Lokesh S/O Rameshchand vs State Of Rajasthan on 8 May, 2026

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    Rajasthan High Court – Jaipur

    Lokesh S/O Rameshchand vs State Of Rajasthan on 8 May, 2026

    [2026:RJ-JP:18728]
    
            HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
                        BENCH AT JAIPUR
    
            S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application No.
                                   14358/2025
    
    Sitaram @ Udham Meena S/o Madanlal, Aged About 40 Years,
    
    R/o Khadia Police Station Harnavadashahji Dist. Baran Rajasthan.
    
    (At Present Confined In Sub Jail Chhabara).
                                                                       ----Petitioner
                                         Versus
    State Of Rajasthan, Through PP
                                                                     ----Respondent

    Connected With

    S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application No.
    4256/2026

    SPONSORED

    1. Lokesh S/o Rameshchand, R/o Village Digod Jagir Police

    Station Harnavadashahji District Baran. At Present In Sub

    Jail, Chhabra District Baran.

    2. Rampratap @ Golu S/o Radhakishan, R/o Village Digod Jagir

    Police Station Harnavadashahji District Baran. At Present In

    Sub Jail, Chhabra District Baran.

    —-Petitioners

    Versus
    State Of Rajasthan, Through PP

    —-Respondent

    S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application No.
    4633/2026
    Ramgopal S/o Parmanand, R/o Bhumriya, P.s. Kamkheda, Tehsil

    Manoharthana, District Jhalawar Rajasthan ( At Present Confined

    In Sub Jail Chhabra, Baran)

    —-Petitioner

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    Versus
    State Of Rajasthan, Through P.P.

    —-Respondent

    For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Girish Khandelwal,
    Mr. Harendra Singh,
    Mr. Samarth Sharma
    For Respondent(s) : Mr. Shree Ram Dhakar, P.P.

    HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE GANESH RAM MEENA
    Order

    Arguments concluded on ::: April 24, 2026
    Reserved on ::: April 24, 2026
    Pronounced on ::: May 08, 2026

    1. These three bail applications have been filed by the

    accused-petitioners under Section 483 of the Bharatiya Nagarik

    Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 in connection with FIR No. 94/2025

    registered at Police Station Harnavda Shahji, District Baran, for

    offence under Sections 8, 15 and 25 of the N.D.P.S. Act, 1985.

    2. Learned counsel appearing for the accused- petitioner,

    Sitaram, submitted that as per facts on record, five bags

    recovered from the vehicle Bolero, are said to have containing the

    contraband Doda Chura (Poppy Husk) and on weighing, it was

    found 79.400 kg. Learned counsel further submitted that the

    seizure memo was prepared on 31.05.2025 and the said

    contraband, said to have been in five bags, was marked as ‘A’, ‘B’,

    ‘C’, ‘D’, and ‘E’ but the Seizure Officer has taken only two samples,

    one to be sent for the FSL and other one as a control sample. The

    learned counsel also submitted that the samples were required to

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    be taken from all the five bags and in absence of samples from

    each bag, only the contraband recovered from the bags of which

    samples have been taken, can be treated to be the contraband

    recovered and weight of that comes to be less than commercial

    quantity. He also submitted that the inventory was prepared on

    06.06.2025 and the samples were sent to the FSL on 11.06.2025,

    i.e. after five days’, whereas they were required to send the

    samples within 72 hours. Counsel further submitted that the

    accused-petitioner is in custody since 31.05.2025 and the Police

    after completion of the investigation has submitted charge-sheet

    in the matter.

    3. Learned counsel appearing for the accused-petitioners

    Lokesh and Rampratap submitted that the accused-petitioners

    have been implicated in this case only on the basis of the

    statements of the co-accused. He further submits that there is no

    other material evidence on record so as to connect the accused-

    petitioners with the alleged offence. Counsel also submitted that

    the accused-petitioners are in custody since 19.02.2026 and the

    allegation against them is that they loaded the alleged contraband

    in the vehicle.

