Kumari Puja vs Avinash Kumar Pandey on 30 June, 2026

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    Jharkhand High Court

    Kumari Puja vs Avinash Kumar Pandey on 30 June, 2026

    Author: Sujit Narayan Prasad

    Bench: Sujit Narayan Prasad, Sanjay Prasad

                                                        2026:JHHC:19782-DB
    
    
    
           IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
                              F.A. No. 189 of 2025
                                    -------
    

    Kumari Puja, aged about 30 years, wife of Avinash Kumar Pandey,
    daughter of Ashok Kumar Pandey, resident of Flat No.M/1 Tube Colony,
    P.O. Baridih, P.S. Sidhgora, Town Jamshedpur, District-East Singhbhum
    … … Appellant/Appellant
    Versus
    Avinash Kumar Pandey, aged about 33 years, son of Sanjay Kumar Pandey,
    resident of Qr. No.2 N-4, Gaghra Road, Old Baridih, P.O. Baridih, P.S.
    Sidhgora, Town Jamshedpur, District-East Singhbhum
    … … Respondent/ Opposite Party

    With
    F.A. No. 328 of 2023

    SPONSORED

    ——-

    Avinash Kumar Pandey, aged about 33 years, son of Sanjay Kumar Pandey,
    resident of Qr. No.2N-4, Gaghra Road, Old Baridih, P.O. Baridih, P.S.
    Sidhgora, Town Jamshedpur, District-East Singhbhum
    … … Respondent/ Appellant

    Versus
    Kumari Puja, aged about 30 years, wife of Avinash Kumar Pandey,
    daughter of Ashok Kumar Pandey, resident of Flat No.M/1 Tube Colony,
    P.O. Baridih, P.S. Sidhgora, Town Jamshedpur, District-East Singhbhum,
    Jharkhand
    … … Petitioner/Respondent

    ——-

    CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SUJIT NARAYAN PRASAD
    HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJAY PRASAD

    ——-

    In F.A. No.189 of 2025

    For the Appellant      : Mr. J.N. Upadhyay, Advocate
                             Mr. Mayank Kumar, Advocate
                             Mr. Rahul Kumar, Advocate
                             Ms. Kavita Kumari, Advocate
                             Ms. Harshikha Kumari, Advocate
    For the Respondent     : Ms. Ashwini Priya, Advocate
                             Mr. Akhouri Awinash Kumar, Advocate
    In F.A. No.328 of 2023
    For the Appellant      : Ms. Ashwini Priya, Advocate
                             Mr. Akhouri Awinash Kumar, Advocate
    For the Respondent     : Mr. J.N. Upadhyay, Advocate
                             Mr. Mayank Kumar, Advocate
                             Mr. Rahul Kumar, Advocate
                             Ms. Kavita Kumari, Advocate
                             Ms. Harshikha Kumari, Advocate
    
    
    
                         ----------------------------
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                                                           2026:JHHC:19782-DB
    
    
    
    CAV on 14/05/2026                                Pronounced on 30/06/2026
    
    F.A. No.189 of 2025
    
    Prayer
    
    

    1. The present appeal has been preferred by the appellant-wife under

    Section 19(1) of the Family Courts Act, 1984, assailing the Judgment dated

    26.05.2023 passed by the learned Additional Principal Judge, Family

    Court-I, East Singhbhum at Jamshedpur in Original Suit No. 475 of 2021.

    By the said judgment, the marriage between the parties stood dissolved, and

    the respondent-husband was directed to pay a sum of ₹8,00,000/- towards

    adjustment of cash and other properties received by him at the time of

    marriage. The appellant-wife, being dissatisfied with the quantum so

    awarded, has preferred the instant appeal seeking enhancement of the said

    amount.

    F.A. No.328 of 2023

    Prayer

    2. The instant appeal preferred by the appellant-husband under Section

    19(1) of the Family Courts Act, 1984 is directed against the Judgment dated

    26.05.2023 passed by the learned Addl. Principal Judge, Addl. Family

    Court-I, East Singhbhum at Jamshedpur in Original Suit No.475 of 2021,

    whereby and whereunder, the learned Family Judge has been dissolve the

    marriage vide decree of divorce and the appellant-husband was directed to

    pay sum of Rs.8,00,000/-, in lieu of cash and other property received by

    him in the marriage. The appellant/husband is aggrieved to the extent that

    the appellant was directed to pay sum of Rs.8,00,000/- (Rupees Eight

    Lakh), in lieu of cash and other property.

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    3. Since both these appeals emanate from a common judgment and order,

    they are accordingly being disposed of by this common order/judgment.

    Facts

    4. Since both the appeals are arising out of common judgment dated

    26.05.2023 and similar facts are there and as such, the facts of the cases are

    required to be referred herein.

    5. The brief facts of the cases as mentioned in impugned order, which

    required to be enumerated, need to be referred as under:

    6. It is the case that the petitioner/plaintiff is the legally married wife of

    the respondent/husband and their marriage was performed on 24.02.2019

    according to Hindu rites and customs at parental house of the petitioner. It

    is further stated that both the parties and their parents have been living at

    Jamshedpur and all the rites and rituals of the marriage was celebrated. In

    the said marriage as per the demand of the respondent and his parents, the

    petitioner’s father has given Rs. 10,00,000/- cash to the respondent in

    presence of the witnesses and the petitioner’s parent and their relatives, have

    given various gift articles of wooden bed alongwith cushions and pillows,

    almirah, T.V. Set, Air Conditioner, Gold and Silver Ornaments and other

    domestic articles worth of Rs. 15,00,000/- to the Respondent. After few

    days of marriage, the respondent and his parents started torturing the

    petitioner physically and mentally and demanded more amount of Rs.

    20,00,000/- and they also put the demand before the Petitioner about

    transfer of her salary to the joint account of petitioner and her respondent

    husband and the respondent and his parents pressurized to compel the

    petitioner’s parent to fulfill the said demand.

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    7. It has been stated that when the petitioner refused to fulfill the aforesaid

    demand, they started abusing in filthy languages and threatened with dire

    consequences to do away with her life. Despite threats with criminal

    intimidation, the petitioner continued her conjugal life at the matrimonial

    home having keeping in view in her mind that the respondent and his family

    members would pay sufficient regard with much influence in future, but the

    respondent and their family members did not do so and the respondent and

    his family members continued torturing by not providing sufficient food

    and other requirements of daily life to the petitioner.

    8. It is stated that the respondent/husband and his family members created

    environment of domestic violence in their house. The respondent and their

    family members deprived her from right to reside in the house of the

    respondent. The respondent and his family members have brutally beaten

    and misbehaved with the petitioner affecting her self-respect and body, the

    petitioner was wrongfully confined and was restrained, and had to perform

    her daily routine work in inhuman nature with no comfort bed to sleep at

    night, creating inhuman behaviour with the petitioner.

    9. It is stated that the petitioner was pressurized and compelled to refrain

    from the company work in which the petitioner is still an employee at

    Jamshedpur. The respondent refused to establish to physical relation and

    cohabitation since beginning of the marriage and did not spend more time

    together under one roof for the happiness of couple. The petitioner was

    blamed that she had been in the relationship with another person and her

    associate to torture her mentally. The petitioner and the respondent used to

    live together, but not as married couple at the place where they used to live

    in any part of the country. The respondent and the petitioner have been
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    living separately for more than two years, on 21.8.2019 the petitioner has

    finally left the house of the respondent and came to live with her parents.

