    three years, no steps were taken by the present applicant to inquire

    about the pendency or status of the case. From 23.09.2022 till

    23.07.2025, no explanation has come forward on behalf of the

    applicant to show and establish that the applicant was prompt in

    dealing with the present case and that there was no negligence on the

    part of the applicant in filing the present appeal.

    22. Though, in substance, it has been contended by the

    learned counsel for the applicant that the applicant was not aware of

    the filing of the appeal, if any, by M/s Mittal & Mittal, Advocates, and

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    that they were under the impression that the appeals stood filed by the

    said law firm, there is no explanation on behalf of the applicant as to

    .

    what steps were taken by them except for the letter (Annexure A-2) to

    inquire about the pendency/status of the cases.

    23. The learned counsel for the respondent has drawn the

    attention of this court to the reply, whereby it has been stated that the

    of
    averments and contents of the application are false, incorrect, and

    mischievous. When the non-applicant filed the execution petition, the
    rt
    counsel for the present applicant put in an appearance before the

    learned executing court and also deposited the entire awarded amount

    before the said executing court, based upon which the execution was

    ordered to be closed. The said fact has been stated by the non-

    applicant on affidavit, which also falsifies the case of the present

    applicant. Once the learned counsel for the applicant/JD put in an

    appearance in the execution proceedings and subsequently accepted

    the same by depositing the awarded amount, the allegations and

    averments made in the application do not hold good and are found to

    be false and incorrect.

    24. The stand as has been adopted by the learned counsel

    for the applicant that on account of the fault of the legal firm, the delay

    of 4 years 77 days has occurred in filing the present appeal, the

    Hon’ble Apex Court in Rajneesh Kumar & Anr. vs. Ved Prakash,

    SLP(Civil) Nos.935-936 of 2021, has held that as noticed over a

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    period of time that a tendency on the part of litigants to blame their

    lawyers of negligence and carelessness in attending the proceedings

    .

    before the court is coming forward. It has been observed that even if, it

    is assumed that the concerned lawyer was careless or negligent, this

    by itself cannot be a ground to condone the long and inordinate delay,

    as the litigant owes a duty to be vigilant of his own rights and is

    of
    expected to be equally vigilant about the judicial proceedings pending

    in the court initiated at his instance. The litigant, therefore, should not
    rt
    be permitted to throw the entire blame on the head of the Advocate

    and thereby disowns him at any time and seek relief.

    25. It is well settled that Advocate is the agent of the party.

    His acts and statements, made within the limits of the authority given to

    him, are the acts and statements of the principal, i.e. the party who

    engages him. It is true that in certain situations the court may, in the

    interest of justice, set aside a dismissal order or an ex-parte decree

    notwithstanding the negligence or misdemeanour of the Advocate

    where it finds that the client was an innocent litigant, but there is no

    such absolute rule that a party can disown its advocate at any time and

    seek relief. No such absolute immunity can be recognized. Such an

    absolute rule would make the working of the system extremely difficult.

    The Hon’ble Apex Court in the said judgment has held as follows:

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    “10. It appears that the entire blame has been thrown
    on the head of the advocate who was appearing for the
    petitioners in the trial court. We have noticed over a period

    .

    of time a tendency on the part of the litigants to blame their

    lawyers of negligence and carelessness in attending the
    proceedings before the court. Even if we assume for a

    moment that the concerned lawyer was careless or
    negligent, this, by itself, cannot be a ground to condone
    long and inordinate delay as the litigant owes a duty to be

    of
    vigilant of his own rights and is expected to be equally
    vigilant about the judicial proceedings pending in the court
    initiated at his instance. The litigant, therefore, should not
    rt
    be permitted to throw the entire blame on the head of the
    advocate and thereby disown him at any time and seek

    relief.

    S.L.P. (CIVIL) NOS. 935-936 OF 2021

    11.In the aforesaid context, we may refer to a decision of

    this Court in the case of Salil Dutta v. T.M. & M.C. Private
    Ltd.
    reported in (1993) 2 SCC 185, wherein this Court
    observed as under:-

    “8. The advocate is the agent of the party. His acts and
    statements, made within the limits of authority given to

    him, are the acts and statements of the principal i.e. the
    party who engage him. It is true that in certain situations,

    the court may, in the interest of justice, set aside a
    dismissal order or an ex parte decree notwithstanding the
    negligence and/or misdemeanour of the advocate where it
    finds that the client was an innocent litigant but there is no
    such absolute rule that a party can disown its advocate at
    any time and seek relief. No such absolute immunity can
    be recognized. Such an absolute rule would make the
    working of the system extremely difficult. The observations
    made in Rafiq [AIR 1981 SC 1400] must not be
    understood as an absolute proposition. As we have