    4. Learned counsel for the accused-petitioner Ramgopal

    submitted that the accused-petitioner has been implicated in this

    case with the aid of Section 8/29 of the NDPS Act. He further

    submits that the accused-petitioner has been implicated on the

    basis of the statements of the co-accused. He further submits that

    the allegations against the accused-petitioner is that he got loaded

    the alleged contraband in the vehicle with the help of accused-

    Lokesh and Rampratap.

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    5. Learned Public Prosecutor opposed these bail

    applications and submitted that the contraband in the present

    criminal case is Doda Chura (Poppy Husk), weighing 79.400 kg,

    which is more than commercial quantity. He also submitted that

    samples of the alleged contraband have been taken as per

    provisions of law. He also submitted that the issue of delay in

    sending the samples to the FSL, cannot be scrutinized at this

    stage, without there being evidence of the material witnesses

    before the Trial Court. He furter submitted that the accused-

    petitioners have failed to show that they are not guilty, as such

    satisfaction is required under Section 37 of the NDPS Act.

    6. Considered the submissions made by the learned

    counsels for the accused-petitioners as well as learned Public

    Prosecutor and also perused the challan papers and other

    materials available on record.

    7. Learned counsel for the accused-petitioner (Sitaram)

    has submitted that only two samples have been taken, whereas

    the contraband recovered was in five bags and the Seizure Officer

    was required to take two samples from each of the bag. He has

    referred the judgment passed by this Court in case of Hariram

    V/s State of Rajasthan in S.B. Criminal Misc. Bail

    Application No. 741/2026 decided on 20.04.2026.

    8. As per the facts, in the case of Hariram (Supra),

    there was a specific report, i.e., an inventory report, according to

    which six bags, containing contraband, were recovered, which

    were marked and samples were taken only from two bags.

    However, in the present case, five bags containing the alleged

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    contraband, weighing 79.400 kg of Doda Chura (poppy husk),

    have been recovered.

    As per the contents of the First Information Report and

    the seizure memo, after the samples were taken, the alleged

    contraband was sealed and packed in the same separate bags,

    which were thereafter marked as ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, and ‘E’. This

    indicates that before taking samples, the alleged contraband,

    which was recovered in five bags, was taken out of those bags and

    mixed together, and thereafter kept again in the same bags and

    were marked as bags ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, and ‘E’.

    Once the recovered contraband in separate bags is

    mixed and samples is taken out of that mixture, then those

    samples will be treated for whole of the contraband, which might

    be later on packed in separate same bags. In view of this

    distinguishing feature of the present case from the case of

    Hariram (supra), the observations made by this Court in cse of

    Hariram (supra) are not applicable to the present case.

    9. The second submission made by the learned counsel for

    the accused-petitioner (Sitaram) is that the inventory was

    prepared on 06.06.2025, whereas the samples were sent to the

    FSL on 11.06.2025.

    10. This kind of alleged discrepancies in the procedure of

    seizure of the contraband, cannot be appreciated at this stage

    without there being evidence of the material witness pertaining to

    the seizure i.e. Seizure Officer.

    11. The Co-ordinate Bench of Principal Seat at Jodhpur in

    case of Vijay Meena vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors. (S.B.

    Criminal Writ Petition No.770/2026) decided on 10.04.2026

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    in para Nos.4 to 6 has dealt with such alleged discrepancies and

    legality of search and seizure.

    “4. Upon a considered evaluation of the submissions
    advanced and the material placed on record, this Court
    is of the view that the substratum of the petitioner’s
    challenge essentially rests upon disputation of the
    prosecution narrative, particularly with regard to the
    authenticity and credibility of the seizure and arrest
    memos, as well as the alleged sequence of events
    culminating in his implication.

    4.1 It is trite that the criminal justice process unfolds in
    a well-defined procedural continuum, commencing from
    investigation, followed by submission of the police
    report under Section 173 Cr.P.C., taking of cognizance
    by the competent court, framing of charges, recording
    of prosecution evidence, and thereafter affording the
    accused an opportunity to enter upon defence. The
    stage of adjudication of rival factual claims and
    appreciation of evidence is thus statutorily reserved for
    trial.