    The cause of action arose on 21.8.2019 the petitioner was compelled to

    leave the house of the respondent.

    10. The petitioner lodged an FIR in the Sidhgora P.S. against the

    respondent and his family members for demanding dowry and torture to the

    petitioner physically and mentally. In view of the above it has been prayed

    for a decree of dissolution of marriage solemnized on 24.02.2019.

    11. The respondent-husband appeared in the case and filed his Written

    Statement in which he has stated that the present suit filed by the petitioner

    is not maintainable in the eyes of law. Denying the allegation of dowry

    demand it is submitted on behalf of the respondent that the petitioner had

    earlier lodged the FIR being Sidhgora P.S. Case No. 164 of 2019 and in the

    aforesaid FIR which is quite exhaustive, the petitioner has not whispered a

    single word regarding demand of dowry at the instance of the respondent

    or his family members.

    12. It is further submitted that the aforesaid false plea of demand of dowry

    has been invented by the petitioner solely with a wish to secure a false cause

    of action. It is absolutely false to allege that the father of the petitioner paid

    Rs. 10,00,000/- in cash to the respondent as per demand made by the

    respondent and his father. The marriage was solemnized absolutely free

    from demand of dowry and some of the movable articles mentioned in the

    FIR were given to the petitioner by her father by way of marriage presents

    and not as dowry. The wooden bed with cushions and pillows, almirah,

    dressing table, three, briefcases and a box made of tin were given to the

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    petitioner, which are still lying with the respondent and the petitioner is at

    liberty to take them back whenever wants it. Further while leaving the

    matrimonial home, the petitioner took all the gold jewelries which was

    purchased by the father of the petitioner through father of the respondent

    which were given to her as marriage presents. Further allegation of the

    petitioner that other domestic articles worth Rs. 15,00,000/- were given to

    the respondent and his family members is totally false and baseless.

    13. The respondent and his father both are working as permanent employee

    in reputed companies and at no point of time the respondent or his parents

    have ever demanded a single penny or any other items far less

    Rs.20,00,000/- from the petitioner or her parents. The petitioner herself

    demanded the respondent to add her as joint account holder to his salary

    account. Neither the respondent nor any of his family members ever used

    any filthy language nor threatened with any dire consequences to life. The

    petitioner with malafide intention has made these false statements with a

    view to seek a false cause of action against the respondent. The respondent

    as a caring husband took care of each and every need and requirements of

    the petitioner. Likewise, the respondent’s parents also always used to treat

    the petitioner like their own daughter and took care of each and everything

    she wished. Every day in the morning when the petitioner used to go to her

    job, the respondent’s mother used to make Tiffin for her.

    14. It has been stated that there was never any domestic violence in the

    respondent’s house. She kept her personal belongings including all the

    jewelries. The respondent had bought a personal Air Conditioner for her

    comfort. She used to sleep in her own room with Air Conditioner all night.

    Respondent always used to attend her duties as per her wish at Tata Steel,
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    Jamshedpur without any obstruction where she is a high-income earning

    employee for more than eight years. Hence it is absolutely false to state that

    the respondent or his parents had tortured petitioner mentally and

    physically, created environment of domestic violence for the petitioner and

    did inhuman behaviour with the petitioner.

    15. The respondent stated that he was having a healthy relationship with his

    wife like any other married couple no matter wherever they stayed, they

    stayed together i.e. Jamshedpur, Goa, Mumbai or any other parts of

    Maharashtra. It is further stated that after two days of marriage, the

    petitioner went to Mumbai with the respondent and they led their

    matrimonial life in Mumbai. The petitioner used to talk over her mobile for

    hours together and on being asked by the respondent, she used to give out

    that she was talking to her mother. After 3 to 4 days, the respondent again

    noticed that his wife (petitioner) was talking to somebody over mobile

    phone. The respondent secretly stood behind the petitioner/wife and

    overheard the entire conversation the petitioner was having with somebody.

    16. The petitioner, however, disconnected the phone as soon as she could

    feel presence of the respondent. The respondent accosted petitioner and

    confronted her as to whom she was talking to, to which the petitioner

    confessed that the said person was her boy-friend with whom she was

    maintaining relationship even before the solemnization of their marriage

    and on being asked by the respondent she gave out the name of the person

    and the petitioner further told the respondent that she wants to maintain her

    relationship with the said boy and the respondent could not stop her from

    doing so.

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    17. The respondent submits that it is absolutely false to state that the

    petitioner left the house of the respondent on 21.08.2019 and had gone to

    live with her parents. On 7.5.2019, the petitioner and her

    respondent/husband came to Jamshedpur, where the family members tried

    to reason with the petitioner and requested the petitioner that she should not

    maintain any relationship with any other person other than her husband.

    Even then the petitioner used to threaten that she will lodge a false criminal

    complaint in police and send the respondent and his family members to jail.

    Thereafter, when the respondent’s parents called the petitioner’s father to

    come to their home and talk to the petitioner and try to convince her that

    whatever she was doing was wrong. The petitioner also started threatening

    the respondent and his parents for implicating them in false police

    complaint. The petitioner kept on threatening and after no constructive

    response from the petitioner’s father, the respondent was left with no other

    option and accordingly one informatory petition being No. 42 of 2019 on

    9.5.2019 was filed in the court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate,

    Jamshedpur, wherein he has disclosed a number of omission and

    commissions made by the petitioner.

    18. It is further stated that on 11.5.2019 a meeting was convened in course

    of which, it was decided that Ashok Kumar Dubey (petitioner’s father)

    should take his daughter (petitioner) from her sasural for few days, so that

    the matter may be subsided in the meantime. Accordingly, on 13.5.2019, at

    about 7.30 pm, Sonu Dubey, brother of the petitioner, came to the house of

    the respondent and the petitioner was formally taken to her parent’s house.

    While going back to her parent’s house, the petitioner took all her gold

    ornaments including those which were given by the respondent’s family.

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    The respondent and petitioner have been living separately from 19.30 pm

    on 13.05.2019. The petitioner was staying at her parent residence since 13

    May, 2019. All of a sudden on 21 August, 2021 at around 17:30 pm the

    petitioner came to the residence of respondent and started shouting and

    abusing the respondent and his family members, the petitioner did not have

    any decency of words and language towards the respondent and his family

    members.She had also brought about ten to fifteen men who were standing

    few meters away from the house of the respondent. Then the respondent

    and his family members locked their house and went outside of their home.

    The petitioner then called police by dialing 100 and filed a false complaint

    in Sidhgora Police Station by leveling all sorts of false and frivolous

    allegations against the respondent and other family members.

    19. It is mentioned that the respondent has some photographs of his wife

    with her boyfriend showing the intimate relationship they had, which was

    shown along with informatory petition to the police and after making

    inquiry and being satisfied with the same the Sidhgora police allowed the

    family of the respondent to go home. On 1st September 2019 the

    respondent’s mother had filed a written complaint in Mahila Aayog,

    Jharkhand against the harassment that was faced by her and other family

    members due to the ill behaviour at the instance of the petitioner. Despite

    receiving the notice by Mahila Aayog, the petitioner did not turn out before

    Mahila Aayog. On 2nd September, 2019 respondent and his family

    members came to know through a local news report that an FIR was lodged

    on them at Sidhgora Police Station on 1 Sep. 2019 being Sidhgora P.S. Case

    No. 164 of 2019 against the respondent and his father, mother, sister and

    brother-in-law.

