Darshan Kumar vs Dtc on 18 July, 2026

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    Delhi District Court

    Darshan Kumar vs Dtc on 18 July, 2026

    POIT No: 18/2020                                          Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
                 IN THE COURT OF SH. SHARAD GUPTA
              PRESIDING OFFICER, INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNAL-II
                    ROUSE AVENUE COURTS, DELHI.
    
                       In the matter of:
    
                       POIT No.      18/2020
                       CNR No.       DLCT13-002710-2020
    
    
                              Sh. Darshan Kumar
                              S/o Sh. Sadhu Ram,
                              R/o H.No. 6/474,
                              Block No.6, Trilok Puri,
                              New Delhi-110091
                              As represented by
                              General Secretary,
                              Delhi Labour Union,
                              Agarwal Bhawan, G. T. Road,
                              Tis Hazari, Delhi - 110054.     ..... Workman
    
                                     Versus
    
                              The Delhi Transport Corporation
                              I.P. Deptt. (Head Quarter),
                              I.P. Estate, New Delhi          .... Management
    
                   Date of institution         25.08.2020
                   Order reserved on           08.07.2026
                   Dare of Award               18.07.2026
    
    
                                           AWARD
       1. Labour Department, Govt.               of     the   National Capital
            Territory of Delhi has referred this dispute vide notification
            No. F.24 (05)/18/Ref./CD/Lab./17 dated 06.01.2020 for
            adjudication with following terms of the reference:         SHARAD GUPTA
                                                                                       Digitally signed
                                                                                       by SHARAD
    
                                                                        GUPTA Date:
                                                                               2026.07.18
                                                                                       16:00:14 +0530
    
    Award                                                                    1 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                             Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
                       1.   "Whether the termination of services of
                            the workman Sh. Darshan Kumar S/o Sh.
                            Sadhu Ram, age around 40 years by
                            management is illegal/or unjustified and
                            if so, to what relief is he entitled and
                            what directions are necessary in this
                            respect?"
    
                       2.   "Whether the demand of the workman Sh.
                            Darshan Kumar S/o Sh. Sadhu Ram for
                            regularization of his services on the post
                            of Driver with retrospective effect from
                            his initial date of joining into the
                            employment with all consequential
                            benefits thereof, either monetary or
                            otherwise is legal and justified, in light of
                            reference no.1 and if so, what relief is he
                            entitled and what directions are necessary
                            in this respect?"
    
            Statement of Claim
       2. Workman stated that he joined into the employment of the
            management w.e.f. 29.09.2010 as a driver on contract basis
            and was being paid salary kilometer wise. Initially he was
            paid salary @ Rs.4/- kilometer which was later on raised to
            Rs. 5/- kilometer. A written test was also conducted at the
            time of joining and a driving test and medical examination
            was also done at the time of initial joining.
    
    
       3. It is stated that workman continuously discharged his duties
            from 29.09.2010 till 07.08.2018 and vide office order dated
            06.09.2018, workman was terminated from services and the
            reason given by the management was that the height of the SHARAD                      Digitally signed
                                                                                                  by SHARAD
                                                                                                  GUPTA
                                                                                          GUPTA   Date:
                                                                                                  2026.07.18
                                                                                                  16:00:26 +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                                       2 of 42
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            workman is 161 c.m. whereas, as per the requirement it
            should be at least 162 c.m.
    
    
       4. It is submitted that the action of the management was totally
            wrong in taking the workman on contract basis because the
            nature of job on which he was engaged was of regular and
            permanent nature and he was entitled to Equal Pay for Equal
            Work for the entire tenure, he discharged his services and
            non-regularization of services and non-payment of difference
            of salary on the principle of "Equal Pay for Equal Work" to
            the workman is totally illegal, bad, unjust and malafide.
    
    
       5. It is averred that the job against which the workman was
            working is of a regular and permanent nature of job which is
            still continuing with the management. It is stated that the
            workman has not committed any misconduct but in case of
            any alleged misconduct no memo or charge-sheet was served
            upon him and no domestic inquiry was conducted against him
            and he was not afforded any opportunity of being heard and
            his services were terminated illegally and arbitrarily without
            following the principles of natural justice.
    
    
       6. It is submitted that no seniority list was displayed, no notice
            was given, no notice pay was offered and no service
            compensation was either offered or paid to the workman at
                                                                            Digitally signed
                                                                            by SHARAD
                                                                 SHARAD GUPTA
                                                                 GUPTA Date:
                                                                        2026.07.18
                                                                            16:00:33 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                 3 of 42
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            the time of termination of his services and his termination is
            violative of Section 25 F, G & H of the Industrial Disputes
            Act, 1947 read with Rule 76, 77 & 78 of the Industrial
            Dispute (Central) Rule 1957. It is stated that the plea of one
            c.m. short height is no plea because the workman was
            continuously discharging his services for a period of about
            eight years and his services cannot be terminated on the
            alleged plea and even otherwise, one Sh. Vinod Kumar and
            Rajesh Kumar co-employee of the workman were regularized
            in job though their height is even shorter than the workman.
    
