Devaraju T.R vs Rathanamma on 8 April, 2026

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    Bangalore District Court

    Devaraju T.R vs Rathanamma on 8 April, 2026

    KABC020570762024
    
    
    
    
    IN THE COURT OF THE XXII ADDL. JUDGE, COURT OF
         SMALL CAUSES AND ADDL. CHIEF JUDICIAL
             MAGISTRATE, BENGALURU CITY
                     (SCCH-24)
      Presided Over by Smt. Roopashri, B.Com., LL.B.,
                       XXII ADDL., SCJ & ACJM,
                        MEMBER - MACT,
                       BENGALURU.
            Dated: On this day of 8th day of April 2026
                       CC NO.17111/2024
    
      1.   Sl.No. of the Case   : C.C.No.17111 of 2024
    
      2.   The date of          : 01-07-2024
           commission of the
           offence
      3.   Name of the          : Mr. Devraju T R
           Complainant            Aged about 40 years,
                                  S/o Ramaiah,
                                  R/at No.6/8,
                                  Sanjevappa Building
                                  4th cross, 1st main
                                  Byataranapura,
                                  Mysore road,
                                  Government Electric Factory,
                                  Bengaluru South -560026.
    
                                  (By Sri. Anand M.N, Advocate)
     SCCH-24                          2          C.C.17111/2024
    
    
      4.        Name of the               Smt. Rathanamma
                Accused                   W/o Gangappa B
                                          No.17, 1st main, 1st floor,
                                          Opp Rajivghandi Politechnic
                                          GSR Auto Mobile,
                                          Next to Life Care Medical,
                                          Kengunte cross, Malathalli,
                                          Bengaluru -560056.
    
                                          (By Sri Avinash A.P, Advocate)
    
      5.        The offence complained      :   Under Section 138 of the
                of or proves                    Negotiable Instrument Act.
      6.        Plea of the accused and     :   Pleaded not guilty.
                his examination
      7.        Final Order                 :   Accused found guilty
      8.        Date of such order for      :   08-04-2026
                the following
    
                              JUDGMENT
    

    This complaint is filed under Sec. 200 of Cr. P. C.
    for the offence punishable under Section 138 of the
    Negotiable Instruments Act.

    2. It is the case of the complainant that:

    SPONSORED

    The accused and complainant are known to each
    other since several years. In that acquaintance, during
    the 4th week of March 2024 the accused had approached
    the complainant for hand loan of Rs.6,00,000/- for her
    family legal necessities. The complainant had withdraw
    the amount of Rs.6,00,000/- from his bank account on
    SCCH-24 3 C.C.17111/2024

    30-03-2024 and paid it to the accused. The accused
    agreed to repay the amount within 15 days. Even after
    expiry of 15 days, the accused has not repaid the
    amount. Thereafter, the accused issued post dated
    cheque bearing No.889562 dated 25-04-2024 for a sum
    of Rs.6,00,000/- drawn on State Bank of India,
    Nagarabhavi 2nd stage Branch, Bangalore. As per the
    instruction, when the complainant presented the
    cheque through his banker, same was dishonor and
    returned with memo “Account Blocked and Stopped by
    Home Branch”. Thereafter, the complainant got issued
    legal notice to the accused on 11-06-2024 through
    RPAD. The notice was returned with shara “Insufficient
    Address”. Accordingly, the accused has committed an
    offence punishable under Sec.138 of N.I Act.

    3. After recording the sworn statement of the
    complainant and verifying the documents, cognizance
    was taken against the accused for the offence
    punishable under Sec. 138 of N.I. Act. The accused on
    receiving the summons appeared before this Court
    through her counsel, enlarged on bail and her plea was
    recorded. The accused pleaded not guilty and claims to
    be tried. Hence, the case was posted for evidence of the
    complainant.

