M/S Lumber India Corporation vs Union Territory Of J And K And on 10 April, 2026

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    Jammu & Kashmir High Court – Srinagar Bench

    M/S Lumber India Corporation vs Union Territory Of J And K And on 10 April, 2026

       HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH
                      AT SRINAGAR
    
    
    WP(C) No. 733/2023                     Reserved on:    07.04.2026
    CM No. 1730/2023                       Pronounced on: 10 .04.2026
    CM No. 5002/2024                       Uploaded on: 15.04.2026
    
                                           Whether the operative part or full
                                           judgment is pronounced: Full
    
    
      M/S LUMBER INDIA CORPORATION
      THROUGH ITS CO-PROPRIETOR GHULAM
      NABI DAR (SENIOR CITIZEN)
      AGED 69 YEARS, S/O LATED ABDUL
      REHMAN DAR, R/O BEMINA SRINAGAR
    
                                            .... Petitioner(s)
                               Through:-    Mr. M.Y. Bhat, Sr. Adv. and
                                            Mr. Hamza Prince , Adv
    
    
    
    
                         Vs.
    
      1. UNION TERRITORY OF J AND K AND
         KASHMIR THORUGH
         COMMISSIONER CUM SECRETARY
         TO GOVT. TOURSIM DEPARTMENT
         CIVIL SECRETARIATE SRAINGAR
      2. MANAGING DIRECTOR, JAMMU           .....Respondent(s)
         AND KASHMIR, TOURSIM
         DEVLOPENT CORPORATION, TRC,
         SRINAGAR
      3. EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, JAMMU
         AND KASHMIR, TOURISM
         DEVELOPMENT COORPORATION,
         SRIANGAR
      4. JAMMU AND KASHMIR, SMALL
         SCALE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
         COORPORATION THORUGH ITS
         GENERAL MANAGER PROJECTS
         KASHMIR
    
                               Through:-    Mr. Hakeem Aman Ali, Dy.AG
                                            Mr.Waseem Gul, GA for R-4
                                 WP(C) No. 733/2023                    Page 2 of 17
    
    
    
    CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE WASIM SADIQ NARGAL, JUDGE
    
                                    JUDGMENT
    

    Brief Facts

    1. The present writ petition has been filed by the petitioner invoking
    the writ jurisdiction of this Court, inter alia, seeking a direction for
    release of admitted dues arising out of works duly allotted by the
    respondents. It is the case of the petitioner that the works stood
    executed in accordance with the approved specifications and to the
    satisfaction of the competent authorities, yet the admitted amount
    payable has remained withheld for several years without any
    justifiable cause.

    SPONSORED

    2. It is averred that despite repeated representations and sustained
    efforts made by the petitioner for release of its legitimate dues, no
    effective steps were taken by the respondents, thereby constraining
    the petitioner to approach this Court.

    SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER;

    3. The Learned counsel Mr. Hamza Prince for the petitioner submits
    that the present writ petition has been filed seeking appropriate
    directions for release of admitted dues arising out of works duly
    executed by the petitioner pursuant to allotments made by the
    respondents. It is contended that the petitioner has fulfilled all
    contractual obligations, and the works in question stand completed
    in accordance with the approved specifications and to the
    satisfaction of the concerned authorities.

    4. It is further submitted that the inaction on the part of the respondents
    is arbitrary and unreasonable, being violative of Article 14 of
    the Constitution of India, and contrary to the statutory mandate
    contained in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
    Development Act, 2006
    , which obligates timely payment along with
    interest in case of delay.

    5. It is submitted that M/s Lumber India Corporation is a registered
    Small Scale Industrial Unit engaged in the construction of new
    buildings, renovation of old structures, and manufacture of joinery
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 3 of 17

    items/furniture and has undertaken works for various Government
    Departments and its performance, including quality of construction
    and supply of goods, has consistently been found satisfactory.

    6. Learned counsel further submitted that the petitioner unit has been
    executing construction works and supplying joinery/furniture items
    and materials to Government Departments and Government-owned
    Corporations through the Jammu and Kashmir Small Scale
    Industrial Development Corporation.