    4.2 The petitioner, in essence, seeks pre-trial
    adjudication of disputed questions of fact by inviting
    this Court to test the veracity of the prosecution case,
    particularly on the premise that the recovery is
    fabricated and that he was unlawfully detained prior to
    the alleged seizure. Such contentions, being
    intrinsically evidentiary in nature, necessarily require a
    full-fledged trial wherein the prosecution evidence is
    subjected to cross-examination and the defence is
    afforded an opportunity to substantiate its version.
    4.3 The contention of the petitioner regarding
    discrepancies in the timing and preparation of memos,
    as well as the plea of false implication, constitute
    matters squarely falling within the domain of trial
    appreciation. These aspects pertain to the credibility,
    trustworthiness, and evidentiary value of the
    documents prepared during investigation, which cannot
    be conclusively adjudicated in writ jurisdiction without
    a detailed evidentiary inquiry.

    4.4 It is further observed that, as per the prosecution
    case, a substantial quantity of contraband (ganja) has
    been recovered, and there is no categorical material on
    record at this stage to conclusively establish that the

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    recovery was pre-planned, foisted, or fabricated. The
    alleged inconsistencies highlighted by the petitioner, at
    best, raise triable issues requiring adjudication by the
    trial court upon appreciation of evidence.
    4.5 This Court is, therefore, of the considered opinion
    that entering into an evaluative exercise regarding the
    correctness of the recovery memo, arrest memo, or the
    sequence of events, at this interlocutory stage, would
    amount to pre-empting the trial and rendering findings
    on disputed factual issues an exercise which is neither
    permissible nor desirable in writ jurisdiction. In my
    considered view, such an approach would mean
    conducting a mini trial before the actual trial.
    4.6 Judicial propriety further mandates that where the
    trial is already underway, higher courts ought to refrain
    from recording definitive findings on factual
    controversies which are sub judice before the trial
    court. Any such interference would not only disrupt the
    procedural sanctity of trial but may also prejudice
    either of the parties.

    5. The legal position governing the stage-wise
    consideration of defence material stands authoritatively
    settled by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in State of
    Rajasthan v. Swarn Singh @ Baba, CRLA
    No.856/2024
    arising of SLP (Criminal)
    No.346/2021 decided on 12.02.2024 wherein it has
    been unequivocally held that the right of the accused to
    rely upon material in support of his defence does not
    ordinarily arise at the pre-trial or charge stage, and
    such entitlement crystallizes only during the stage of
    defence evidence.
    The Court, relying upon the dictum
    in State of Orissa v. Debendra Nath Padhi, (2025)
    1 SCC 568 emphasized that the necessity or
    desirability of documents must be assessed with
    reference to the stage of proceedings, and that
    permitting the accused to invoke defence material
    prematurely would be contrary to the statutory scheme
    of criminal trial.

    5.1 Applying the aforesaid principle to the present
    case, the petitioner’s attempt to impeach the
    prosecution case on the basis of alleged discrepancies
    and defence material at this stage is clearly premature
    and legally untenable. The petitioner is, however, at
    liberty to raise all such contentions before the trial
    court at the appropriate stage, in accordance with law.

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    6. Accordingly, while leaving all the issues raised by the
    petitioner particularly concerning the legality of
    recovery, authenticity of memos, and alleged false
    implication; open to be agitated at the appropriate
    stage during trial, this Court refrains from expressing
    any opinion on the merits thereof. The petitioner shall
    be at liberty to produce all relevant material before the
    trial Court for the purpose of its scrutiny at appropriate
    stage, in accordance with law, and the trial court is
    expected to adjudicate the same uninfluenced by any
    observations made herein.”

    12. The accused-petitioners Lokesh and Rampratap said to

    have been implicated as accused on the basis of the statement of

    the co-accused from whose possession the alleged contraband has

    been recovered. During investigation, call detail records and other

    material were collected by the investigating agency, which show

    that the accused-petitioners Lokesh, Rampratap and Ramgopal

    were having regular conversation with each other which speaks of

    the connectivity of all the accused with each other.

