After the Houthi rebels overthrew the democratically elected government in Yemen, the country has become the site of one of the longest civil wars in recent history. In this episode, we will explore the reasons for the current crisis in Yemen.
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From the removal of fuel subsidies to the intervention by Saudi Arabia, Yemen has turned into a battlefield today.
Yemen has long suffered from cultural and religious differences. The country was broadly divided into the south and northern, with the people following completely different ways of life. In 1990, the two regions were united under the leadership of Ali Abdullah Saleh. However, the country could not remain united. In just four years, southern separatists began to revolt. Furthermore, the Houthi rebels, with their base in Northern Yemen, started revolting. The region has turned into a battleground ever since.
Let us now look at a few reasons behind the Yemen crisis.
One: The Houthi takeover
The Houthi rebels are one of the primary causes of the crisis in Yemen. By 2014, the Houthis had captured a significant portion of Sanaa, the capital of Yemen. After consolidating their control over the capital, they continued with their advance towards the south. In January 2015, Hadi’s government had to resign. Hadi later fled to Saudi Arabia because of threats to his life.
Two: Removal of fuel subsidies
Hadi’s government lifted the fuel subsidy in 2014 to ease the economic burden faced by the country. The pressure mainly came from the International Monetary Fund which had passed a loan of $550 million for economic reforms. The country went into rebellion after the removal of fuel subsidies.
Three: Divisions in military
The divisions in the military also put fuel to the fire. An article published on Council on Foreign Relations mentions the following:
“Military units loyal to Saleh aligned themselves with the Houthis, contributing to their battlefield success. Other militias mobilized against the Houthi-Saleh forces, aligning with those in the military who had remained loyal to the Hadi government. Southern separatists ramped up their calls for secession.”
The intervention by Saudi Arabia and UAE is another reason for Yemen turning into a battlefield. You can find the role of Saudi Arabia in Yemen’s current crisis in previous episodes.
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