    
       7. It is stated that the management was supposed to give three
            months notice to the workman as stipulated under the law but
            no such notice was given to the workman and no prior
            permission of the appropriate Government was obtained by
            the management before terminating the services of the
            workman and his termination is in complete violation of the
            provisions of Section 25-N of I.D. Act. The action of the
            management amounts to unfair labour practice and is in clear
            violation of conditions as provided in Section 2 (ra) read with
            Item No. 5 (a), (b), (d) & (f) of the Fifth Schedule of the ID
            Act, 1947.
    
    
       8. It is stated that employing persons on regular nature of jobs
            and treating them as contract workers and paying them lesser
                                                                                           Digitally
                                                                                           signed by
                                                                                           SHARAD
                                                                                  SHARAD   GUPTA
                                                                                  GUPTA    Date:
                                                                                           2026.07.18
                                                                                           16:00:40
                                                                                           +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                               4 of 42
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            remuneration than those doing the identical work and the
            work of same value amounts to unfair labour practice as
            provided in Section 2 (ra) read with Item No.10 of Fifth
            Schedule and read with Section 25 T punishable under section
            25 U of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 as held by the
            Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in the Matter of "Umrala
            Gram Panchayat Vs. The Secretary, Municipal Employee Union
            and Ors" (2015) II LLJ 403 SC, "ONGC Itd. Vs. Petroleum Coal
            labour Union and Ors. (2015) IILJ 257 SC", and "Simens Limited
            and Anr. Vs. Siemens Employees Union and Anr. (2011)9 SSC
            775".
    
    
       9. It is stated that the workman has been meted out with hostile
            discrimination as not only his colleagues but also the persons
            juniors to him have been retained in service and he has been
            thrown out of job.
    
    
       10.It is stated that management has not framed any rules or
            regularization nor get it passed by the UPSC and nor notified
            in the official Gazette for governing the service conditions of
            the so called muster roll/part-time/seasonal workers nor it has
            any certified standing orders, governing service conditions of
            such workers and, therefore, the Model Standing Orders
            framed under the Industrial Employment (standing orders)
            Act, 1946 are applicable to the workman and the
                                                                   Digitally signed
            management.                                            by SHARAD
                                                        SHARAD GUPTA
                                                        GUPTA Date:
                                                               2026.07.18
                                                                   16:00:46 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                  5 of 42
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       11.It is stated that the workmen has acquired the status of a
            permanent employee since his initial date of joining after
            completing 90 days of continuous service as prescribed in the
            Model      Standing   Order   framed     under     the     Industrial
            Employment Standing Order Act, 1946. Even otherwise,
            after completion of 240 days of continuous employment on
            regular basis as has been held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court
            of India in ONGC Ltd. Vs. Petroleum Coal Labour Union and
            Ors. (2015) IILJ 257 SC.
    
    
       12.It is stated that a demand notice was served upon the
            management by registered A.D. post vide communication
            dated 11.12.2018, which was duly received in their office, but
            no reply has been received, and it is presumed that the
            demand      has   been    rejected.    Thereafter,       conciliation
            proceedings were also initiated, but same resulted into failure
            due to adamant and non-co-operative attitude of the
            management.
    
    
       13.Workman has prayed that an Award be made in his favour and
            the management be directed to reinstate the workman in
            service with continuity of service and full back wages along
            with all consequential benefits thereof either monetary or
            otherwise and regularize the services of the workman on the
            post of Driver with retrospective effect from the initial date of
                                                                         Digitally signed
                                                                         by SHARAD
                                                               SHARAD GUPTA
                                                               GUPTA Date:
                                                                      2026.07.18
                                                                         16:00:52 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                      6 of 42
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            his joining into the employment in proper pay scale and
            allowances and to pay him entire difference of salary on the
            principle of "Equal Pay for Equal Work". Cost of litigation
            has also been prayed for.
    
    
            Written Statement
       14.In the written statement, management has stated that the
            workman has approached this Tribunal with unclean hands
            with the intention to mislead this Tribunal has averred
            fabricated and concocted facts. It is stated that the workman
            was engaged purely on contract basis and he had willfully on
            his own accord entered into the contractual agreement with
            the management.
    