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    mentioned hereinabove, this was an ongoing suit posted
    for final hearing after a lapse of seven years of its
    institution. It was not a second appeal filed by a villager

    .

    residing away from the city, where the court is located. The

    defendant is also not a rustic ignorant villager but a private
    limited company with its head office at Calcutta itself and

    managed by educated businessmen who know where their
    interest lies. It is evident that when their applications were
    not deposed of before taking up the suit for final hearing

    of
    they felt piqued and refused to appear before the court.
    May be, it was part of their delaying tactics as alleged by
    the plaintiff. May be not. But one thing is clear they chose
    rt
    to noncooperate with the court. Having adopted such a
    stand towards the court, the defendant has no right to ask

    its indulgence. Putting the entire blame upon the advocate
    and trying to make it out as if they S.L.P. (CIVIL) NOS.
    935-936 OF 2021 were totally unaware of the nature or

    significance of the proceedings is a theory which cannot
    be accepted and ought not to have been accepted.”

    (Emphasis supplied)

    12. As regards the law of limitation, we may refer to the
    decision of this Court in Bharat Barrel & Drum MFG Go. v.

    The Employees State Insurance Corporation, (1971) 2
    SCC 860, wherein this Court held as under:-

    “The necessity for enacting periods of limitation is to
    ensure that actions are commenced within a particular
    period, firstly to assure the availability of evidence
    documentary as well as oral to enable the defendant to
    contest the claim against him; secondly to give effect to
    the principle that law does not assist a person who is
    inactive and sleeps over his rights by allowing them when
    challenged or disputed to remain dormant without
    asserting them in a Court of law. The principle which forms
    the basis of this rule is expressed in the maximum

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    19 2026:HHC:30610

    vigilantibus, non dermientibus, jura sub- veniunt (the laws
    give help to those who are watchful and not to those who
    sleep). Therefore, the object of the statutes of limitations is

    .

    to compel a person to exercise his right of action within a

    reasonable time as also to discourage and suppress stale,
    fake or fraudulent claims.” (Emphasis supplied)”

    26. To the similar effect is the judgment of the Hon’ble Apex

    of
    Court in Sanjay Singh and another vs. Central Himalayan Land

    Development Company Ltd., (2019) 12 SCC, 218, wherein the
    rt
    parameters for condonation of delay have been laid down in the

    following manner.

    “15. But, what is more striking is that the delay to the tune
    of 721 days was condoned by the High Court when there
    was no satisfactory explanation. In CIVIL APPEAL NO.

    1928 OF 2019 (@ SLP(C) NO.24690 OF 2018) SANJAY
    SINGH AND ANR. VS. CENTRAL HIMALAYAN LAND

    DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. our view, there was gross
    negligence on part of the respondent and the explanation

    offered in support of the prayer for condonation does not
    appear to be correct. This is evident from the fact that no

    effective steps were taken to pursue the complaint which
    was lodged against the then advocate. In the petition for
    special leave, it was asserted that the complaint against
    the Advocate was not being proceeded with and the
    respondent had remained absent on the relevant date.
    Said assertion was not answered satisfactorily in the
    affidavit in reply filed in this Court. Taking totality of the
    circumstances, in our view the delay ought not to have
    been condoned by the High Court. We, therefore, accept
    the submission of the appellants and set aside the order

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    20 2026:HHC:30610

    condoning delay. Consequently, the First Appeal also
    stands dismissed.”

    .

    27. This court is of the considered view that a poor villager,

    whose land was utilized for the construction of the road, has been

    deprived of his properties, is running from pillar to post for the last 13

    years. In case the present application is allowed, the respondent will be

    of
    thrown into another round of litigation for years to come. As rightly

    pointed out by the learned counsel for the respondent that since the
    rt
    delay is inordinate and unexplained and is more than 4 years 77 days,

    it cannot be condoned in any eventuality. The applicant has failed to

    make out a case for the condonation of delay as no sufficient reasons

    have been assigned in the application.

    28. Consequently, in view of the observations made

    hereinabove, the present application, being devoid of any merit,

    deserves to be dismissed. Ordered accordingly.

    29. Pending application(s), if any, shall also stand disposed

    of.

    ( Romesh Verma )
    Judge
    20th July, 2026
    (vt)

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