    SCCH-24 4 C.C.17111/2024

    4. The complainant got examined himself as
    PW.1, and got marked documents as Ex.P1 to 9. Then,
    the case was posted for recording the statement of
    accused under Sec.313 Cr.P.C. In the statement U/s
    313 Cr.P.C., the accused has denied all the
    incriminating evidence appearing against her and
    claimed to be tried. The accused got examined herself as
    DW.1 and got marked documents as Ex.R1 to Ex.R4.
    Hence the case was posted for argument.

    5. Heard the arguments and perused the
    records.

    6. The following points arise for my
    consideration:

    1. Whether the complainant
    proves that accused has committed
    offence punishable under Sec.138 of
    N.I. Act?

    2. What order?

    7. My findings on the above points are as under:

                      Point No.1:          In the Affirmative
                      Point No.2:          As per final order
                                           for the following:
     SCCH-24                        5          C.C.17111/2024
    
    
                         -: R E A S O N S :-
    
    

    8. POINT No.1:- It is the definite case of the
    complainant that, towards the discharge of liability, the
    accused has issued disputed cheque and when the
    cheque was presented, same was dishonoued for the
    reason “Account Blocked and Stopped by Home
    Branch”. Though the said fact was brought to the notice
    of the accused by issuing legal notice, but the accused
    has failed to repay the cheque amount.

    9. To substantiate the contention, the
    complainant got examined himself as PW1. The PW.1 in
    his examination in chief has reiterated the averments
    made in the complaint. Ex.P1 is the cheque which bears
    the signature of accused. It is deposed by Pw-1 that
    cheque in question was issued by the accused towards
    discharge of liability. The cheque in question was
    presented by the complainant through his banker which
    was returned with memo as per ExP2 stating ‘Account
    Blocked and Stopped by Home Branch”. Hence, he got
    issued legal notice to the accused through RPAD, which
    is produced at Ex.P.3. The postal receipt is marked at
    Ex.P.4. Postal cover is marked at Ex.P5. The postal
    envelope was opened in the court, the notice inside it
    was marked as Ex.P6. Bank statement, Registration
    SCCH-24 6 C.C.17111/2024

    certificate and Sec.65 B certificate are marked at Ex.P7
    to Ex.P9.

    10. The accused while admitting that
    complainant is known to her through the mother in law
    of the complainant has taken the defence that she was
    running chit business and complainant invested sum of
    Rs.50,000/- in the chit business, at no point of time she
    had borrowed sum of Rs.6,00,000/- from the
    complainant. It is the specific defence of the accused
    that the complainant had given assurance to the
    accused that he will provide loan facility of
    Rs.5,00,000/- from the bank and brought the bank
    officials to her house. At that time she had given blank
    cheque to the bank official. Since the complainant did
    not made arrangement to get the loan from the bank, it
    constrained her to avail loan from some other bank. But
    the complainant instead of returning the cheque, has
    misused the said cheque by forging her signature. The
    accused in further has denied the service of legal notice
    to her.

    11. In order to substantiate the defence, the
    accused got examined herself as DW.1 and got marked
    documents as Ex.R1 to Ex.R4.

    SCCH-24 7 C.C.17111/2024

    12. If the entire evidence of accused is perused,
    no where she has disputed the financial capacity of the
    complainant to lend sum of Rs.6,00,000/- to her.
    Hence, there is no need to discuss on the financial
    capacity of the complainant.

    13. So far as the dispute raised as to the service
    of legal notice is concerned, the complainant has issued
    legal notice to the accused through RPAD. It is relevant
    to state here that the complainant having mentioned
    one address in the legal notice, when it has turned to
    the RPAD cover, in the RPAD cover he has given some
    other address. It is deposed by PW.1 that the address
    mentioned in the legal notice is the address mentioned
    in the pass book of the accused and the address
    mentioned in the RPAD cover is the complete address of
    the accused in which accused is residing and for proper
    service of legal notice he has mentioned the said
    address in the RPAD cover. Admittedly the legal notice
    issued to the accused was returned un-served with
    shara insufficient address. In the RPAD cover the
    complainant even has mentioned the mobile number of
    the accused. As per the postal shara, the accused has
    not responded to the phone call. The accused has
    admitted the address mentioned in the legal notice but
    denied the correctness of the address mentioned in the
    SCCH-24 8 C.C.17111/2024