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    20. There are false and baseless allegations and the said case is pending for

    trial. It has further resulted in a lot of mental harassment to the respondent-

    husband and his family members. The false and baseless allegations were

    later confirmed by the police, charge sheet was submitted in the instant case

    against the respondent and his family members of the respondent, police

    submitted that no preliminary case was made out and accordingly their

    names were not mentioned in the said charge sheet.

    21. The averments made above it becomes manifest that the petitioner

    herself is a guilty spouse and the respondent is now convinced that it is not

    possible for him to lead a harmonious conjugal life with the petitioner any

    further, the respondent has no objection, if the marriage between the

    petitioner and respondent is dissolved by decree of divorce.

    22. It is evident from the factual aspect that the appellant/petitioner-wife

    had a motion by filing a petition.

    23. On the basis of pleading of both the parties, the learned Family Judge

    has framed altogether six issues which are as follows:

    (i) Whether the suit as framed is maintainable?

    (ii) Whether the Petitioner has got valid cause of action for
    the suit?

    (iii) Whether the respondent after solemnization of marriage
    treated the petitioner with cruelty?

    (iv) Whether the respondent has deserted the Petitioner since
    21.08.2019 for a continuous period not less than two years
    immediately preceding the presentation of this suit?

    (v) Whether the Petitioner is entitled to obtain a decree of
    divorce sought for?

    (vi) Whether the petitioner is entitled for any other relief or
    reliefs of this suit?

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    24. The appellant/plaintiff-wife in order to establish her case, examined

    herself as P.W.1 and her father namely Ashok Kumar Dubey and her uncle

    Kamlesh Ojha as P.W.2 and P.W.3 respectively. No documentary evidence

    has been filed in the suit by the appellant/plaintiff-wife.

    25. On the other hand, the respondent has adduced evidence as R.W.1

    Avinash Kumar Pandey (himself) and other witness R.W.2 Sanjay Kumar

    Pandey (father of the respondent).

    26. The respondent-husband has produced documentary evidence, i.e., Ext-

    A-Certified copy of FIR, Ext.A/1-Certified copy of Chargesheet, Ext.B to

    B/3-Joint Photographs of the parties, Ext.C to C/5-Printout of Photograph

    of the wife of respondent and her boyfriend Shubham Kumar Singh, Ext.D-

    Certified copy of Informatory Petition No.42 of 2019 dated 09.05.2019 and

    Ext.E-Photocopy of application written by respondent’s mother to

    President, Rajya Mahila Ayog.

    27. The evidences have been made on behalf of both the parties. Thereafter,

    the judgment has been passed in favour of the plaintiff/petitioner -wife and

    held that the petitioner-wife is entitled for divorce on the ground of cruelty

    and desertion and she is also entitled to receive a sum of Rs.8,00,000/- from

    the respondent-husband in lieu of cash and other properties received by him

    in the marriage, which is the subject matter of the present appeals.

    Submission of the learned counsel for the wife:

    28. It has been submitted that the father of the appellant/wife has paid huge

    amount to the respondent at the time of marriage and further the respondent

    is employee of Religious Support Services and is monthly income is Rs.

    1,25,000/-. Further, it has been submitted that the learned Family Court has
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    been wrongly mentioned that appellant-wife is an employee of Tata Steel

    since 2013 and is having monthly salary of Rs. 60,000/-. Rather,

    applicant/appellant-wife has stated in paragraph 7 of the affidavit that she

    was trainee in the year 2013 and became permanent in October, 2016 in

    Tata Steel and is having monthly salary of Rs. 22,000/-. Therefore, it has

    been submitted that the learned Family Court has wrongly assessed the

    income of the appellant-wife.

    29. It has been submitted that the respondent/husband has already

    performed second marriage on 06.02.2024. It has been contended that huge

    amount has been spent in the marriage of the appellant/wife and several

    articles were given which is more that Rs. 8 lakhs but the learned family

    Court has directed to only pay Rs. 8 lakhs.

    30. It has been submitted that in view of above facts the amount may kindly

    be enhanced and Rs. 8 lakhs as ordered by the learned court below, which

    has not been paid as yet, may kindly be directed to be paid to the appellant

    with interest.

    Submission of the learned counsel for the husband:

    31. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent-husband, while assailing

    the impugned judgment, has submitted that the judgment dated 26.05.2023

    (decree dated 01.06.2023) is neither sustainable in law nor on facts and the

    same is liable to be set aside.

    32. It has been contended that the Learned Family Court below has passed

    the impugned judgment and ordered mechanically and has not applied its

    judicious mind.

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    33. The learned counsel for the husband states and submits that the learned

    Court has completely overlooked while directing the respondent-husband

    to pay a sum of Rs.8,00,000/-in lieu of cash and other properties received.

    In this regard, it is stated that the amount / cash received had already been

    returned through bank transfer in favour to the father of the appellant-wife

    on 14.12.2018 much prior to the institution of the Suit and with respect to

    ornaments purchased by the petitioner and father of the petitioner has also

    been detained by the wife.

    34. It has been submitted that the respondent husband is only aggrieved

    with respect to the amount of Rs.8,00,000/- directed to be paid by the

    respondent husband.

    35. It has been contended that while passing the direction of Rs.8,00,000/-

    to be paid by the respondent husband, the learned Family Court failed to

    consider the fact that jewelleries were given by the respondent husband /

    father of the respondent to the appellant wife. By referring the aforesaid

    fact, it has been contended that the said part of order by which direction

    was passed upon husband to pay Rs.8,00,000/- in lieu of cash and other

    properties alleged to be received by the husband, is erroneous and not

    sustainable in eyes of law.

    Analysis:

    36. This Court has heard the learned counsel for the parties and gone

    through the finding recorded by the learned Family Judge in the impugned

    judgment.

    37. Before adverting into merit of the case, it needs to refer herein the

    following admitted facts :

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    (i) The motion seeking dissolution of marriage on the grounds of cruelty

    and desertion was instituted by the appellant/petitioner-wife before the

    learned Family Court.

    (ii) Upon consideration of the documentary materials and the oral

    testimonies adduced by both sides, the learned Family Court has

    granted a decree of divorce, and further directed the

    respondent-husband to pay a sum of ₹8,00,000/- in lieu of cash and

    other properties alleged to have been received by him at the time of

    marriage.

    (iii) Both parties i.e. the appellant-wife (respondent in F.A. No. 328 of

    2023) and the respondent-husband (appellant in F.A. No. 328 of 2023),

    stand aggrieved only to the extent of that portion of the judgment

    whereby the respondent-husband was directed to pay the aforesaid sum

    of ₹8,00,000/- in lieu of cash and other properties alleged to have been

    received in marriage.

    (iv) The appellant-wife has assailed that portion of the judgment

    contending that the sum of ₹8,00,000/- awarded is wholly inadequate,

    whereas the respondent-husband, on the other hand, has urged that the

    said amount is an inflated figure.

    (v) It is further an admitted position that the respondent-husband has

    since solemnized a second marriage, from which he has been blessed

    with a daughter child.

    (vi) It is an admitted position that both the appellant-wife and the

    respondent-husband are employed personnel and are in receipt of a

    regular monthly salary from their respective vocations.

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    38. It needs to refer herein that it would be evident from order dated

    26.03.2026 passed by this Court that the learned counsel for both the parties

    in both the appeals had sought a week time to have instruction on the issue

    of settlement and accordingly time sought for was granted by this Court.