    7. It is submitted that respondent No. 3, vide communication dated
    15.12.2014, requested SICOP to furnish a pro-forma bill for
    construction of a hut at Tourist Village Cheshma Shahi. In response
    thereto, the Project Engineer, SICOP, vide communication dated
    06.01.2015, furnished a detailed cost estimate with a request for
    acceptance of the offer and release of funds for execution of the
    work.

    8. It is further submitted that the Project Engineer, SICOP, vide
    communication dated 16.01.2015, authorized the petitioner unit to
    undertake construction of a 2 BHK Hut (Duplex) at Tourist Village
    Cheshma Shahi, with a direction to complete the work expeditiously
    in accordance with the specifications contained in the estimate.

    9. It is submitted that a similar order was placed by the Project
    Engineer, SICOP, vide communication dated 06.10.2016, for up
    gradation/renovation of Hut No. 216 at Cheshma Shahi belonging to
    the Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation.

    10.It is contended that the aforesaid works, entrusted through SICOP,
    were duly executed by the petitioner to the satisfaction of the
    concerned authorities by engaging requisite manpower and
    resources. It is submitted that although certain payments were
    released from time to time, an admitted balance amount of ₹47.47
    lakhs has remained unpaid since the year 2017. Despite repeated
    efforts, the balance payment has not been released, compelling the
    petitioner to lodge a grievance before the SICOP Grievance Cell,
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 4 of 17

    which culminated in a communication dated 19.02.2021 addressed
    to respondent No. 2.

    11.It is further submitted that despite continuous follow-up and
    representations since 2015, no effective steps have been taken by the
    respondents to redress the grievance of the petitioner, leaving no
    option but to approach this Court by way of the present writ petition.

    12.It is submitted that once the work orders stood executed, the
    respondents became legally bound to release the payments due to
    the petitioner. The respondents, being Government entities, have
    unjustifiably withheld the legitimate dues of the petitioner for
    several years despite having derived full benefit from the works
    executed.

    13.It is contended that the respondents cannot evade their liability on
    the ground of non-availability of funds. It is submitted that the works
    were consciously allotted and, upon completion, were taken over by
    the concerned department.

    14.It is further submitted that in terms of the provisions of the Micro,
    Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006
    , particularly
    Sections 15, 16 and 17 thereof, the respondents are statutorily bound
    to make payment within 45 days from the date of acceptance of the
    work. In case of delay, the buyer is liable to pay compound interest
    at three times the bank rate notified by the Reserve Bank of India,
    calculated on a monthly basis. Accordingly, the petitioner claims
    entitlement to the principal amount along with statutory interest.

    15.It is submitted that the actions and omissions of the respondents are
    arbitrary, unreasonable and violative of settled legal principles as
    well as statutory provisions. Such action is in contravention of
    Article 14 of the Constitution of India. It is contended that the
    petitioner has been unjustly deprived of legitimate dues, adversely
    affecting its business. The withholding of payment for years together
    is arbitrary and without justification, infringing upon the legal rights
    of the petitioner. It is, accordingly, prayed that the writ
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 5 of 17

    petition be allowed and the respondents be directed to release the
    admitted amount along with statutory interest.

    SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENTS

    16.Per contra, two sets of replies have been filed by respondents no.
    1,2,3 and 4. Respondents No. 1 to 3, in their reply, have contended
    that Respondent No. 4 (SICOP) functions merely as a facilitator
    between the indenting Government Departments and the registered
    SSI Units. It is submitted that once the work is executed to the
    satisfaction of the indenting department, the payment is released in
    favour of Respondent No. 4, which in turn disburses the same to the
    concerned SSI Unit. It is contended that no payment has been
    released by the indenting department and, therefore, no liability can
    be fastened upon the respondent no. 4.

    17.It is further submitted that no cause of action has accrued to the
    petitioner against the respondent no.4 and, as such, the writ petition
    is liable to be dismissed.