    postal cover. She has produced her Aadhar card as at
    Ex.D1 to prove that she is residing in the address stated
    in the Aadhar card which itself is the address
    mentioned in the legal notice. But if the Bail bond
    executed by the accused which is in the case file is
    perused, wherein she has given her address which is
    the address mentioned in the postal cover at Ex.P5.
    Further in the cause title of the complaint, the
    complainant has mentioned the address of the accused
    which is the address mentioned in the postal cover. The
    court summon was issued to the very same address and
    summons issued to the accused to the said address was
    personally served through the Jurisdictional PS which is
    evident from the summons copy in the case file which
    bears the signature of the accused. Further accused has
    admitted the service of court summons. It is not in
    dispute that complainant and accused are known to
    each other since several years. The Pw.1 has deposed
    that he had gone to the house of accused to the address
    mentioned in the Ex.P5. The accused has not denied the
    said evidence of the PW.1. Hence, when summons was
    served to the address mentioned in the Ex.P5 and when
    in the bail bond the accused herself has furnished her
    address which is the address mentioned in the Ex.P5
    and when even the phone number of accused was also
    mentioned in the Ex.P5 and even after giving call to the
    SCCH-24 9 C.C.17111/2024

    said number, she has not responded by not picking the
    call it clearly reveals that accused has intentionally
    avoided the service of legal notice. The intention behind
    in issuance of legal notice is to give an opportunity to
    comply the demand made in the legal notice. But
    accused had no intention to comply the demand made
    in the legal notice for the reason that if she had
    intention to comply the demand, on her appearance
    before the court she would have paid the alleged cheque
    amount. But accused has contested the case in tooth
    and nail by denying the hand loan transaction of
    Rs.6,00,000/- held between her and the complainant. If
    the address mentioned in the Ex.P5 is perused, address
    of the accused is given in detail by mentioning Door
    Number and other particulars. In spite of that it was
    returned as insufficient address. The postal cover was
    not returned with shara “incorrect address”. The
    learned counsel for the complainant at this juncture,
    has referred the judgment reported in (1999) 7 SCC 510
    between K.Bhaskaran V/s Sankaran Vidyabalan and
    others., wherein referring Sec.27 of General Clauses Act
    it was held that, “Where sender has dispatched the
    notice by post with correct address written there on,
    such notice can be deemed to have been served on
    sender unless he proves that it was never actually
    SCCH-24 10 C.C.17111/2024

    served and that he was not responsible for the non
    service.”

    14. In (2014) 12 SCC 685 between Ajith Seeds
    Limited V/s K. Gopalakrishnaiah, wherein also similar
    observation was made stating that notice sent to correct
    address by Registered post, is deemed to have been
    served unless and until the contrary is proved.

    15. As observed supra in the present case the
    accused has disputed the correctness of the address
    mentioned in the Ex.P5. In support of the argument the
    learned counsel for the accused has referred the
    judgment reported in 2025 (1) KCCR 194 between
    Channaveera Naik V/s Santhosh Pandu. In the said
    case service of legal notice was not proved as legal
    notice was not issued to the proper address of the
    accused. Apart from that, the complainant has not
    proved his source of income and existence of legally
    enforceable debt. Under the given set of facts, the
    Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka has acquitted the
    accused.

    16. In Crl. Appeal No.287/2023 between Mysore
    District Women Co-operative Bank ltd., V/s
    Chandrashekar .R. decided on 05-08-2024 by the
    Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka, wherein, the PW.1 in
    SCCH-24 11 C.C.17111/2024

    his cross examination has categorically stated that
    accused is the resident of Bettada Madahalli but, the
    address mentioned in the Ex.P3 is of Hallada Madahalli.
    There is absolutely no explanation given by the
    complainant as to why notice was issued to Hallada
    Madahalli, when the accused was working at Bettada
    Madahalli. According to the PW.1 it may be a mistake to
    mention the name of village as Hallada Madahalli,
    instead of addressing it to Bettada Madahalli. Under the
    given set of facts it was held that there was no
    compliance of requirement of Sec.138(b) of the N.I. Act.
    Hence the accused was acquitted.