    
       15.It is submitted that the engagement of the workman was
            purely temporary for the post of driver w.e.f. 28.09.2010 to
            25.12.2010 for a total period of 89 days as per short term
            agreement dated 28.09.2010. It is submitted that after the
            completion of 89 days the contract of the workman was
            renewed vide short term contract agreement for engaging
            drivers on contractual basis dated 31.01.2011. The contract
            of the workman was renewed for 89 days vide agreements
            dated      28.03.2011   and   29.06.2011   and   thereafter    on
            conclusion of the last contract, the workman was engaged on
            contractual basis for a period of one year vide short terms                    Digitally signed
                                                                                           by SHARAD
                                                                                  SHARAD GUPTA
                                                                                         Date:
                                                                                  GUPTA 2026.07.18
                                                                                           16:01:03
                                                                                           +0530
    
    
    
    
    Award                                                               7 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                    Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
            agreement dated 29.09.2011 and 13.02.2012 and the contract
            of the workman was again extended vide agreements dated
            14.01.2023, 16.01.2024, 17.01.2015, 20.01.2016, 23.01.2017
            and 25.01.2018.
    
    
       16.It is submitted that the workman had willfully on his own
            accord entered into the contractual agreement with the
            management and at the time of execution of the initial short
            term agreement for the post of driver dated 28.09.2010 the
            workman was examined by the Medical Board and vide
            report dated 28.12.2010 was declared under height as per the
            prevalent medical standards for the candidates selected for
            appointment on contractual basis with the management and
            the workman had agreed not to raise any claim for seniority,
            regularization of services on permanent basis in the
            management. Workman was again medically examined on
            09.01.2018 and the workman was found to be unfit as per the
            medical standards of the management. It is stated that no
            demand notice has been served upon the management. Other
            averments made in the statement of claim have been denied
            and dismissal of the claim has been prayed for.
    
    
            Issues
       17.On 23.10.2021, on the basis of pleadings of the parties,
            following issues were framed:
                                                                       Digitally signed
                                                                       by SHARAD
                                                         SHARAD GUPTA
                                                         GUPTA Date:
                                                                2026.07.18
                                                                       16:01:11 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                              8 of 42
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            1.Whether the workman approached this Tribunal with
            unclean hands, if so, its effect. OPM
    
            2. Terms of reference.
    
            3. Relief if any.
    
    
            Workman's Evidence
       18.In order to prove his entitlement, workman examined himself
            as WW1 and tendered his evidence by way of an affidavit
            Ex.WW1/A. He deposed on the lines of his claim. Workman
            has relied upon the documents as WW1/1 to Ex.WW1/18.
    
    
            Management's Evidence
       19.Management examined MW1 Sh. Raman, Depot Manager,
            East Vinod Nagar Depot, DTC by way of an affidavit Ex.
            MW1/A. He has has relied upon the documents as MW1/1 to
            Ex.MW1/7.
    
       20.Final arguments have been heard at length as advanced by
            both the parties. I have gone through the documents,
            pleadings as well as arguments of parties.
            Analysis and Discussion
            Issue No.1: Whether the workman approached this Tribunal
            with unclean hands, if so, its effect. OPM
                                                                     Digitally signed
                                                                     by SHARAD
                                                         SHARAD      GUPTA
                                                         GUPTA       Date:
                                                                     2026.07.18
                                                                     16:01:18 +0530
    
    
    
    
    Award                                                                9 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                       Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
       21.Before proceeding any further, it would be appropriate to
            refer to the settled proposition of law on the point.             In
            Arunima Baruah v. Union of India and Ors. [(2007) 6 SCC
            120] the question involved was how far and to what extent
            suppression of fact by way of non- disclosure would affect a
            person's right of access to justice which is a human right. It
            was opined:
            "12. It is trite law that so as to enable the court to refuse to
            exercise its discretionary jurisdiction suppression must be of
            material fact. What would be a material fact, suppression
            whereof would disentitle the appellant to obtain a
            discretionary relief, would depend upon the facts and
            circumstances of each case. Material fact would mean
            material for the purpose of determination of the lis, the
            logical corollary whereof would be that whether the same was
            material for grant or denial of the relief. If the fact suppressed
            is not material for determination of the lis between the
            parties, the court may not refuse to exercise its discretionary
            jurisdiction. It is also trite that a person invoking the
            discretionary jurisdiction of the court cannot be allowed to
            approach it with a pair of dirty hands. But even if the said dirt
            is removed and the hands become clean, whether the relief
            would still be denied is the question."
                                                                        Digitally signed
                                                                        by SHARAD
                                                       SHARAD           GUPTA
                                                       GUPTA            Date:
                                                                        2026.07.18
                                                                        16:01:24 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                10 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                      Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
       22. The ratio in S.J.S. Business Enterprises (P) Ltd. v. State of
            Bihar and Others (2004) 7 SCC 166 can also be adverted to
            on the aspect. It was also held in Manmohan Nanda Vs.
            United India Assurance Company Ltd. & Anr. 2021 SCC
            Online SC 1181 that what are material facts stated to be
            suppressed would depend upon facts and circumstances of
            each case. It was further held that when the opposite party is
            aware of the facts, there cannot be any suppression of the said
            facts.     Similarly in Nizam Sugar Factory Vs. Collector of
            Central Excise AP 2006 SCC Online SC 445 it was held that
            when facts are already in knowledge of the Authorities, it
            cannot be said that there is suppression of the said facts by the
            other side.
    