    18.Respondents No. 1 to 3 have, in their reply, specifically contended
    that there exists no privity of contract between the petitioner and the
    respondents. It is submitted that the works in question were allotted
    to Respondent No. 4 (SICOP), and any engagement of the petitioner
    for execution of such works was an independent arrangement
    between Respondent No. 4 and the petitioner. The respondents were
    neither parties to the said arrangement nor privy to the terms and
    conditions governing the same. It is, accordingly, urged that no
    contractual or legal liability can be fastened upon Respondents No.
    1 to 3, and the writ petition, insofar as it seeks relief against them, is
    liable to be dismissed

    19.Learned counsel for respondent no. 4 submitted that it is not
    disputed that an indent was received from the J&K Tourism
    Development Corporation for construction of a 2BHK duplex at
    Tourist Village, Cheshmashahi, pursuant whereto the cost estimate
    submitted by SICOP was accepted and the work was allotted. It is
    also not denied that the work stands executed and that an amount
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 6 of 17

    of Rs. 34.80 lakhs has been released, while the balance amount
    remains unpaid. The non-release of balance payment is attributed to
    the indenting department.

    20.Respondent No. 4, has reiterated that it acts only as a facilitating
    agency between the indenting department and the SSI Units and has
    no independent role in the matter of release of funds. It is submitted
    that the respondent 4 has not received the full payment from the
    indenting department and, therefore, cannot be held liable for
    disbursement of the same to the petitioner.

    21.It is, however, admitted by Respondent No. 4 that the works in
    question were allotted through it, the petitioner was authorized to
    execute the same, and the works were completed in terms of the
    approved estimates and handed over to the indenting department on
    20.06.2015. It is further admitted that out of the total amount, a sum
    of Rs. 34.80 lakhs has been released, whereas the remaining amount
    is still outstanding despite repeated requests made to the indenting
    department.

    22.The sum and substance of the stand taken by the respondents in both
    the replies is that Respondent No. 4 is merely an intermediary, the
    release of payment is dependent upon availability of funds with the
    indenting department, and in the absence of such release, no
    enforceable liability can be fastened upon the respondents.

    23.It is submitted that despite repeated communications and requests
    made by the respondent no.4 to the indenting Department for
    release of the outstanding amount, the same has not been released.

    24.It is further submitted that the respondent no.4 has consistently
    apprised the indenting Department to release the outstanding
    payments so that the same could be disbursed to the petitioner. It is
    thus contended that the liability to release the payment rests solely
    upon the indenting Department, and the respondent no.4 , being only
    a facilitating agency, cannot be held responsible for the alleged non-
    payment.

    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 7 of 17

    LEGAL ANALYSIS

    25.Heard Learned Counsel for the parties at length and perused the
    material on record.

    26.At the threshold, it is to be noted that the foundational facts are
    largely undisputed. The allotment of works to the petitioner through
    the respondent no. 4, the execution of such works in accordance with
    the approved estimates, and the handing over of the completed
    works to the indenting Department stand admitted. The record
    further reflects that the works were accepted without objection and
    that part payments have been released. These admitted
    circumstances clearly establish that the liability to pay for the works
    executed has crystallized in favour of the petitioner.

    27.The respondents 1 to 3 have contended that there exists no privity of
    contract between the petitioner and the respondents and, therefore,
    no liability can be fastened upon them. It is not in dispute that the
    works in question were executed by the petitioner pursuant to
    allotment through Respondent No. 4. The execution of work was
    within the knowledge and with the approval of the respondents, and
    the same has been duly accepted. The State, and its instrumentalities
    in the law is constituted as a single entity, and the petitioner cannot
    be compelled to suffer on account of lack of coordination or
    financial management between its departments. The obligation to
    ensure payment for works executed under valid allotment lies
    squarely upon the respondents collectively. Once the State and its
    instrumentalities have availed the benefit of the work so executed,
    they cannot evade liability by raising a hyper-technical plea of lack
    of privity.

    28.The respondents 1 to 3 have also contended that the writ petition is
    not maintainable on the ground that the dispute is contractual in
    nature. It is well settled that where the claim arises out of admitted
    and undisputed liability, and the State or its instrumentalities
    withhold payment arbitrarily, the writ jurisdiction under Article 226
    of the Constitution can be invoked.