    17. But in the present case, the PW.1 has given
    explanation as to why he has addressed the legal notice
    to the address mentioned in the postal cover. Hence,
    there is every reason to believe that accused
    intentionally has avoided the service of legal notice to
    her. Hence, it can be said that complainant has
    complied the mandatory requirement u/Sec.138(b) of
    the NI Act.

    18. It is relevant to state here that the accused
    nowhere has disputed the financial capacity of the
    complainant to lend sum of Rs.6,00,000/- to her. Even
    then the complainant has produced his statement of
    SCCH-24 12 C.C.17111/2024

    account as per Ex.P7. It is the definite case of the
    complainant that, accused has asked for financial
    assistant to the tune of Rs.6,00,000/- in the 4 th week of
    March 2022 and on 30-03-2024 by withdrawing money
    from the bank he has given sum of Rs.6,00,000/- to the
    accused. The complainant has relied upon Ex.P7 to
    prove that as on 30-03-2024 he had sufficient amount
    in his credit and on the said date he had withdrawn
    sum of Rs.6,00,000/- and given it to the accused. When
    it was questioned to the PW.1 as to why he has not
    transferred the said amount through account transfer,
    for which the PW.1 states that since accused demanded
    to give the said amount by way of cash to meet her
    urgent needs, instead of account transfer he has given
    the said sum by way of cash.

    19. The learned counsel for accused has much
    argued about non disclosure of the alleged loan
    transaction in the income Tax Returns and lending of
    alleged sum of Rs.6,00,000/- by way of cash, even
    though it is prohibited to have cash transaction more
    than Rs.2,00,000/-.

    20. The PW.1 has deposed that he has not
    disclosed the loan transaction of Rs.6,00,000/- in his
    Income Tax Return. PW.1 has given explanation as to
    SCCH-24 13 C.C.17111/2024

    why he has not disclosed the said transaction in his
    Income Tax Return stating that since accused had given
    assurance of returning the said sum within 15 days, he
    has not disclosed the said transaction in the Income Tax
    Returns. So far as non disclosure of loan transaction in
    the Income Tax Returns is concerned, it is relevant to
    refer the judgment reported in Hon’ble Supreme Court
    in Crl. Appeal No.175/2010 decided on 25-09-2025. The
    Hon’ble Supreme Court while deciding an Appeal
    against a Bombay High Court judgment observed that
    the Kerala High Court’s recent judgment in P.C. Hari Vs.
    Shine Varghese and Anr., delivered on 25-06-2025 was
    wrong. It is observed that “a violation of Section 269SS
    of the Income Tax Act, 1961, which restricts cash
    transactions above Rs.20,000/- does not render such
    transactions illegal, void or unenforceable. The Hon’ble
    Supreme Court observed that “the breach of Section
    269SS merely attracts the statutory penalty prescribed
    u/Sec.271D and cannot by itself invalidate a debt for
    the purpose of proceedings u/Sec. 138 of the NI Act
    1881. Holding that the presumptions under Sections
    118
    and 139 of the NI Act remain unaffected, the
    Hon’ble Supreme Court rejected the view taken in
    P.C.Hari that cash transactions above Rs.20,000/- are
    void and do not qualify as “legal enforceable debt”.
    Hence, non disclosure of alleged loan transaction in the
    SCCH-24 14 C.C.17111/2024

    Income Tax Returns does not affect the case of the
    complainant in proving the alleged loan transaction.