    39. Thereafter matter was taken up on 16.04.2026 wherein it has been

    submitted by the learned counsel for respondent/husband that there is no

    chance of settlement. In view of aforesaid submission since the present

    matter needs adjudication on the issue of alimony, the Court had directed

    both the parties to file affidavit showing their worth movable, immovable

    property and the payslip. For ready reference the 16.04.2026 is being quoted

    herein which reads as under:

    “07 / 16.04.2026 Reference may be made to the order dated
    26.03.2026 so far as it relates to passing of the order in the instant
    appeal. The matter was deferred for a week to have instruction on
    the issue of settlement.

    2. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent-husband has
    submitted that there is no chance of settlement.

    3. This Court, therefore, is of the view that the matter now needs
    adjudication on the issue of the alimony.

    4. Let the affidavit be filed on behalf of both the parties showing their
    worth the movable, immovable property and the payslip.

    5. Let such affidavit be filed within two weeks.

    6. List after two weeks i.e. on 01.05.2026 under the same heading.”

    40. Again, the instant appeals were taken on 14 th May 2026 and in

    compliance of the order dated 16.04.2026 affidavit showing their worth

    have been filed by both of the parties. It has been submitted by the learned

    counsel for the appellant wife that she is not, before the Court, for the

    passing of order for monthly maintenance, as she has already solemnized

    marriage and also working in Tata Steel Ltd. However, the emphasis of the

    argument is that, at the time of solemnization of marriage, the expenditure

    incurred was around Rs. 33 lakhs, details thereof have been furnished in
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    paragraph-2 of the affidavit filed by the learned counsel for the appellant-

    wife. Accordingly, after conclusion of the argument on the point of

    alimony, judgment was reserved. For ready reference the order dated

    14.05.2026 is being quoted herein which reads as under:

    “Order No.09/Dated 14th May, 2026

    1. Learned counsel for the appellant-wife has sought for leave of this

    Court to accept the affidavit, which has been filed in pursuant to the

    order dated 16.04.2026, copy thereof has been served upon the

    learned counsel for the respondent-husband.

    2. Let this same be taken on record.

    3. An affidavit, in terms of order dated 16.04.2026 has been filed on

    behalf of both the parties.

    4. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent-husband has not

    intended to file response to the affidavit filed on behalf of the

    appellant-wife.

    5. Learned counsel appearing for the appellant-wife has submitted

    that she is not, before the Court, for the passing of order for monthly

    maintenance, as she has already solemnized marriage and also

    working in Tata Steel Ltd. However, the emphasis of the argument is

    that, at the time of solemnization of marriage, the expenditure

    incurred was around Rs. 33 lakhs, details thereof have been

    furnished in paragraph-2 of the affidavit filed by the learned counsel

    for the appellant-wife.

    6. Arguments concluded on the issue of alimony.

    7. Judgment Reserved.

    41. Now adverting to merit of the case, it is evident from the order

    impugned that the learned Family Court has taken into consideration the

    entire aspects of the case and had passed the order of dissolution of marriage

    and direction was passed upon the respondent husband to pay rupees eight

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    lakh to the petitioner/wife in lieu of cash and other properties received by

    him. For ready reference the relevant paragraphs of the impugned judgment

    are being quoted as under:

    “43. The respondent has admitted in para 39 of his cross-
    examination that he had received T.V., AC, Utensils, Clothes etc. in
    Tilak but he does not know that the aforesaid articles were worth Rs.
    2,00,000/-. Similarly, respondent’s father RW-2 has also admitted
    receiving Utensils, Clothes, Fruits, Sweets etc. in Tilak but he cannot
    state the cost of the aforesaid articles. However, RW-2 has admitted
    that he had received a cheque of Rs. 8,00,000/- from the father of the
    petitioner but he returned Rs. 1,00,000/- through cheque to Ashok
    Kumar Dubey. He stated that this amount was given to him for
    purchase of jewelry and he had purchased jewelry worth Rs.
    6,50,000/- from it. However, he has not produced any evidence of
    returr. of Rs. 1,00,000/-through cheque to petitioner’s father. Thus,
    from admission of respondent’s father in his own testimony before
    the court, it is established that ne had received Rs. 8,00,000/- from
    the father of the petitioner. Further, though no detail list of articles
    or evidence of their cost has been given by petitioner, however from
    testimony of respondent and his father and their own admission it is
    also established that certain items like T.V., AC, Utensils, Clothes
    etc. were received by them in Tilak ceremony from petitioner side
    which have not been returned. And it is also pertinent to mention
    here that the petitioner has already received Rs.2,00,000/- as per
    order of the Hon’ble High Court passed in ABA.

    44. Now, this court has to decide whether the petitioner is entitled to
    return of any properties u/s 27 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 or
    the petitioner is entitled to get alimony as claimed u/s 25 of the Hindu
    Marriage Act.

    45.Let us take up first the issue of granting permanent alimony to the
    petitioner. Reading of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act
    indicates that on an application for the purpose of seeking
    permanent alimony, made by either of the spouse (wife or the
    husband), the Court at the time of passing the decree or at any time
    subsequent thereto, pay maintenance and support to the applicant,
    which may be gross sum or monthly or periodical payment. The
    factors which are required to be considered for just determination

    17
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    of permanent alimony and maintenance as indicated in the provision
    are:- (i) the respondent’s own income and other property, (ii) the
    income and other property of the applicant, (iii) the conduct of the
    parties, (iv) other circumstances of the case.

    46.In the instant case, from the disclosure affidavits of both sides,
    it appears that the monthly income of the petitioner is near about
    same as the monthly income of the respondent and she is living in
    better position than that of the respondent as she is maintaining
    two cars and a two wheeler with company accommodation and she
    has no dependent on her. Under the aforesaid scenario, it would
    not be just and proper to direct the respondent to provide any
    permanent alimony to the petitioner as claimed.

    47.However, what the court finds, that as per admission of RW2, the
    father of respondent, a sum of Rs. 8,00,000/- was said to him by the
    father of the petitioner. Even though the respondent’s father claimed
    that he returned Rs.1,00,000/- by cheque to her father and purchased
    ornaments worth Rs.6,50,000/- from rest of the amount this
    explanation is difficult to believe as he has not produced any
    evidence of return of amount and the ornaments to the petitioner.
    The bank statement of the father of the petitioner corroborates the
    payment of Rs. 6,00,000/-to the parents of the respondent through
    three cheques of Rs.2,00,000/-each. Besides it is also admitted by
    respondent and his father that T.V., A.C., clothes, utensils, etc were
    given in Tilak to them on behalf of petitioner and the said articles
    are still lying with them. The petitioner has claimed said articles to
    be worth Rs. 2,00,000/- which value, though denied by respondent,
    but by general estimation the amount is not exaggerated. Hence, in
    my considered view, the total amount of Rs.10,00,000/- is liable to
    be returned by the respondent. As the petitioner has already received
    Rs. 2,00,000/- as per the order passed by the Hon’ble High Court of
    Jharkhand in A.B.A. No. 2474 of 2020 (Avinash Kumar Pandey vrs
    State of Jharkhand) the said amount has to be adjusted in any
    payment to be made by the respondent.