    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 8 of 17

    29.The Hon’ble Supreme Court in case titled ‘ABL International Ltd.
    and Another v. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India
    Ltd. and Others
    ‘ (2004 (3) SCC 553 has observed that
    “It is clear from the above observations of this Court in the
    said case though a writ was not issued on the facts of that
    case, this Court has held that on a given set of facts if a State
    acts in an arbitrary manner even in a matter of contract, an
    aggrieved party can approach the court by way of writ
    under Article 226 of the Constitution and the court
    depending on facts of the said case is empowered to grant the
    relief.”

    30.The contention of the respondent no . 4 that it merely acts as a
    facilitator also does not absolve it of responsibility. The allotment of
    work has admittedly been routed through it and the execution has
    taken place under its authority. In such circumstances, the
    respondent no. 4 cannot absolve from its role in ensuring that the
    petitioner receives the payment due. The liability to pay, in the
    present case, is thus clearly attributable to the respondents, who are
    bound to act in a coordinated manner to discharge their obligations.

    31.This Court cannot overlook the fact that the dues in question have
    remained unpaid for an inordinate period of time. Such delay,
    particularly in respect of admitted amounts, is not only a breach of
    contractual obligations but also violative of the constitutional
    mandate of fairness and reasonableness. Article 14 of
    the Constitution of India enjoins upon the State to act in a fair,
    reasonable and non-arbitrary manner in all its dealings. The
    prolonged withholding of legitimate dues, without any justifiable
    cause, is clearly arbitrary and cannot be sustained.

    32. In [Madras Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. T.N. Electricity Board
    Reported
    as 2023 SCC OnLine SC 783 ,the Hon’ble Supreme
    Court held that
    “39 ,A Bench of two learned Judges of this Court
    in Kumari Shrilekha Vidyarthi and Others v. State of
    U.P. and Others7
    observed that there exists “an
    obvious difference” between contracts concerning
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 9 of 17

    private parties to those which have State as a party.
    The primary difference being that the State while
    exercising its powers and discharging its functions
    “acts indubitably, as is expected of it, for public good
    and in public interest”. The said factor singularly is
    sufficient to bring into any transaction the minimal
    requirements of public law, to which the State is a
    party. The fact that a dispute falls into the contractual
    realm does not (1991) 1 SCC 212 relieve the State of
    its obligation to comply with the requirements
    of Article.”

    This Court, in WP(C) 3061/2023 titled Mohd Ashraf vs UT of
    J&K
    decided on 25.02.2026 has observed as under

    “This Court is of the considered view that the duty of
    the State to pay for work executed and enjoyed is a
    constitutional obligation flowing from Article 14, and
    delay in seeking enforcement of such right cannot
    absolve the State from its responsibility. Article 14 of
    the Constitution of India guarantees equality before
    the law and equal protection of laws. The
    jurisprudence under Article 14 has evolved far
    beyond formal equality; it now encompasses the
    principle that State action, whether legislative,
    executive, or contractual, must not be arbitrary,
    unreasonable, or unfair. The Government, when
    entering into contracts or dealing with contractors,
    does not shed its constitutional obligations. Unlike a
    private party, the State is bound to act as a model
    litigant. Once the liability is admitted, such as when
    work is duly executed, measured, and certified, the
    withholding of the payment without justification
    amounts to arbitrary action and thus falls foul of
    Article 14.”

    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 10 of 17

    33.It goes without saying that the State is expected to function as a
    model litigant. It cannot take advantage of its dominant position to
    delay payment of admitted dues and thereafter seek to absolve itself
    by raising technical pleas. If the State seeks to rely upon procedural
    safeguards and limitation against a citizen, it must equally be held
    accountable for its own delays. Each day’s delay in release of
    payment, where liability is admitted, must be supported by a cogent
    explanation. In the absence thereof, the delay must be held to be
    unjustified.