    21. Learned counsel for accused in further has
    argued that though the alleged cheque was issued in
    the name of God King Enterprises and though the
    Account Statement at Ex.P7 is relating to God King
    Enterprises and though as per the case of complainant,
    by withdrawing sum of Rs.6,00,000/- from the account
    of God King Enterprises, the complainant had given
    amount to the accused, but the complainant has not
    made God King Enterprises as party to the proceedings,
    hence, on that count also the complaint is liable to be
    dismissed.

    22. In the light of the argument canvassed by the
    learned counsel for accused, if the materials placed on
    record is perused, in the Legal notice, in the Complaint
    and in the evidence in chief, the Complainant has
    categorically stated that he is the Proprietor of God King
    enterprises. The Complainant has produced
    Registration Certificate as per Ex.P8 which discloses
    that he is the sole Proprietor of God King Enterprises.
    When complainant himself is the Proprietor of God King
    Enterprises, under such circumstances, even if cheque
    is issued in the name of God King Enterprises and
    SCCH-24 15 C.C.17111/2024

    amount was paid from the account of the aforesaid
    Proprietorship concern it would not make the complaint
    invalid. The learned counsel for the Complainant at this
    juncture has referred the judgment reported in (2008)
    SCC 536 between Shankar Finance and Investments
    V/s State of Andhra Pradesh and Others., wherein
    question was raised, Who should represent the Payee
    where the payee is a company or how the payee should
    be represented where payee is a sole Proprietary
    concern. It was observed that, company incorporated
    under Companies Act 1956 is a legal entity distinct from
    its share holders while a Proprietary concern is not a
    legal entity distinct from its Proprietor but an individual
    trading under a trade name.

    23. When complainant is the Proprietor of God
    King Enterprises, even if cheque is issued in the name
    of Proprietorship concern the complaint filed by the
    Complainant in his individual capacity is maintainable.

    24. At the cost of repetition the accused has
    disputed her signature in the Ex.P1 and contended that,
    the Complainant under the guise of providing loan
    facility to her in the bank has taken the blank unsigned
    cheque and also her signature on the blank papers and
    documents and even though loan was not provided to
    SCCH-24 16 C.C.17111/2024

    her from the bank, the complainant instead of returning
    the blank unsigned cheque, by forging the signature of
    the accused and by filling the blank cheque according to
    his whims and fancies has lodged false complaint
    against her. The accused has relied upon Whatsapp
    conversation held between her and the Complainant to
    substantiate the defence taken by her.

    25. According to the Complainant, the accused is
    known to him since 5 years as accused is residing
    nearby the house of his mother-in-law and accused is
    the close associate of his mother-in-law and in that
    acquittance he came to know of the accused. According
    to the PW.1, accused is running Chit business. Even the
    accused in her evidence in chief has admitted that she
    is running chit business in small scale. The accused in
    further has deposed that, Complainant had invested
    sum of Rs.50,000/- with her in the chit business and
    that except the chit transaction she had no other
    transaction with the complainant. The complainant
    denied his having chit transaction of any amount with
    the accused but deposed that, his mother in law had
    chit transaction with the accused and during the said
    transaction the relationship between the accused and
    his mother-in-law has strained. It is relevant to state
    here that, the accused having admitted in her evidence
    SCCH-24 17 C.C.17111/2024

    in chief of her running chit business, but during the
    cross examination recorded on 13.02.2026, she has
    denied her running chit transaction at any point of time
    and deposed that, the complainant at no point of time
    had invested any amount with her in the chit business.
    Having deposed so, again in the further cross
    examination recorded on 02.03.2026 the accused
    deposed that, prior to Corona she was running chit
    business but, after the pandemic, she closed her chit
    transaction. At the cost of repetition it is the defence of
    the accused that, the complainant assured her of
    providing loan to the tune of Rs.5 lakh and in that
    regard collected blank un signed cheque and signature
    on some blank papers but later on failed to provide any
    loan amount to her. Though the accused has stated that
    she is financially sound as she is fetching rental income
    to the tune of Rs.50 to 60 thousand per month but from
    the evidence of accused it can be gathered that in the
    year 2023 she had borrowed some of Rs.10 lakh to meet
    her family necessities. According to the accused, the
    complainant had brought the bank Officials to her
    house under the guise of providing loan facility to her at
    that time she had given blank cheque to the Bank
    Officials. It is admitted by DW.1 that she had not given
    blank unsigned cheque to the complainant. When
    accused has not given any blank unsigned cheque to
    SCCH-24 18 C.C.17111/2024