    13. As per the investigation report, the accused Sitaram is

    said to be with accused- Mahendra in the alleged vehicle from

    which the alleged contraband was recovered; however, the

    accused Mahendra absconded from the spot. After the arrest of

    accused- Mahendra, he was interrogated and he stated that he

    had purchased the alleged contraband from one Biramchand

    Lodha, and the petitioner Lokesh is said to have loaded that

    alleged contraband in the vehicle. It has also been brought on

    record that two other criminal cases of a similar nature,

    punishable under the NDPS Act, have been registered against the

    accused-petitioner Lokesh, and one such criminal case is pending

    against the accused-petitioner Ramgopal.

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    14. On the scrutiny of the investigation report so far,

    though, the investigation against the accused-petitioners Lokesh,

    Rampratap and Ramgopal is still not completed, this Court prima

    facie finds that the petitioners have not been able to convince this

    Court as regards the satisfaction required under Section 37 of the

    NDPS Act, that petitioners are not guilty of an offence.

    15. This Court in case of Shakti Gurjar Vs. State of

    Rajasthan & Anr. (S.B. Criminal Misc. Bail Application

    No.13814/2023) decided on 30.07.2024 has observed as

    under:-

    “22. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Narcotics
    Control Bureau Vs. Mohit Agarwal (Criminal Appeal
    Nos.1001-1002 of 2022) decided on 19.07.2022 after
    taking into consideration the provisions of section 37 of the
    Act of 1985 has observed in paras 11, 12, 13 and 14 as
    under:-

    “11. It is evident from a plain reading of the non-
    obstante clause inserted in sub-section (1) and the
    conditions imposed in sub-section (2) of Section 37
    that there are certain restrictions placed on the power
    of the Court when granting bail to a person accused of
    having committed an offence under the NDPS Act. Not
    only are the limitations imposed under Section 439 of
    the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to be kept in
    mind, the restrictions placed under clause (b) of sub-
    section (1) of Section 37 are also to be factored in. The
    conditions imposed in sub- section (1) of Section 37 is
    that (i) the Public Prosecutor ought to be given an
    opportunity to oppose the application moved by an
    accused Criminal Appeal Nos. ………… of 2022 @
    Petitions for Special Leave to Appeal (Criminal) No.
    6128-6129 OF 2021 person for release and (ii) if such
    an application is opposed, then the Court must be
    satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for
    believing that the person accused is not guilty of such
    an offence. Additionally, the Court must be satisfied
    that the accused person is unlikely to commit any
    offence while on bail.

    12. The expression “reasonable grounds” has come
    up for discussion in several rulings of this Court. In

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    “Collector of Customs, New Delhi v. Ahmadalieva
    Nodira” a decision rendered by a Three Judges Bench of
    this Court, it has been held thus:-

    “7. The limitations on granting of bail come in
    only when the question of granting bail arises on
    merits. Apart from the grant of opportunity to the
    Public Prosecutor, the other twin conditions which
    really have relevance so far as the present
    accused-respondent is concerned, are: the
    satisfaction of the court that there are reasonable
    grounds for believing that the accused is not
    guilty of the alleged offence and that he is not
    likely to commit any offence while on bail. The
    conditions are cumulative and not alternative.
    The satisfaction contemplated regarding the
    accused being not guilty has to be based on
    reasonable grounds. The expression “reasonable
    grounds” means something more than prima facie
    grounds. It contemplates substantial probable
    causes for believing that the accused is not guilty
    of the alleged offence. The reasonable belief
    contemplated in the provision requires existence
    of such facts and circumstances as are sufficient
    in themselves to justify satisfaction that the
    accused is not guilty of the alleged offence.”

    [emphasis added]

    13. The expression “reasonable ground” came up for
    discussion in “State of Kerala and others Vs. Rajesh
    and others
    ” and this Court has observed as below:

    “20. The expression “reasonable grounds” means
    something more than prima facie grounds. It
    contemplates substantial probable causes for
    believing that the accused is not guilty of the
    alleged offence. The reasonable belief
    contemplated in the provision requires existence
    of such facts and circumstances as are sufficient
    in themselves to justify satisfaction that the
    accused is not guilty of the alleged offence. In the
    case on hand, the High Court seems to have
    completely overlooked the underlying object of
    Section 37 that in addition to the limitations
    provided under the CrPC, or any other law for the
    time being in force, regulating the grant of bail,
    its liberal approach in the matter of bail under the
    NDPS Act is indeed uncalled for.” [emphasis
    added]

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    14. To sum up, the expression “reasonable grounds”

    used in clause (b) of Sub-Section (1) of Section 37
    would mean credible, plausible and grounds for the
    Court to believe that the accused person is not guilty of
    the alleged offence. For arriving at any such
    conclusion, such facts and circumstances must exist in
    a case that can persuade the Court to believe that the
    accused person would not have committed such an
    offence. Dove-tailed with the aforesaid satisfaction is
    an additional consideration that the accused person is
    unlikely to commit any offence while on bail.”