    34.The respondents have sought to justify the non-payment on the
    ground of non-availability of funds. This Court finds the said
    defense to be wholly untenable. It is not in dispute that the work
    stands executed and has been duly accepted by the respondents.
    Once the execution of work is admitted, the obligation to make
    payment stands crystallized and cannot be deferred on the plea of
    paucity of funds or want of administrative approval

    35.This view is further fortified by a judgment rendered by this Court
    in M/s Saint Solider Engineer and Contractor Pvt Ltd vs Union
    Territory of J&K & Ors
    , decided on 26.09.2025, wherein it has
    been held as under:

    “20. It is well settled that execution of work gives rise to a
    corresponding obligation upon the State to honour its financial
    commitments. Any administrative approval or availability of funds is
    a matter to be ensured by the department prior to the allotment of
    work. After the execution of the contract, no “post facto” objection
    can be raised to deny or delay payment.

    21. This Court is constrained to observe that in numerous cases
    involving government contracts, despite completion of work in
    accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract, the
    payments due to contractors are not released in a timely manner. The
    delay is often attributed to administrative reasons, such as the need
    for administrative approval or the alleged paucity of funds or the
    funds being diverted to other projects to frustrate the claim of the
    contractors. In the present case as well, despite admitted
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 11 of 17

    liability and due completion of work by the petitioner well in time the
    payment has been unjustifiably withheld for a considerable period of
    time.

    36. The aforesaid principle squarely applies to the facts of the present
    case. The respondents, having allotted the work and accepted its
    execution, cannot be permitted to raise the plea of non-availability
    of funds or internal administrative constraints to justify the
    withholding of admitted dues.

    37.This Court is of the considered opinion that once the execution of
    the work is admitted and it is not in dispute that the respondents have
    derived full benefit therefrom, it does not lie in their mouth to
    contend, at a belated stage, that funds were not available or that
    requisite administrative approvals were lacking. Such pleas, raised
    post facto, are nothing but an attempt to evade a lawful liability and
    are wholly untenable in law. It is trite and well settled through a
    catena of judgments that the State and its instrumentalities cannot
    shirk their financial obligations on the ground of paucity of funds,
    particularly after having accepted and utilized the work executed for
    their benefit. The obligation to make payment, in such
    circumstances, attains a binding character and cannot be rendered
    illusory by internal administrative deficiencies or financial
    constraints. To countenance such a defence would not only amount
    to permitting the State to unjustly enrich itself at the expense of the
    petitioner but would also strike at the very foundation of fairness and
    reasonableness that underpins State action under Article 14 of the
    Constitution. The respondents, having enjoyed the fruits of the work
    executed, are estopped from raising such pleas, and the liability to
    honour the corresponding payment stands crystallized and
    enforceable in law.

    38.Further, the Division Bench of this Court in Union Territory of
    J&K & Ors. vs. Mohammad Afzal Reshi
    (decided on
    04.09.2024) has, in no uncertain terms, deprecated the practice of
    withholding admitted dues on the pretext of paucity of funds and has
    observed that such an excuse is “abominable and condemnable
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 12 of 17

    in the strongest words”. For facility of reference same is reproduced
    as under:

    “19. Under the circumstances, this Court feels that an
    order needs to be passed in this particular Letters
    Patent Appeal which is exemplary and deterrent in
    nature to prevent the Union Territory from filing such
    frivolous cases and delaying the relief granted to the
    litigants. In this particular case, the respondent herein
    has been kept waiting for nine (9) years from the year
    2015 for the payment of his just dues which are not
    disputed. He was compelled to file writ petition only
    because his admitted dues were not being paid by the
    Union Territory for six long years on the grounds of
    paucity of funds which excuse is abominable and
    condemnable in the strongest words. The UT LPA No.
    121/2023 The government is part of the Union
    Government which is the repository of the lion’s share
    of the wealth generated in this country in the first
    instance and thereafter distributed to the states. It
    shocks the conscience that we tout ourselves as the fifth
    largest economy in the world, aspiring to be the third
    largest soon, but do not have the funds to pay the
    legitimate dues of the respondent amount to Rs. 20.97
    Lacs, which denigrates and puts to doubt the lofty
    claims of the economic prowess of the country”

    39. Applying the aforesaid principles to the case in hand, it is evident
    that the respondents have themselves admitted execution of the work
    and partial release of payment, thereby leaving no dispute with
    regard to the existence of liability. The only justification sought to
    be projected is the alleged non-availability of funds. The petitioner
    herein has also been constrained to approach this Court on account
    of non-release of admitted dues, despite completion of work and
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 13 of 17

    repeated requests, which situation is strikingly similar to the one
    noticed in the aforesaid judgment.