    
       23.Thus, it is well settled that what are material facts suppression
            whereof would disentitle a party from obtaining a
            discretionary    relief   are    dependent   upon    facts      and
            circumstances of every case. Furthermore, it is well settled
            that when facts stated to be suppressed are already in
            knowledge of the Authority concerned, there cannot be
            suppression of the said facts.
    
    
       24.Adverting to the facts of the present case, the onus to prove
            this issue was on the management.            During course of
            arguments, Ld. AR for management urged that the workman
                                                             Digitally signed
                                                                      by SHARAD
                                                          SHARAD GUPTA
                                                          GUPTA Date:
                                                                 2026.07.18
                                                                      16:01:31 +0530
    
    Award                                                                11 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                     Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
            was again appointed as contractual driver by the management
            on 05.03.2021 and this fact has been suppressed by the
            workman. In this context, perusal of record would show that
            the reference dated 06.01.2020 was received in this Court on
            07.03.2020 i.e. much prior to the workman having been re-
            engaged    as   contractual   driver   by   the     management.
            Furthermore, the workman was cross examined in this regard.
            In his cross-examination, WW-1 admitted that he had been
            reinstated by the management in the year 2021. Thus, the fact
            that the workman was re-engaged as driver on contractual
            basis pertains to the period after the industrial dispute was
            referred to this Tribunal.    Furthermore during his cross-
            examination, the workman admitted to the fact of his
            reinstatement by the management and there was no
            suppression of the said fact by him.         Furthermore, the
            management had filed its written statement on 01.10.2021 on
            which date, the workman was already re-engaged on
            05.03.2021 by the management as a contractual driver. The
            management failed to aver the said fact in its written
            statement. Be that as it may, the fact of reinstatement of the
            workman was within knowledge of the management even
            prior to filing of the written statement. The ratio in Nizam
            Factory (Supra) and Manmohan Nanda (Supra) are fully
            applicable to the facts of the present case.           When the
            management itself was having knowledge of re-engagement
                                                                        Digitally signed
                                                                        by SHARAD
                                                              SHARAD GUPTA
                                                              GUPTA Date:
                                                                     2026.07.18
                                                                        16:01:38 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                 12 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                    Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
            of the workman on contract basis w.e.f. 05.03.2021, the
            workman cannot be said to have suppressed the said fact
            especially when he admitted to the same in his cross-
            examination. Furthermore, the present reference is against the
            termination of services of the workman as well as for
            regularization of his services. Having regard to the scope of
            the present reference, mere non-pleading of fact of his re-
            engagement on contract basis by the workman, cannot be
            deemed to be suppression of a material fact. As such, the
            workman cannot be held guilty of having approached this
            Tribunal with unclean hands.
    
    
       25.Further contention of the management is that the medical
            examination of the workman was conducted on 28.12.2010
            vide Ex.MW1/4 where also he was found under height by 1
            cm and the workman took contractual engagement with the
            management despite the same on 28.09.2010. To my mind,
            this argument of the management is neither here nor there.
            There is no allegation against the workman that he withheld
            his medical examination report.        Rather, the medical
            examination of the workman was conducted at behest of the
            management and there is nothing on record to suggest that the
            management was either unaware of the said medical report or
            the workman took employment without the consent of the
            management. It is also unbelievable that the workman could                    Digitally
                                                                                          signed by
                                                                                          SHARAD
                                                                                 SHARAD   GUPTA
                                                                                 GUPTA    Date:
                                                                                          2026.07.18
                                                                                          16:01:45
                                                                                          +0530
    