    the complainant and according to the evidence of
    accused, she had given blank unsigned cheque to the
    Official of the bank, under such circumstances question
    of complainant misusing the alleged blank unsigned
    cheque given to the bank Official does not arise. So far
    as the whatsapp conversation allegedly held between
    the complainant and accused regarding the assurance
    given by the complainant to provide loan facility to her
    from the bank is concerned, the said conversation was
    held in the year 2023 but the case of complainant that
    the disputed transaction was held in the year 2024.
    Further, in the Ex.D2 there is no whisper regarding the
    blank unsigned cheque given by the accused to the
    complainant. Hence, Ex.D2 would no way assist the
    accused in proving the defence taken by her. As
    observed supra accused has disputed her signature in
    the Ex.P1. But if the disputed signature in the Ex.P1 is
    compared with the admitted signature in the Plea, 313
    Statement, deposition of Dw.1, Bail bond etc., it tallies
    with each other and there is no dissimilarities to any
    extent. Hence, it can safely be held that signature in the
    Ex.P1 is the signature of the accused alone. At the risk
    of repetition, when as per the own evidence of DW.1, she
    had given blank unsigned cheque to the bank Officials
    but not to the Complainant, it is for the accused to
    SCCH-24 19 C.C.17111/2024

    explain how the cheque in question has reached the
    hands of the Complainant.

    26. From the materials placed on record, it can be
    said that the complainant has proved his case of
    lending sum of Rs.6 lakhs to the accused and the
    cheque in question issued towards the discharge of the
    debt.

    27. As per the documents relied by the
    complainant, cheque was returned for the reason
    “Account blocked and account stopped by home branch
    (11819).”

    28. The learned defence counsel by referring the
    aforesaid endorsement has vehemently submitted that,
    as per the recent judgment of the Hon’ble High court
    when the cheque is dishnour for the reason Account
    Blocked, the complaint u/Sec. 138 N.I Act is not
    maintainable. The learned counsel at this juncture has
    referred the judgment rendered by Hon’ble High court of
    Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh, in CRM-M-
    14537/2018 between Rajesh Meena V/s State of
    Haryana and others, decided on 01-07-2019. In the
    said case the cheque was returned with remarks
    “Account blocked.” The Hon’ble High court has
    SCCH-24 20 C.C.17111/2024

    dismissed the complaint on the ground that as on the
    date of presentation of the cheque before the bank, the
    account holder was not maintaining the said account. It
    was observed that if an account holder is deprived off
    his authority, control and dominance over the bank
    account, it cannot be said that the account is being
    maintained by the said account holder.

    29. In the said case the post dated cheques date
    27-06-2017 and 27-07-2017 were issued by the
    accused. The proceedings against the accused company
    were initiated under the provisions of IB Code 2016 and
    the order in terms of Sec.14 of IB Code was passed on
    21-07-2017 i.e., subsequent to the issuance of the
    cheque dated 27-06-2017. The cheque was dishonoured
    for the reason “Account blocked.” The complainant
    proceeded to serve the statutory notice dated 4-10-2017
    which was served to the accused on 09-10-2017. The
    accused had sent reply notice on 16-10-2017. In the
    reply notice the accused had clearly stated that because
    of prohibitory orders by NCLT New Delhi, the account in
    question stood blocked and thereby request was made
    by the accused to the complainant to withdraw the legal
    notice. It was further requested that as and when the
    accused would get the permission to operate the
    account of the company, the payment in respect of the
    SCCH-24 21 C.C.17111/2024

    cheques in question would be made to the Complainant.
    In the reply notice it is also stated that intervention by
    the company – NCLT was conveyed to the complainant
    even before the presentation of the cheque and request
    was made to the complainant not to present the cheque.
    Inspite of that the complainant presented the cheque
    and it was dishonoured. In the given set of facts the
    Hon’ble High Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh has
    dismissed the complaint.