    40.In such circumstances, this Court is of the considered view that the
    stand taken by the respondents is not only legally untenable but also
    contrary to the principles of fairness and reasonableness expected of
    the State. The ratio laid down by the Division Bench clearly
    mandates that admitted dues cannot be withheld on such specious
    grounds, and any such attempt deserves to be strongly discouraged.

    41.It is also well settled that where payment is wrongfully withheld, the
    aggrieved party is entitled to compensation by way of interest. The
    grant of interest in such cases is not merely discretionary but is
    founded upon principles of equity, justice and good conscience. In
    cases involving Micro and Small Enterprises, the statutory
    framework further mandates timely payment and provides for
    enhanced liability in case of delay. The object of such provisions is
    to ensure that small units are not subjected to financial hardship on
    account of delayed payments by State entities.

    42.The aforesaid view stands reinforced by the earlier judgment of this
    court in WP(C) No. 2513/2022 titled “M/s Tech Build & Associate
    vs UT of J&K & Ors
    “, decided on 09.05.2025, wherein it has been
    held as under:.

    “The execution of works stands admitted by the
    respondents, and the relevant details have also been
    provided by them. The respondents cannot avoid
    their liability to pay by taking refuge in the absence
    of technical sanction and administrative approval,
    especially when the responsibility for obtaining such
    approvals rested solely with them. Despite this, the
    respondents are denying the claim on the ground of
    lack of administrative approval. This plea is not
    available to them, as it was within their domain to
    ensure the requisite approvals were obtained. They
    cannot now raise this plea at this stage to defeat the
    legitimate claim of the petitioner.

    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 14 of 17

    43.Further the Hon’ble High Court of Jharkhand in case titled as
    “Ajmani Infrastructure and Projects Private Limited, through its
    Director Mr. Kunal Ajmani Versus State of Jharkhand and
    Others” reported as 2025 SCC OnLineJhar 3117 has observed as
    under:

    “Viewed thus, we hold that in the present case, the
    respondents have failed to act in a fair manner.
    Therefore, actions in not making payment to the
    petitioner despite admission by their own officers, is
    completely arbitrary. Against such arbitrary action,
    the writ petition is maintainable as the State cannot
    be allowed to take advantage of their own wrong.”

    44.The consequences of delayed payments cannot be viewed lightly.
    Contractors executing public works operate within limited financial
    margins and rely upon timely payments for sustenance of their
    business. Unjustified withholding of dues leads to financial strain,
    erosion of creditworthiness, and, in many cases, irreparable business
    loss. The State cannot be permitted to enjoy the benefit of completed
    works while denying the corresponding financial entitlement to the
    executing party.

    45.This Court is of the considered view that the principle of fairness
    demands that the State cannot be placed in a position where it suffers
    no consequence for its delay, while the contractor bears the entire
    burden. Accordingly, where delay in release of payment is
    attributable to the State and is not supported by any legal or
    contractual justification, the State must be held liable to pay interest
    for the delayed period.

    46.This Court also deems it necessary to emphasize the need for
    administrative accountability. Recurrent instances of delayed
    payments point towards systemic deficiencies in financial planning
    and governance. It is incumbent upon the authorities to ensure that
    funds are duly earmarked prior to issuance of work orders. Once the
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 15 of 17

    work is completed and accepted, payment ought to be released
    without delay. Any lapse in this regard must invite appropriate
    consequences.

    47.In appropriate cases, where delay is attributable to negligence or
    inaction of responsible officials, it would be open to the competent
    authority to fix accountability and take necessary action in
    accordance with law. The burden of interest liability arising out of
    such delay should not invariably fall upon the public exchequer, but
    may be recovered from the erring officials after due process.