    Award                                                             13 of 42
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            have forced the management to give employment to him if
            the same was not desired by the management. In Shri Krishan
            Vs. Kurushetra University 1976 AIR 376, it was held as
            follows:-
            In the instant case the admission form of the appellant must have
            been forwarded in December 1971 whereas the examination was to
            take place in April/May 1972. It is obvious that during this period
            of four to five months it was the duty of the University authorities
            to scrutinise the form in order to find out whether it was in order.
            Equally it was the duty of the Head of the Department of Law
            before submitting the form to the University to see that the form
            complied with all the requirements of law. If neither the Head of the
            Department nor the University authorities took care to scrutinise
            the admission form, then the question of the appellant committing a
            fraud did not arise. It is well settled that where a person on whom
            fraud is committed is in a position to discover the truth by due
            diligence, fraud is not proved. It was neither a case of suggestio
            falsi, or suppressio veri. The appellant never wrote to the
            University authorities that he had attended the prescribed number
            of lectures. There was ample time and opportunity for the
            University authorities to have found out the defect. In these
            circumstances, therefore, if the University authorities acquiesced in
            the infirmities which the admission form contained and allowed the
            appellant to appear in Part I Examination in April 1972, then by
            force of the University Statute the University had no power to
            withdraw the candidature of the appellant.                   Digitally signed
                                                                         by SHARAD
                                                            SHARAD       GUPTA
                                                                         Date:
                                                            GUPTA        2026.07.18
                                                                         16:01:51
                                                                         +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                  14 of 42
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       26.The ratio in Shri Krishan (Supra) is fully applicable to the
            facts of the present case.    It was for the management to
            consider the medical examination of the workman conducted
            on 28.12.2010 vide Ex. MW1/4.         Pertinently the medical
            examination was conducted at behest of the management
            itself and the management was aware of the same. Thus the
            management despite having knowledge of the fact that the
            height of the workman was 1 c.m. less than the required
            height chose to employ him on contract basis w.e.f.
            29.09.2010 and again re-engaged him on contract basis w.e.f.
            05.03.2021. Now, the management cannot say that the same
            was on account of any fraud or suppression by the workman.
            In the totality of circumstances, I am unable to agree with the
            submissions of Ld. AR for management that the workman
            concealed any material facts. Thus, this issue is decided
            against the management and in favour of the workman.
    
    
            Issue No.2: Terms of reference.
    
    
       27.The question to be decided is as to whether the termination of
            services of   the workman by        management is illegal/or
            unjustified and whether the claim of the workman for
            regularization of his services on the post     of Driver with
            retrospective effect from his initial date of joining into the
                                                                      Digitally signed
                                                                      by SHARAD
                                                         SHARAD       GUPTA
                                                                      Date:
                                                         GUPTA        2026.07.18
                                                                      16:01:59
                                                                      +0530
    
    Award                                                              15 of 42
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            employment with all consequential benefits thereof, either
            monetary or otherwise is legal and justified.
    
    
       28.I shall first deal with the Term of Reference regarding
            termination of service of the workman by the management.
            Adverting to the facts of the present case, it is undisputed that
            the workman was initially employed on contract basis w.e.f.
            29.09.2010 as Driver. It is also undisputed that the contract
            was renewed on multiple occasions till 27.01.2018. It is also
            undisputed that medical examination of the workman was
            again conducted on 09.01.2018 when his height was found to
            be less by 1 c.m. Pertinently the second medical examination
            of the workman was conducted at the time his case was
            considered for regularization of his services. It is the case of
            the management itself that thereafter a show cause notice
            dated 27.07.2018 Ex.WW1/11 was issued to the workman
            which was replied to by the workman vide Ex.WW1/12.
            Thereafter, he workman was summarily terminated from the
            post of Driver vide Ex.WW1/13 dated 07.08.2018. MW-1 in
            his cross-examination admitted that neither the workman was
            charge-sheeted nor any departmental inquiry was initiated
            against him before terminating his services.
    
    
       29.Management, has submitted that workman was contractual
            employee, and the non-renewal of his contract does not                            Digitally signed
                                                                                              by SHARAD
                                                                                     SHARAD GUPTA
                                                                                            Date:
                                                                                     GUPTA 2026.07.18
                                                                                              16:02:07
                                                                                              +0530
    
    
    
    
    Award                                                                 16 of 42
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            amount to illegal termination of his services. Instead, it falls
            under the ambit of Section 2(oo)(bb) of the Industrial
            Disputes Act, 1947, which excludes the termination of a
            contract worker upon the expiry of the contract period from
            the definition of retrenchment. It is a matter of record that no
            specific objection was taken by the management in its written
            statement that Section 2 (oo) (bb) is applicable to the facts of
            the present case. To my mind, now the management cannot be
            permitted to take such an objection.            However, since the
            objections has been raised during final arguments, I shall now
            proceed to deal with the same.
    