    48. Accordingly, after the adjustment of above amount of
    Rs.2,00,000/-, this Court directs that the respondent shall pay a sum
    of Rs. 8,00,000/- in lieu of the cash and other properties admittedly
    received by him in marriage. The said amount shall be paid within a
    period of six month from the date of decree, failure of which, it is
    needless to say, that the petitioner will be at liberty to recover the
    18
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    said amount through the Court. For that purpose, the decree shall
    be treated as the money decree. This issue is therefore decided
    accordingly.

    CONCLUSION

    49. So, from the above discussed evidence, facts and circumstances,
    I find that the Petitioner is entitled for divorce on the ground of
    cruelty and desertion U/s 13 (1) (i-a) and 13(1) (i-b) Hindu
    Marriage Act
    . And she is also entitled to receive a sum of Rs.
    8,00,000/-from the respondent in lieu of the cash and other
    properties admittedly received by him in the marriage. And
    accordingly, it is hereby,

    ORDERED

    50. That the suit of the petitioner Kumari Puja be and the same is
    decreed against the respondent Avinash Kumar Pandey on contest
    but without any order as to cost. And the marriage between the
    petitioner and the respondent solemnized on 24.02.2019 stands
    dissolved by a decree of divorce u/s 13(1)(i-a) and (i-b) of Hindu
    Marriage Act, 1955
    . And the divorce will be effective from the date
    of decree.

    51.Further, the respondent is directed to pay a sum of Rs. 8,00,000/-
    in lieu of the cash and other properties received by him in marriage.
    The said amount shall be paid within a period of six months from the
    date of decree, failing which, the petitioner will be at liberty to
    recover the said amount through the process of Court. And for that
    purpose, the decree shall be treated as the money decree.
    Office to prepare the decree accordingly.”

    42. Thus, from the aforesaid paragraphs of the impugned judgment it is

    evident that the learned Family Court has denied the permanent alimony to

    the appellant/petitioner wife by observing that since from the disclosure of

    affidavits of both sides, it appears that the monthly income of the

    petitioner/appellant/wife is near about same as the monthly income of the

    respondent and she is living in better position than that of the respondent as

    she is maintaining two cars and a two wheeler with company

    19
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    accommodation and she is not dependent on her. Under the aforesaid

    scenario, it would not be just and proper to direct the respondent to provide

    any permanent alimony to the petitioner as claimed. However, the learned

    Family Court taking into consideration the bank statement of the father of

    the petitioner which corroborates the payment of Rs. 6,00,000/-to the

    parents of the respondent husband through three cheques of Rs.2,00,000/-

    each and further taking into consideration the admission by respondent and

    his father that T.V., A.C., clothes, utensils, etc. were given in Tilak to them

    and the said articles are still lying with them and has assessed that the total

    amount of Rs.10,00,000/- is liable to be returned by the respondent husband

    to the appellant/wife.

    43. This Court in the aforesaid backdrop facts and submission requires to

    consider as to: “what would be the appropriate quantum to be paid by the

    respondent husband to the appellant/wife on the basis of pleadings

    available on record?

    44. It is evident from paragraph 46 of the impugned Judgment passed by

    the learned Family Court that the learned Family Court has denied the

    permanent alimony to appellant/petitioner wife on the ground that as per

    the disclosure affidavit, the monthly income of the petitioner/appellant/wife

    is near about same as the monthly income of the respondent husband and

    she is living in better position than that of the respondent and she has no

    dependent on her.

    45. At this juncture it needs to refer herein the provision of law as contained

    under Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, wherein it has been

    provided that any court exercising jurisdiction under this Act may, at the

    time of passing any decree or at any time subsequent thereto, on application

    20
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    made to it for the purpose by either the wife or the husband, as the case may

    be, order that the respondent shall pay to the applicant for her or his

    maintenance and support such gross sum or such monthly or periodical sum

    for a term not exceeding the life of the applicant as, having regard to the

    respondent’s own income and other property, if any, the income and other

    property of the applicant, it may seem to the court to be just, and any such

    payment may be secured, if necessary, by a charge on the immovable

    property of the respondent. For ready reference, Section 25 of the Act, 1955

    is quoted as under:

    “25. Permanent alimony and maintenance.–(1) Any court

    exercising jurisdiction under this Act may, at the time of passing any

    decree or at any time subsequent thereto, on application made to it

    for the purpose by either the wife or the husband, as the case may

    be, order that the respondent shall pay to the applicant for her or his

    maintenance and support such gross sum or such monthly or

    periodical sum for a term not exceeding the life of the applicant as,

    having regard to the respondent’s own income and other property,

    if any, the income and other property of the applicant 1 [the conduct

    of the parties and other circumstances of the case], it may seem to

    the court to be just, and any such payment may be secured, if

    necessary, by a charge on the immovable property of the respondent.

    (2) If the court is satisfied that there is a change in the circumstances

    of either party at any time after it has made an order under sub-

    section (1), it may, at the instance of either party, vary, modify or

    rescind any such order in such manner as the court may deem just.

    (3) If the court is satisfied that the party in whose favour an order

    has been made under this section has re-married or, if such party is

    the wife, that she has not remained chaste, or, if such party is the

    husband, that he has had sexual intercourse with any woman outside

    21
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    wedlock, 2 [it may at the instance of the other party vary, modify or

    rescind any such order in such manner as the court may deem just].”

    46. It is evident from the aforesaid provision that concept of permanent

    alimony as provided under Section 25 have been enacted with the object of

    removing the hardship of the wife or the husband with no independent

    income sufficient for living or meeting litigant expenses; such a leave can

    be granted as well who may also be deprived of the same on proof of having

    sexual intercourse outside the wedlock. It is also settled position of law that

    the Court may grant permanent alimony to the party while disposing of the

    main application even if application has been moved; meaning thereby the

    intent of the Act is to remove the handicap/hardship of a wife of husband

    by passing an appropriate order at the appropriate stage either under Section

    24 or 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The basic behind this is to sustain

    the live of husband or wife, if having no sufficient source of income.

    47. The Hon’ble Apex Court has also considered the intent of Section 25

    of Hindu Marriage Act in catena of Judgments wherein it has been observed

    that Section 25 of Act 1955 is an enabling provision. It empowers the court

    in a matrimonial case to consider facts and circumstances of the spouse

    applying and deciding whether or not to grant permanent alimony. Sub-

    section (1) of Section 25 provides that a matrimonial Court exercising the

    jurisdiction under the Hindu Marriage Act may at the time of passing a

    decree or at any time subsequent thereto on an Application made to it, order

    to pay maintenance.

    48. Thus, a power is conferred on the Matrimonial Court to grant permanent

    alimony or maintenance on the basis of a decree of divorce passed under

    the Hindu Marriage Act even subsequent to the date of passing of the decree

    on the basis of an application made in that behalf. Sub-section (2) of Section
    22

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    25 confers a power on the Court to vary, modify or rescind the order made

    under Sub-section (1) of Section 25 in case of change in circumstances. The

    power under Sub-section (3) of Section 25 is an independent power. The

    said power can be exercised if the Court is satisfied that the wife in whose

    favour an order under Subsection (1) of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage

    Act is made has not remained chaste. In such event, at the instance of the

    other party, the Court may vary, modify or rescind the order under Sub-

    section (1) of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act.