    48.The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case titled Dr. Poornima
    Advani & Anr. Versus Government of NCT & Anr reported as
    2025 LiveLaw (SC) 254 has observed as under:

    “17. Thus, when a person is deprived of the use of his money to
    which he is legitimately entitled, he has a right to be compensated
    for the deprivation which may be called interest or
    compensation. Interest is paid for the deprivation of the use of
    money in general terms 11 which has returned or compensation
    for the use or retention by a person of a sum of money belonging
    to other.”

    49.In view of the aforesaid discussion, this Court is satisfied that the
    petitioner has established a clear legal right to receive the admitted
    dues. The respondents, having accepted the work and partially
    discharged their liability, cannot be permitted to withhold the
    balance amount without any lawful justification. The defence sought
    to be raised by the respondents does not withstand judicial scrutiny.
    The grant of interest in such cases is founded upon principles of
    equity, justice and good conscience, and in cases involving Micro
    and Small Enterprises, the statutory framework further mandates
    timely payment along with enhanced liability in case of delay.

    50.The consequences of delayed payments are significant, particularly
    for small-scale units, which operate within limited financial
    capacity. Unjustified withholding of dues results in financial
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 16 of 17

    hardship and adversely impacts business viability. The State cannot
    be permitted to derive benefit from completed works while denying
    the corresponding financial entitlement to the executing party.

    51.This Court also deems it appropriate to emphasize the need for
    administrative accountability. Authorities must ensure availability
    of funds prior to allotment of works. Failure in this regard cannot be
    used as a defense to defeat legitimate claims.

    CONCLUSION;

    52.In view of the aforesaid, this Court is of the considered view that the
    petitioner has established a clear, enforceable and legally protected
    right to receive the admitted dues arising out of works duly executed
    and accepted by the respondents. The liability, having once
    crystallized, cannot be permitted to be diluted or defeated by pleas
    which are extraneous to law.

    53.Despite the catena of judgments and a well settled position of law,
    the respondents continue to withhold such admitted dues on grounds
    which are wholly untenable in law, such as administrative delays,
    pendency of approvals, or alleged paucity of funds. Such pleas, in
    the considered view of this Court, are nothing but attempts to shift
    the burden of internal inefficiencies onto the shoulders of the
    executing parties, which is impermissible.

    54.The State, being a welfare entity, is expected to act fairly, reasonably
    and in a responsible manner in all its dealings. The practice of
    compelling citizens to seek judicial intervention for enforcement of
    admitted claims cannot be approved and deserves to be deprecated.

    55.It must be emphasized that once the State has availed the benefit of
    work executed, it is under a corresponding obligation both legal and
    constitutional to ensure timely payment. Any failure in this regard
    strikes at the core of Article 14 of the Constitution of India, which
    mandates fairness, reasonableness and non-arbitrariness in State
    action.

    56.In the aforesaid circumstances, this Court deems it appropriate not
    only to grant relief to the petitioner, but also to reiterate the position
    already enunciated by this Court in M/s Saint Soldier Engineers &
    WP(C) No. 733/2023 Page 17 of 17

    Contractors Pvt. Ltd. vs. Union Territory of J&K & Ors., that
    the State is under an obligation to ensure timely release of admitted
    and undisputed dues and cannot compel parties to seek judicial
    redress for enforcement of such claims and emphasized the necessity
    of putting in place an effective and time-bound mechanism for
    disbursement of admitted liabilities. It is, therefore, expected that the
    respondents shall adhere to and ensure strict compliance with the
    directions issued therein.

    57.In the light of what has been discussed hereinabove and also in view
    of the settled position of law laid down by this Court, the instant writ
    petition is allowed and the respondents are directed to consider the
    case of the petitioner for the release of the admitted liability in
    favour of the petitioner to the tune of ₹47.47 lakhs within a period
    of four (04) weeks from the date a copy of this order along with writ
    petition and annexures are made available to respondents. It is made
    clear, failing such compliance within the stipulated period, the
    petitioner shall be entitled to interest @ 6% per annum on the
    aforesaid amount from the date the said amount was due and not
    paid by respondent. The writ petition is disposed of, along with all
    connected application.

    (Wasim Sadiq Nargal)
    Judge

    Srinagar:

    “MUBASHIR”

                               Whether the order is speaking          :       Yes/No
                               Whether approved for reporting         :       Yes/No
     



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