       30.Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the case of Jitender Kumar v.
            State (NCT of Delhi), 2019 SCC OnLine Del 10648 after relying
            upon the judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court in S.M. Nilajkar
            v. Telecom District Manager, (2003) 4 SCC 27 has observed the
            following with respect to the applicability of Section 2(oo)
            (bb) of I.D. Act. The relevant portion of the judgment is as
            follows:
    
                       14. In S.M. Nilajkar v. Telecom, District
                       Manager, Karnataka, (2003) 4 SCC 27 : AIR
                       2003 SC 3553, the Supreme Court held that
                       where the management pleads that clause (bb)
                       of Section 2(oo) of the ID Act is attracted; the
                       burden of proof would be on the management to
                       establish the same by way of evidence.
                       Paragraphs 13 and 14 of the said judgment read
                       as under:                                             Digitally signed
                                                                             by SHARAD
                                                                   SHARAD    GUPTA
                                                                             Date:
                                                                   GUPTA     2026.07.18
                                                                             16:02:14
                                                                             +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                    17 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                            Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
                       "13. The termination of service of a workman
                       engaged in a scheme or project may not amount
                       to retrenchment within the meaning of Sub-
                       clause (bb) subject to the following conditions
                       being satisfied:
                       (i) that the workman was employed in a project
                       or scheme of temporary duration;
                       (ii) the employment was on a contract, and not
                       as a daily-wager simplicitor, which provided
                       inter alia that the employment shall come to an
                       end on the expiry of the scheme or project; and
                       (iii) the employment came to an end
                       simultaneously with the termination of the
                       scheme or project and consistently with the
                       terms of the contract.
                       (iv) the workman ought to have been apprised
                       or made aware of the abovesaid terms by the
                       employer at the commencement of employment.
                       14. The engagement of a workman as a daily-
                       wager does not by itself amount to putting the
                       workman on notice that he was being engaged
                       in a scheme or project which was to last only for
                       a particular length of time or upto to occurrence
                       of some event, and therefore, the workman
                       ought to know that his employment was short-
                       lived. The contract of employment consciously
                       entered into by the workman with the employer
                       would result in a notice to the workman on the
                       date of the commencement of the employment
                       itself that his employment was short-lived and
                       as per the terms of the contract the same was
                       liable to termination on the expiry of the
                       contract and the scheme or project coming to an
                       end. The workman may not therefore complain
                       that by the act of employer his employment was
                       coming to an abrupt termination. To exclude the
                       termination of a scheme or project employee
                       from the definition of retrenchment it is for the                 Digitally signed
                                                                                         by SHARAD
                       employer to prove the abovesaid ingredients so      SHARAD GUPTA
                                                                                  Date:
                                                                           GUPTA 2026.07.18
                                                                                         16:02:21
                                                                                         +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                                     18 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                              Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
                       as to attract the applicability of Sub-clause (bb)
                       abovesaid. In the case at hand, the respondent-

    employer has failed in alleging and proving the
    ingredients of Sub-clause (bb), as stated
    hereinabove. All that has been proved is that the
    appellants were engaged as casual workers or
    daily-wagers in a project. For want of proof
    attracting applicability of Sub-clause (bb), it has
    to be held that the termination of the services of
    the appellants amounted to retrenchment.”

    15. As already noticed in the present case, the
    Respondents have failed to lead any evidence
    themselves and also failed to cross-examine any
    of the workmen. The question as far as the
    Labour Court is concerned, was only whether
    Section 25-F of the ID Act, stood attracted.
    Interestingly, in the written statement filed by
    the Respondents, no plea was taken that clause
    (bb) of Section 2(oo) of the ID Act was
    attracted. In any event, there was no evidence to
    support such a plea. The learned Single Judge,
    therefore, was in error in permitting the
    Respondents to raise the plea for the very first
    time in the High Court. Notwithstanding this, in
    the absence of any evidence to show that the
    termination was in terms of the contract, such a
    plea could not have been entertained and
    adjudicated upon.

    SPONSORED

    16. The fact remains that in these cases, the
    services of the Appellants were continued well
    beyond the period of 89 days, in terms of the
    initial appointment orders, which took effect
    from 1st December, 2001. Admittedly, they
    continued serving for over four years till the
    actual date of termination of their services, by
    the order dated 20th December, 2005.

    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    GUPTA

                                                                   SHARAD       Date:
                                                                   GUPTA        2026.07.18
                                                                                16:02:27
                                                                                +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                       19 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                     Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    31.In the present case, burden to prove the applicability of
    Section 2(oo)(bb) lies with the management. Workman was
    working as Driver continuously and uninterruptedly from his
    initial date of appointment i.e. 29.09.2010 till 06.09.2018 and
    thereafter, he was again engaged on contract basis w.e.f.
    05.03.2021 in the establishment of the management. The
    factum of service of the workman as detailed aforesaid has
    not been controverted or disputed by the management.
    Rather the management itself is relying upon the contracts
    between it and the workman as Ex.MW1/2 and Ex.MW1/3.
    Thus, the factual proposition which emerges is that the
    workman had worked with the management for nearly eight
    years initially and thereafter he was again in service of the
    management since 05.03.2021 onwards.