    23. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Mohd.
    Muslim @ Hussain Vs. State (NCT of Delhi
    ), reported
    in (1980) 1 SCC 81 has observed as under:-

    “18. The conditions which courts have to be cognizant
    of are that there are reasonable grounds for believing
    that the accused is “not guilty of such offence” and that
    he is not likely to commit any offence while on bail.
    What is meant by “not guilty” when all the evidence is
    not before the court? It can only be a 18 As per the
    counter-affidavit dated 21.02.2023 filed by the
    respondent-state before this court. prima facie
    determination. That places the court’s discretion within
    a very narrow margin. Given the mandate of the
    general law on bails (Sections 436, 437 and 439, CrPC)
    which classify offences based on their gravity, and
    instruct that certain serious crimes have to be dealt
    with differently while considering bail applications, the
    additional condition that the court should be satisfied
    that the accused (who is in law presumed to be
    innocent) is not guilty, has to be interpreted
    reasonably. Further the classification of offences under
    Special Acts (NDPS Act, etc.), which apply over and
    above the ordinary bail conditions required to be
    assessed by courts, require that the court records its
    satisfaction that the accused might not be guilty of the
    offence and that upon release, they are not likely to
    commit any offence. These two conditions have the
    effect of overshadowing other conditions. In cases
    where bail is sought, the court assesses the material
    on record such as the nature of the offence, likelihood
    of the accused co-operating with the investigation, not
    fleeing from justice: even in serious offences like
    murder, kidnapping, rape, etc. On the other hand, the
    court in these cases under such special Acts, have to

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    address itself principally on two facts: likely guilt of the
    accused and the likelihood of them not committing any
    offence upon release. This court has generally upheld
    such conditions on the ground that liberty of such
    citizens have to – in cases when accused of offences
    enacted under special laws – be balanced against the
    public interest. ”

    24. The recent view of the Hon’ble Apex Court and
    other Courts after having due consideration to the
    provisions of section 37 of the Act of 1985 is that while
    granting bail to a person accused of an offence punishable
    for the offence involving commercial quantity, the Court
    should record its satisfaction that there are reasonable
    grounds for believing that he is not guilty of such offence
    and that he is not likely to commit any offence while on
    bail.

    25. The counsel appearing for the accused petitioner
    has referred the judgment of Ranjitsingh
    Brahmajeetsing Sharma (supra) relating to a case for
    offence under the provisions of Maharashtra Control of
    Organised Crime Act, 1999
    , wherein there is a similar
    section like section 37 of the Act of 1985. In that case, the
    Hon’ble Apex Court granted bail.

    26. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case Mohammed
    Anis Vs. Union of India & Ors.
    , reported in 1994
    Supp(1) SCC 145 has observed as under:-

    “Apex Court has been conferred extraordinary powers
    by Article 142(1) of the Constitution so that it can do
    complete justice in any cause or matter pending before
    it. The question regarding the width and amplitude of
    this Court’s power under Article 142(1) came up for
    consideration before this Court in Delhi Judicial Service
    Assn., Delhi v. State of Gujarat
    and again before the
    Constitution Bench in Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of
    India
    . In the first case this Court observed that the
    power conferred by Article 142 (1) coupled with the
    plenary powers under Articles 32 and 136 empowers
    the Court to pass such orders as it deems necessary to
    do complete justice to the cause or matter brought
    before it. This power to do complete justice is entirely
    of different level and of a different quality which cannot
    be limited or restricted by provisions contained in
    statutory law. No enactment made by the Central or
    State Legislature can limit or restrict the Court’s
    powers under Article 142(1) though while exercising it