    30. The learned defence counsel has referred one
    more judgment rendered by Hon’ble High court of
    Karnataka in Criminal Petition No.1107/2025 between
    M/s ND. Developers Pvt. Ltd., and others V/s Ritesh
    Raushan decided on 4-3-2026. In the said case also the
    cheque was dishonoured for the reason “Account
    blocked.” The Hon’ble High court was pleased to quash
    the proceedings by allowing the Criminal Petition filed
    by the accused on the ground that when the cheque was
    dishonoured for the reason “Account block situation
    covered in 2125 it would means that withdrawal is
    stopped in lieu of insolvency of the account holder,
    therefore it is a situation where the drawer of the
    cheque has no control or authority over the account in
    the case of debit freezement and in order to become
    liable for the offence U/sec.138 of the Act, the accused
    SCCH-24 22 C.C.17111/2024

    is require to have control over the account when the
    cheque becomes due for presentation / realization.”

    31. In the said case, cheque was issued for Rs.41
    lakh on 9-3-2024. Two crimes are registered against the
    petitioners / accused in Cr.92/2022 and 116/2023 for
    the offences punishable U/sec.406, 420, 504 and 506 of
    IPC. The Investigating Officer investigate into the said
    case directed debit freezement of the account of the
    accused company and its Managing Director on 24-05-
    2024 till the investigation in the said crime would get
    completed. The police notice dated 24-05-2024 was
    given to the bank requesting debit freezement. It is after
    issuance of the cheque in issue, the account was frozen.
    The cheque dated 9-3-2024 was returned for the reason
    “Account blocked situation covered in 2125.” The
    complainant then issued notice to the accused. The
    notice was replied by the accused. At the time when the
    reply was rendered by the accused, they were not aware
    of the fact of debit freezement of the account. They came
    to know of it only on 26-7-2024, when the bank
    communicates to the accused about debit freezement. In
    the said case attachment by an order of the court was
    passed after the alleged cheque was issued. The Hon’ble
    High court has held that, “The attachment of the bank
    account of the petitioner had the affect of disabling the
    SCCH-24 23 C.C.17111/2024

    petitioner / accused from operating or maintaining the
    said account. The accused could not exercise his right
    either to deposit into or withdraw from the said account.
    The act of attachment of the bank account of the drawer
    / accused cannot be said to be a voluntary act of the
    drawer / accused. It cannot be said that the accused
    contrived to have the account attached only for the
    purpose of warding of the penal consequences
    u/Sec.138 of the Act. It also cannot be said that, after
    attachment of the bank account, the same was been
    maintained by the petitioner. For an account to be
    maintained by an account holder, it is essential that he
    is in a position to operate the said account either by
    depositing monies therein or by withdrawing money
    there from. He should be in a position to give effective
    instruction to his banker with whom the account is
    maintained. As long as attachment under the court
    order continues, the accused could not have issue any
    binding instruction to his banker and the banker was
    not obliged to honor any of the instructions of the
    accused in relation to the said account.” It was further
    observed that, when the cheque was issued the account
    was active and later on as per the order of the court the
    account was blocked / frozen, hence drawer of the
    cheque had no control or authority over the account.

    SCCH-24 24 C.C.17111/2024

    32. In the light of the observation made in the
    aforesaid judgments if the materials placed on record in
    the present case is perused, as observed supra the
    cheque was dishonoured for the reason “Account
    blocked – account stopped by Home branch (11819).”
    The common reason for this block is not updating the
    KYC documents or if the account is not used for a long
    time. Unless and until the said issue is resolved the
    account holder is prevented from making withdrawals or
    transfer. If an account is blocked specifically because
    the account holder failed to update KYC details, it can
    be said that the said act is a voluntarily act or
    negligence by the account holder. Maintaining KYC is a
    process within the control of the account holder. It is no
    where the case of the accused that, it is subsequent to
    the issuance of the disputed cheque, her account was
    blocked. In the two cases referred above the account
    was blocked by a statutory authority due to the reason
    beyond the control of the drawer. But, in the present
    case the accused has not demonstrated that at the time
    when she issued the cheque the account was active and
    there was sufficient balance in the account and it is
    only after the issuance of the cheque account was
    blocked and she was not aware of the same. Hence the
    observation made in the aforesaid two judgments has no
    application to the case in hand.