    32.It is evident that the workman was not employed in a project
    or scheme of temporary duration and workman was engaged
    in permanent and perennial work, and not in a temporary
    project. In the facts of the present case, MW-1 in his cross
    examination admitted that the workman was appointed by the
    management through appointment process including
    recruitment test and medical examination. It is evident that
    the work of Driver is of perennial nature. Thus, the material
    on record establishes the permanent nature of employment of
    the workman. Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:02:34 +0530

    Award 20 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    33.It is also not in dispute that the services of the workman
    were terminated summarily vide letter dated 06.09.2018
    Ex.WW1/15. Thus, contention of the management that the
    termination falls within the exception provided under Section
    2(oo)(bb)
    of the I.D. Act and does not constitute retrenchment
    is unsustainable and devoid of merit.

    34.The management has submitted that there is no need to
    conduct any departmental inquiry as the workman is
    admittedly a contractual worker. Management further
    submitted that the procedure of serving charge-sheet and
    conducting domestic/departmental inquiry is to be done only
    against the permanent and regular employees. The
    management also submitted that the contractual workers are
    not entitled for the procedure of domestic/departmental
    inquiry and their services are temporary in nature, thus can be
    terminated any time by the management. This Tribunal does
    not find consensus with this argument of the management.

    35.It is settled law that even a contractual appointment cannot be
    terminated without affording an opportunity of hearing, if
    founded on allegation and/or misconduct, which casts a
    stigma on the employee. The Supreme Court in K.C. Joshi v.
    Union of India and Others
    , (1985) 3 SCC 153, held that
    contract of service has to be in tune with Articles 14 and 16
    Digitally signed

    of the Constitution of India and if it is to be suggested that SHARAD
    by SHARAD
    GUPTA
    Date:

    GUPTA 2026.07.18
    16:02:40
    +0530

    Award 21 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    one can dismiss anyone without a semblance of inquiry or
    whisper of principles of natural justice, such an approach
    overlooks the well-settled principle that if State action affects
    livelihood or attaches stigma, punitive action can be taken
    only after an inquiry, in keeping with the principles of natural
    justice. The ratio in Nina Lath Gupta Vs. Union of India 2023 :

    DHC: 2944 can also be adverted on this aspect. Furthermore,
    the Division Bench of Hon’ble Delhi High Court in Baijnath
    Mandal v. UOI & Ors.
    , 2014 SCC OnLine Del 7204, after

    examining the judgments on stigmatic/punitive order held
    that there can be no doubt that when an employee has been
    granted a temporary status and the order of termination is
    stigmatic and punitive and not a discharge simplicitor, then a
    departmental inquiry has to precede the termination and an
    order without an inquiry, would be violative of principles of
    natural justice. This has severe consequences for the
    employee since it gets printed and submitted with the
    stigmatic declaration made against him, marring his future
    prospects of employment. The Hon’ble Court held that
    Respondent should have conducted a departmental enquiry
    before terminating the services to provide a chance to the
    Petitioner to meet the accusations of his misbehaviour, since
    termination was founded on his alleged misbehaviour.
    Division Bench quashed the termination order and directed
    the reinstatement of the Petitioner with consequential
    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

                                                                         2026.07.18
                                                                             16:02:46 +0530
    
    
    Award                                                               22 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                   Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    benefits. Similarly in Mangal Singh v. Chairman, National
    Research Development Corporation & Ors.
    , 2009 SCC On
    Line Del 2345, Petitioner was an appointee on contractual
    basis and his services were terminated by what he alleged was
    a punitive and stigmatic order, without a departmental
    enquiry. It was held that the order of termination was not a
    discharge simplicitor but was punitive in character and the
    petitioner could not have been terminated without any
    inquiry.