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    the Court may have regard to statutory provisions (See
    paragraphs 50 and 51 of the judgment). In the second
    case this Court clarified that the expression “cause or
    matter” must be construed in a wide sense to
    effectuate the purpose of conferment of power. This
    power has been conferred on the Apex Court only and
    the exercise of that power is not dependent or
    conditioned by any statutory provision. The
    constitutional plenitude of the powers of the Apex
    Court is to ensure due and proper administration of
    justice and is intended to be co-extensive in each case
    with the needs of justice of a given case and to
    meeting any exigency. Very wide powers have been
    conferred on this Court for due and proper
    administration of justice and whenever the Court sees
    that the demand of justice warrants exercise of such
    powers, it will reach out to ensure that justice is done
    by resorting to this extraordinary power conferred to
    meet precisely such a situation. True it is, that the
    power must be exercised sparingly for furthering the
    ends of justice but it cannot be said that its exercise is
    conditioned by any statutory provision. Any such view
    would defeat the very purpose and object of
    conferment of this extraordinary power. In the Union
    Carbide
    case this Court observed as under: (SCC
    p.634, para 83)
    “It is necessary to set at rest certain misconceptions in
    the arguments touching the scope of the powers of this
    Court under Article 142(1) of the Constitution…. The
    proposition that a provision in any ordinary law
    irrespective of the importance of the public policy on
    which it is founded, operates to limit the powers of the
    Apex Court under Article 142(1) is unsound and
    erroneous.”

    Proceeding further, the Court observed: (SCC p.635,
    para 83)
    “The power under Article 142 is at an entirely different
    level and of a different quality. Prohibitions or
    limitations on provisions contained in ordinary laws
    cannot, ipso facto, act as prohibitions or limitations on
    the constitutional powers under Article 142.”
    That is so for the obvious reason that statutory
    provisions cannot override constitutional provisions and
    Article 142(1) being a constitutional power cannot be
    limited or conditioned by any statutory provision.”

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    27. This Court has to go by the provisions of
    statutory law because any order of the Court without
    considering the provisions of the law in force or contrary to
    the same is said to be per-incurrium and this Court would
    like to restrain itself from passing such order.

    28. In the present case there is recovery of
    contraband weighing more than the commercial quantity as
    notified and also there are five other criminal cases pending
    against the petitioner. There are no reasons for satisfaction
    of this Court so as to believe that the accused petitioner is
    not guilty of offences under the provisions of the Act of
    1985 and that he is not likely to commit any offence while
    on bail as he is already facing five other criminal cases.

    29. Drug abuse has taken its toll in almost all the
    districts of Rajasthan. The addicts primarily belong to youth
    age. The high rate of drug consumption is leading to issues
    like illegal trade, drug trafficking, and smuggling. The
    problem of drug addiction has a significant bearing on drug
    trafficking which has become a significant challenge for
    governments and social reformers. The NCB reports that
    the main internal factor for drug trafficking in India is the
    illicit cultivation of opium, poppy and cannabis. Also, the
    diversion from licit opium sources to illegal opium
    production is a major concern. In the trends of 2020,
    Rajasthan is among the 3 major states, along with Uttar
    Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, from where the opium is
    trafficked to other parts of the country.”

    16. Taking into consideration the overall facts and

    circumstances of the case and more particularly the fact that the

    alleged contraband is weighing more than commercial quantity

    and is said to have been recovered from the possession of the

    accused Sitaram and there is evidence against the other accused

    petitioners as regards their connectivity with the possession and

    transportation of the alleged contraband and so also the fact that

    other criminal cases of similar nature are also pending against

    them, this Court is not inclined to enlarge the accused-petitioners

    on bail.

    (Uploaded on 12/05/2026 at 07:47:13 AM)
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    [2026:RJ-JP:18728] (15 of 15) [CRLMB-14358/2025]

    17. Accordingly, all these three bail applications filed by the

    accused-petitioners are dismissed.

    18. A copy of this order be placed in connected bail

    applications.

    (GANESH RAM MEENA),J

    SHRUTI SHARMA

    (Uploaded on 12/05/2026 at 07:47:13 AM)
    (Downloaded on 06/07/2026 at 12:58:45 PM)

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