    49. Reference in this regard may be made to the judgment rendered by the

    Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Kalyan Dey Chowdhury v. Rita Dey

    Chowdhury Nee Nandy, (2017) 14 SCC 200.For ready reference,

    paragraph 14 of the judgment is quoted as under:

    “14. Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 confers power

    upon the court to grant a permanent alimony to either spouse who

    claims the same by making an application. Sub-section (2) of Section

    25 of the Hindu Marriage Act confers ample power on the court to

    vary, modify or discharge any order for permanent alimony or

    permanent maintenance that may have been made in any proceeding

    under the Act under the provisions contained in sub-section (1) of

    Section 25. In exercising the power under Section 25(2), the court

    would have regard to the “change in the circumstances of the

    parties”. There must be some change in the circumstances of either

    party which may have to be taken into account when an application

    is made under sub-section (2) of Section 25 for variation,

    modification or rescission of the order as the court may deem just.”

    50. We may note here that an amendment has been brought to Sub-section

    (3) of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act by the Act No. 68 of 1976 with

    effect from 27th May 1996. Earlier, it was provided under Sub-section (3)

    23
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    of Section 25 that if the Court was satisfied that the party in whose favour

    an order has been made has not remained chaste, it shall rescind the order.

    The words “it shall rescind the order” appearing in Sub-section (3) of

    Section 25 were replaced by the said amendment by the words “it may at

    the instance of the other party vary, modify or rescind any such order …..”.

    The legislature in its wisdom by the said amendment has provided that after

    the facts stated in Sub-section (3) of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act

    are established, the Court may vary, modify or rescind any such order under

    Sub-section (1) of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act. Thus, after 1976,

    there is a discretion conferred on the Court by Sub-section (3) of Section 25

    of the Hindu Marriage Act of declining to rescind, vary or modify the order

    under Sub-section (1) of Section 25 thereof, even if on an Application made

    by the husband, it is established that the wife has not remained chaste after

    the decree of maintenance is passed under Sub-section (1) of Section 25.

    51. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Vinny Parmvir Parmar v.

    Parmvir Parmar, (2011) 13 SCC 112 while appreciating the core of Section

    25 of the Act 1955 has observed that for permanent alimony and

    maintenance of either spouse, the respondent’s own income and other

    property, and the income and other property of the applicant are all relevant

    material in addition to the conduct of the parties and other circumstances of

    the case, for ready reference the relevant paragraph of the aforesaid

    judgment is being quoted as under:

    “12. As per Section 25, while considering the claim for permanent

    alimony and maintenance of either spouse, the respondent’s own

    income and other property, and the income and other property of the

    applicant are all relevant material in addition to the conduct of the

    parties and other circumstances of the case. It is further seen that

    24
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    the court considering such claim has to consider all the above

    relevant materials and determine the amount which is to be just for

    living standard. No fixed formula can be laid for fixing the amount

    of maintenance. It has to be in the nature of things which depend on

    various facts and circumstances of each case. The court has to

    consider the status of the parties, their respective needs, the capacity

    of the husband to pay, having regard to reasonable expenses for his

    own maintenance and others whom he is obliged to maintain under

    the law and statute. The courts also have to take note of the fact that

    the amount of maintenance fixed for the wife should be such as she

    can live in reasonable comfort considering her status and mode of

    life she was used to live when she lived with her husband. At the same

    time, the amount so fixed cannot be excessive or affect the living

    condition of the other party. These are all the broad principles courts

    have to be kept (sic keep) in mind while determining maintenance or

    permanent alimony.”

    52. It needs to refer herein that no arithmetic formula can be adopted for

    grant of permanent alimony to wife. However, status of parties, their

    respective social needs, financial capacity of husband and other obligations

    must be taken into account. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of U. Sree

    v. U. Srinivas, (2013) 2 SCC 114 has observed that while granting

    permanent alimony, no arithmetic formula can be adopted as there cannot

    be mathematical exactitude. It shall depend upon the status of the parties,

    their respective social needs, the financial capacity of the husband and other

    obligations. For ready reference the relevant paragraph is being quoted as

    under:

    “33. We have reproduced the aforesaid orders to highlight that the

    husband had agreed to buy a flat at Hyderabad. However, when the

    matter was listed thereafter, there was disagreement with regard to

    25
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    the locality of the flat arranged by the husband and, therefore, the

    matter was heard on merits. We have already opined that the

    husband has made out a case for divorce by proving mental cruelty.

    As a decree is passed, the wife is entitled to permanent alimony for

    her sustenance. Be it stated, while granting permanent alimony, no

    arithmetic formula can be adopted as there cannot be mathematical

    exactitude. It shall depend upon the status of the parties, their

    respective social needs, the financial capacity of the husband and

    other obligations. In Vinny Parmvir Parmar v. Parmvir Parmar

    [(2011) 13 SCC 112 : (2012) 3 SCC (Civ) 290] (SCC p. 116, para

    12) while dealing with the concept of permanent alimony, this Court

    has observed that while granting permanent alimony, the court is

    required to take note of the fact that the amount of maintenance fixed

    for the wife should be such as she can live in reasonable comfort

    considering her status and the mode of life she was used to when she

    lived with her husband. At the same time, the amount so fixed cannot

    be excessive or affect the living condition of the other party.”

    53. The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Rajnesh v. Neha & Anr

    reported in (2021) 2 SCC 324 has extensively dealt with the issue of

    granting interim/permanent alimony and has categorically held that the

    objective of granting interim/permanent alimony is to ensure that the

    dependent spouse is not reduced to destitution or vagrancy on account of

    the failure of the marriage, and not as a punishment to the other spouse.

    There is no straitjacket formula for fixing the quantum of maintenance to

    be awarded. The Hon’ble Apex Court further held that the Court while

    considering the issue of maintenance, should consider the factors like the

    status of the parties; reasonable needs of the wife and dependent children;

    whether the applicant is educated and professionally qualified; whether the

    applicant has any independent source of income; whether the income is
    26
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    sufficient to enable her to maintain the same standard of living as she was

    accustomed to in her matrimonial home; whether the applicant was

    employed prior to her marriage; whether she was working during the

    subsistence of the marriage, for ready reference, the relevant paragraph of

    the aforesaid judgment is being quoted as under:

    “77. The objective of granting interim/permanent alimony is to

    ensure that the dependent spouse is not reduced to destitution or

    vagrancy on account of the failure of the marriage, and not as a

    punishment to the other spouse. There is no straitjacket formula for

    fixing the quantum of maintenance to be awarded. 78. The factors

    which would weigh with the court inter alia are the status of the

    parties; reasonable needs of the wife and dependent children;

    whether the applicant is educated and professionally qualified;

    whether the applicant has any independent source of income;

    whether the income is sufficient to enable her to maintain the same

    standard of living as she was accustomed to in her matrimonial

    home; whether the applicant was employed prior to her marriage;

    whether she was working during the subsistence of the marriage;

    whether the wife was required to sacrifice her employment

    opportunities for nurturing the family, child rearing, and looking

    after adult members of the family; reasonable costs of litigation for

    a non-working wife. [ Refer to Jasbir Kaur Sehgal v. District Judge,

    Dehradun, (1997) 7 SCC 7; Refer to Vinny Parmvir Parmar v.

    Parmvir Parmar, (2011) 13 SCC 112 : (2012) 3 SCC (Civ) 290] 79.