    SCCH-24 25 C.C.17111/2024

    33. In the light of the discussion made herein
    above, this court is of the considered opinion that
    complainant has proved that accused has committed
    the offence punishable under Section 138 of Negotiable
    Instruments Act. Accordingly, I answered Point No.1 in
    the Affirmative.

    34. POINT No.2 :- The Negotiable Instruments Act
    is a Special Enactment, and the provisions of the Act
    prevail over the general provision contained in the Code
    of Criminal Procedure
    . Therefore, keeping the relevant
    provisions of the Act in mind the sentence is to be
    passed. In the light of the reasons on the point No.1, I
    proceed to pass the following;

    ORDER

    Acting under Sec. 278(2) of BNSS the
    accused is found guilty of the offence
    punishable under section 138 read with
    section 142 of NI Act.

    Consequently, accused is sentenced to
    pay fine of Rs.6,10,000/- (Rupees Six
    Lakhs Ten Thousand only), out of which
    Rs.6,05,000/- shall be paid as
    SCCH-24 26 C.C.17111/2024

    compensation to the complainant under
    Sec.396 of BNSS and Rs.5,000/- shall be
    payable to the State.

    In the event of default in payment
    within a period of one month, the accused
    shall be convicted to simple imprisonment
    for a period of 4 months.

    It is made clear that in view of Sec.430
    of BNSS, even if the accused under goes the
    default sentence imposed above, he is not
    absolved of liability to pay the fine amount.

    The bail bond of accused and that of
    surety stands canceled.

    Office to furnish the copy of this
    judgment free of cost to the accused.

    (Dictated to the stenographer directly on computer, corrected and
    then pronounced by me in open court, on this the 8th day of
    April 2026)

    (ROOPASHRI)
    XXII Addl.SCJ & ACJM
    Bengaluru.

    SCCH-24 27 C.C.17111/2024

    :ANNEXTURE:

    LIST OF WITNESSES EXAMINED ON BEHALF THE COMPLAINANT
    P.W.1 : Mr. Devaraju T R
    LIST OF DOCUMENTS MARKED ON BEHALF COMPLAINANT:

    Ex.P.1                  : Original Cheque
    Ex.P.1(a)               : Signature of the accused.
    Ex.P.2                  : Endorsement.
    Ex.P.3                  : Copy of legal notice.
    Ex.P.4                  : Postal Receipt
    Ex.P.5                  : Postal Cover
    Ex.P6                   :  The postal envelope was opened in
                              the court, the notice inside it was
                              marked
    Ex.P7                   : Bank statement
    Ex.P8                   : Registration certificate
    Ex.P9                   : Certificate Sec. 65 B
    
    

    LIST OF WITNESSES EXAMINED BY THE ACCUSED:

    D.W.1 : – Rathnamma
    LIST OF DOCUMENTS MARKED ON BEHALF OF ACCUSED:

    Ex.R1           :       Notarized copy of Aadhar card
    Ex.R2           :       Typed the conversation on the
                            pendrive and make a typed copy
    
    Ex.R3               :   PEN drive
    Ex.R4           :       Certificate u/sec.63B of Indian
                            Evidence Act
    
                                          XXII Addl. SCJ & ACJM
                                               Bengaluru.
    
    
                                                         Digitally
                                                         signed by
                                                         ROOPASHRI
                                               ROOPASHRI Date:
                                                         2026.04.08
                                                         17:24:14
                                                         +0530
     



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