    In Manish Jain v. Akanksha Jain [Manish Jain v. Akanksha Jain,

    (2017) 15 SCC 801 : (2018) 2 SCC (Civ) 712] this Court held that

    the financial position of the parents of the applicant wife, would not

    be material while determining the quantum of maintenance. An

    order of interim maintenance is conditional on the circumstance that

    the wife or husband who makes a claim has no independent income,

    27
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    sufficient for her or his support. It is no answer to a claim of

    maintenance that the wife is educated and could support herself. The

    court must take into consideration the status of the parties and the

    capacity of the spouse to pay for her or his support. Maintenance is

    dependent upon factual situations; the court should mould the claim

    for maintenance based on various factors brought before it. 80. On

    the other hand, the financial capacity of the husband, his actual

    income, reasonable expenses for his own maintenance, and

    dependent family members whom he is obliged to maintain under the

    law, liabilities if any, would be required to be taken into

    consideration, to arrive at the appropriate quantum of maintenance

    to be paid. The court must have due regard to the standard of living

    of the husband, as well as the spiralling inflation rates and high costs

    of living. The plea of the husband that he does not possess any source

    of income ipso facto does not absolve him of his moral duty to

    maintain his wife if he is able-bodied and has educational

    qualifications. [ReemaSalkan v. Sumer Singh Salkan, (2019) 12 SCC

    303 : (2018) 5 SCC (Civ) 596 : (2019) 4 SCC (Cri) 339] 81. A careful

    and just balance must be drawn between all relevant factors. The

    test for determination of maintenance in matrimonial disputes

    depends on the financial status of the respondent, and the standard

    of living that the applicant was accustomed to in her matrimonial

    home. [Chaturbhuj v. Sita Bai, (2008) 2 SCC 316 : (2008) 1 SCC

    (Civ) 547 : (2008) 1 SCC (Cri) 356] The maintenance amount

    awarded must be reasonable and realistic, and avoid either of the

    two extremes i.e. maintenance awarded to the wife should neither be

    so extravagant which becomes oppressive and unbearable for the

    respondent, nor should it be so meagre that it drives the wife to

    penury. The sufficiency of the quantum has to be adjudged so that

    the wife is able to maintain herself with reasonable comfort.”

    28

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    54. In the backdrop of the aforesaid settled position of law, it is pertinent to

    record that this Court had, at the initial stage, directed the parties to file

    affidavits disclosing their movable and immovable properties along with

    pay-slips, keeping in view that the issue involved herein pertains to the

    grant of permanent alimony but from thorough examination of the pleadings

    made by the appellant-wife in F.A. No. 189 of 2025, it is manifest

    therefrom that the appellant-wife has not made claim for permanent

    alimony; rather, her prayer is to seeking enhancement of the sum of Rs.

    8,00,000/- directed to be paid by the respondent-husband under the order of

    the learned Family Court.

    55. However, affidavit has been filed on behalf of both the parties wherein

    the appellant-wife has taken the stand that in paragraph no. 37 of the

    impugned order i.e. Original Suit No. 475 of 2021 it has been wrongly

    mentioned that applicant is employee of Tata Steel since 2013 and is having

    monthly salary of Rs. 60,000/-. Rather, applicant/appellant-wife has stated

    in paragraph 7 of the affidavit that she was trainee in the year 2013 and

    became permanent in October, 2016 in Tata Steel and is having monthly

    salary of Rs. 22,000/-.

    56. On the other hand, respondent-husband has stated in his affidavit that

    he has married again and having a daughter from his second marriage.

    Further has been stated that altogether 5 persons are dependent on him

    namely, Astha Kumari (Wife), Kritika Pandey (Daughter), Gita Pandey

    (Mother), Sanjay Kumar Pandey (Father) and Surendra Nath Pandey

    (Grand Father). Moreover, loan has been taken of amount Rs. 21,50,000/-.

    57. It needs to refer herein that from the order dated 14.05.2026 passed by

    this Court, it is evident that the appellant-wife has remarried and has no

    29
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    interest in getting per month alimony. However, she has stated that since

    the expenditure incurred was around Rs. 33 lakhs, has occurred in her

    marriage therefore the direction passed by the learned family court upon the

    respondent husband to pay Rs. 80,00,00/- to the petitioner/appellant wife in

    lieu of article received by the respondent in marriage.

    58. As is evident from the impugned judgment passed by the learned

    Family Court, the direction upon the respondent-husband to pay a sum of

    Rs. 8,00,000/- in lieu of the cash and other properties received by him at the

    time of marriage appears to have been made under Section 27 of the Hindu

    Marriage Act, 1955, and the same constitutes the bone of contention in the

    present appeals.

    59. At this juncture it would be appropriate to discuss the core of Section

    27 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 wherein it has been stipulated that in

    any proceeding under the Act 1955, the court may make such provision in

    the decree as it deems just and proper with respect to any property

    presented, at or about the time of marriage, which may belong jointly to

    both the husband and the wife.

    60. Section 27 provides for determination of rights of the parties to the

    properties belonging to both of them jointly or either of them at the time of

    disposal of a main petition filed under the Hindu Marriage Act. For ready

    reference same is being quoted as under:

    “Disposal of property-In any proceeding under this Act, the court
    may make such provision in the decree as it deems just and proper
    with respect to any property presented, at or about the time of
    marriage, which may belong jointly to both the husband and the
    wife.”

    61. Section 27 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 empowers matrimonial

    courts to dispose of and distribute joint property presented to both the

    30
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    husband and wife at or about the time of their wedding. It ensures the fair

    division of joint marital assets within an active divorce or separation

    proceeding. This section specifically applies to property belonging jointly

    to both the husband and the wife. It does not cover the exclusive, individual

    property of the wife (like her Stridhan) or the exclusive property of the

    husband.

    62. The property must have been presented “at or about the time of

    marriage,” although courts have interpreted this to include gifts and

    property exchanged before or after the wedding ceremony, provided it is

    directly relatable to the marriage. Further, it may be tied to an active

    matrimonial proceeding (e.g., a divorce petition) to avoid the multiplicity

    of litigation.

    63. Thus, Section 27 Hindu Marriage Act 1955 is an important provision

    that governs the rights of spouses in property disputes. This section

    provides that any property acquired by either spouse during the course of

    the marriage is to be considered joint property, and both spouses have an

    equal right to it.

    64. Section 27 also provides that if one spouse has acquired property prior

    to the marriage, then that property remains the sole property of that spouse.

    This means that the other spouse does not have any right to the property,

    and cannot claim a share of it.

    65. In addition, Section 27 also provides that if one spouse has acquired

    property through inheritance or gift, then that property remains the sole

    property of that spouse. This means that the other spouse does not have any

    right to the property, and cannot claim a share of it.

    31

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    66. Finally, Section 27 also provides that if one spouse has acquired

    property through a will or other legal instrument, then that property remains

    the sole property of that spouse. This means that the other spouse does not

    have any right to the property, and cannot claim a share of it.

    67. Overall, Section 27 Hindu Marriage Act 1955 is an important provision

    that governs the rights of spouses in property disputes. It provides that any

    property acquired by either spouse during the course of the marriage is to

    be considered joint property, and both spouses have an equal right to it. It

    also provides that if one spouse has acquired property prior to the marriage,

    through inheritance or gift, or through a will or other legal instrument, then

    that property remains the sole property of that spouse. This ensures that

    each spouse is able to retain their own property, and that the other spouse

    does not have any right to it.

    68. On a plain reading of the Section 27 it becomes obvious that the

    Matrimonial Court trying any proceedings under the Hindu Marriage Act,

    1955, has the jurisdiction to make such provision in the decree as it deems

    just and proper with respect to any property presented “at or about the time

    of marriage” which may belong jointly to both the husband and the wife.

    This Section provides an alternate remedy to the wife so that she can

    recover the property B which is covered by the Section, by including it in

    the decree in the matrimonial proceeding, without, having to take recourse

    to the filing of a separate Civil Suit and avoid further litigation. Reference

    in this regard be made to the judgment rendered by the Hon’ble Apex Court

    in the case of Balkrishna Ramchandra Kadam Vs. Sangeeta Balkrishna

    Kadam reported in (1997) 7 SCC 500.

    32

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    69. As per the submission advanced by learned counsel for the respondent-

    husband, it has been contended that the respondent-husband has already

    solemnized second marriage and a daughter has been born from the said

    wedlock. In view thereof, the possibility of conciliation between the parties

    stands foreclosed, and the only consideration that remains for adjudication

    is with respect to the propriety of the amount of Rs. 8,00,000/- as directed

    by the learned Family Court.

    70. In order to appreciate the aforesaid issue, this Court has carefully

    examined several paragraphs of the impugned judgment passed by the

    learned Family Court. From such examination, it is evident that the learned

    Family Court has extensively dealt with the matter by duly appreciating the

    claims advanced by both parties. For ready reference the relevant

    paragraphs of the impugned judgment are being quoted herein which reads

    as under:

    “43. The respondent has admitted in para 39 of his cross-
    examination that he had received T.V., AC, Utensils, Clothes etc. in
    Tilak but he does not know that the aforesaid articles were worth Rs.
    2,00,000/-. Similarly, respondent’s father RW-2 has also admitted
    receiving Utensils, Clothes, Fruits, Sweets etc. in Tilak but he cannot
    state the cost of the aforesaid articles. However, RW-2 has admitted
    that he had received a cheque of Rs. 8,00,000/- from the father of the
    petitioner but he returned Rs. 1,00,000/- through cheque to Ashok
    Kumar Dubey. He stated that this amount was given to him for
    purchase of jewelry and he had purchased jewelry worth Rs.
    6,50,000/- from it. However, he has not produced any evidence of
    returr. of Rs. 1,00,000/-through cheque to petitioner’s father. Thus,
    from admission of respondent’s father in his own testimony before
    the court, it is established that ne had received Rs. 8,00,000/- from
    the father of the petitioner. Further, though no detail list of articles
    or evidence of their cost has been given by petitioner, however from
    testimony of respondent and his father and their own admission it is
    also established that certain items like T.V., AC, Utensils, Clothes

    33
    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    etc. were received by them in Tilak ceremony from petitioner side
    which have not been returned. And it is also pertinent to mention
    here that the petitioner has already received Rs.2,00,000/- as per
    order of the Hon’ble High Court passed in ABA.

    44. Now, this court has to decide whether the petitioner is entitled to
    return of any properties u/s 27 of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 or
    the petitioner is entitled to get alimony as claimed u/s 25 of the Hindu
    Marriage Act.

    47.However, what the court finds, that as per admission of RW2, the
    father of respondent, a sum of Rs. 8,00,000/- was said to him by the
    father of the petitioner. Even though the respondent’s father claimed
    that he returned Rs.1,00,000/- by cheque to her father and purchased
    ornaments worth Rs.6,50,000/- from rest of the amount this
    explanation is difficult to believe as he has not produced any
    evidence of return of amount and the ornaments to the petitioner.
    The bank statement of the father of the petitioner corroborates the
    payment of Rs. 6,00,000/-to the parents of the respondent through
    three cheques of Rs.2,00,000/-each. Besides it is also admitted by
    respondent and his father that T.V., A.C., clothes, utensils, etc were
    given in Tilak to them on behalf of petitioner and the said articles
    are still lying with them. The petitioner has claimed said articles to
    be worth Rs. 2,00,000/- which value, though denied by respondent,
    but by general estimation the amount is not exaggerated. Hence, in
    my considered view, the total amount of Rs.10,00,000/- is liable to
    be returned by the respondent. As the petitioner has already received
    Rs. 2,00,000/- as per the order passed by the Hon’ble High Court of
    Jharkhand in A.B.A. No. 2474 of 2020 (Avinash Kumar Pandey vrs
    State of Jharkhand) the said amount has to be adjusted in any
    payment to be made by the respondent.

    48. Accordingly, after the adjustment of above amount of
    Rs.2,00,000/-, this Court directs that the respondent shall pay a sum
    of Rs. 8,00,000/- in lieu of the cash and other properties admittedly
    received by him in marriage. The said amount shall be paid within a
    period of six month from the date of decree, failure of which, it is
    needless to say, that the petitioner will be at liberty to recover the
    said amount through the Court. For that purpose, the decree shall
    be treated as the money decree. This issue is therefore decided
    accordingly.”

    34

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    71. It is evident from paragraph 43 of the impugned judgment as quoted

    and referred hereinabove that the learned Family Court has taken into

    consideration the fact that respondent has admitted in para 39 of his cross-

    examination that he had received T.V., AC, Utensils, Clothes etc. in Tilak

    and has also taken into consideration that the respondent’s father RW-2 has

    also admitted receiving Utensils, Clothes, Fruits, Sweets etc. in Tilak. The

    learned Family Court has categorically taken note of the fact that RW-2

    (father of the respondent husband) has admitted that he had received a

    cheque of Rs. 8,00,000/- from the father of the petitioner.

    72. Upon perusal of the aforesaid admitted facts, the learned Family Court

    has reached the conclusion that, on the basis of the admission made by the

    respondent’s father in his own testimony before the Court, it stands

    established that a sum of Rs. 8,00,000/- had been received from the father

    of the petitioner-wife. Further, in reference to the admission made by the

    respondent-husband and his father (RW-2) regarding articles such as T.V.,

    A.C., utensils, clothes, and upon taking into consideration the claim of the

    petitioner-wife that the said articles were worth Rs. 2,00,000/-, the learned

    Family Court has fixed the total amount of Rs. 10,00,000/- as liable to be

    returned by the respondent.

    73. The learned Family Court, upon consideration of the aforesaid admitted

    facts, has further taken note of the circumstance that the petitioner-wife had

    already received a sum of Rs. 2,00,000/- pursuant to the order passed by the

    Hon’ble High Court of Jharkhand in A.B.A. No. 2474 of 2020 (Avinash

    Kumar Pandey v. State of Jharkhand). The learned Family Court, therefore,

    observed that the said amount was liable to be adjusted against any payment

    to be made by the respondent, and accordingly directed the respondent-

    35

    2026:JHHC:19782-DB

    husband to pay a sum of Rs. 8,00,000/- to the petitioner-wife under Section

    27 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.

    74. From the perusal of the aforesaid paragraphs, it is apparent that the

    learned Family Court has extensively appreciated the claims of both parties

    within the purview of Section 27 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.

    75. Accordingly, it is the considered view of this Court that the impugned

    judgment passed by the learned Family Court warrants no interference.

    76. With the aforesaid observations, as made hereinabove, the instant

    appeals stand dismissed and as such, disposed of.

    77. Pending interlocutory application, if any, also stands disposed of.

    (Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.)

    I Agree.

         (Sanjay Prasad, J.)                                     (Sanjay Prasad, J.)
    
     30/06/2026
    
    Rohit/A.F.R.
    Uploaded on 06.07.2026
    
    
    
    
                                           36
     



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