    36.The Hon’ble Supreme Court in MCD vs. Naresh Kumar &
    Ors., Writ Petition (C) No. 2989 of 2002 decided on
    27.08.2007, held the termination of the workmen as illegal
    and non-est on account of not following the principles of
    natural justice. The relevant portion of the judgment is as
    follows:

    “16. The counsel for the respondent workman
    has rightly relied on the judgment of the
    Supreme Court in the case of Praveen Kumar
    Jain (supra) where the circumstances were
    similar to the case in hand, the employee
    having indulged in a misconduct, his services
    were terminated without holding a
    departmental enquiry. After taking note of the
    facts of the case, the Supreme Court held as
    below:

    Para 4 : Unfortunately, for the appellant the
    impugned order of termination extracted
    above does not show that it was passed after Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    GUPTA
    SHARAD
    a departmental enquiry wherein the GUPTA
    Date:

                                                                                2026.07.18
                                                                                16:02:52
                                                                                +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                            23 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                      Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    disciplinary authority was satisfied about the
    said misconduct. On the contrary, it seeks to
    terminate the services of Respondent 1 by
    way of a simple discharge and not by way of
    any penalty. It is only during the proceedings
    before the Labour Court that a different stand
    was taken that it was by way of penalty. This
    stand was obviously taken by the appellant
    because the order of simplicities termination
    would have remained stillborn as Section 25F
    of the Industrial Disputes Act was admittedly
    not complied with by the appellant. With this
    difficulty staring in the face, a stand was
    taken that it was by way of penalty. If it was
    by way of penalty then at least a regular
    departmental enquiry had to be conducted. It
    was also required to be followed by the
    enquiry officer’s report resulting in adverse
    finding against Respondent 1 and its
    acceptance by the disciplinary authority.
    Nothing of this sort was done. There is
    neither the enquiry officer’s report holding
    Respondent 1 guilty of charge which in fact
    was never framed against him nor is there
    any acceptance of such a finding of the
    enquiry officer by the disciplinary authority.
    In fact the disciplinary authority has never
    held Respondent 1 guilty of any charge of
    misconduct….

    17. Same is the situation even in the present case. The
    petitioner MCD did not conduct any
    departmental enquiry prior to issuance of the
    termination order and consequently, the
    impugned order of termination is illegal and
    non est. As observed above, even a implicate
    discharge order, passed without following the Digitally signed
    due process of law is vocative of Section 25F SHARAD by SHARAD
    GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:02:59 +0530

    Award 24 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    of the Act. The respondent workman before
    being visited by such a grave civil
    consequence as termination of service was
    entitled to be afforded an opportunity of
    hearing followed by a departmental enquiry.
    There is force in the plea of the respondent
    workman that the petitioner MCD was well
    entitled to prove the misconduct even before
    the Labour Court. However, neither was such
    a plea taken in the written statement, nor was
    any other effort made by the petitioner MCD
    to seek an opportunity to prove the
    allegations leveled against the respondent
    workman.”Thus, in view of the settled position
    of law laid down by the Hon’ble Courts, the
    present termination order dated 06.09.2018
    passed by the management becomes void-ab-
    inito, illegal and non- est on account of non-
    compliance of principles of natural justice prior
    to terminating the services of the workman.

    37.In the facts of the present case, the termination of the
    workman was not a discharge simplicitor but was punitive in
    nature. Therefore, as per the position laid down by the
    Hon’ble Superior Courts in the aforementioned cases, the
    workman concerned despite being a contractual worker is
    entitled to the domestic/departmental inquiry. Merely because
    he was a contractual worker and not a regular and permanent
    employee of the management, the basic tenets of the law i.e.
    principles of natural justice can not go in vacuum and resume
    once he becomes a permanent employee. These basic tenets
    of the law, just like the industrial law, always remain and does Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    Date:

    GUPTA 2026.07.18
    16:03:14
    +0530

    Award 25 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    not discriminate between the part-time, seasonal muster-roll,
    daily wagers, contractual, regular, permanent or any other
    category of the workman for that matter. In the present case,
    it is an admitted position that no domestic/departmental
    inquiry was conducted before terminating the services of the
    workman concerned.

    38.In the facts of the present case, the management had no
    qualms about engaging the services of workman as driver
    w.e.f. 29.09.2010 till 06.09.2018 and thereafter w.e.f.
    05.03.2021 onwards despite the workman being 1 c.m. under
    height. In the facts of the present case, this Tribunal is of the
    opinion that the management has conducted itself arbitrarily
    and unjustly. The workman in the facts of the present case
    has been more sinned against than sinning. The management
    failed to provide any rational for appointing the workman
    initially as a contractual Driver, continuing him as Driver for
    years altogether and thereafter, re-hiring him as Driver again
    despite the fact that even as per the management the workman
    was found to be under height by 1 c.m. Furthermore, the
    management has not been able to show as to how the
    workman was unable to discharge his duties satisfactorily
    being under height by 1 c.m. Rather the act of management
    in hiring the workman initially as driver and thereafter re-

    hiring him as driver on contract basis would show that the Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    Date:

    GUPTA 2026.07.18
    16:03:31
    +0530

    Award 26 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    workman was able to discharge his duties to the satisfaction
    of the management. The act of the management in
    considering the height of the workman only at time he was
    considered for regularization reeks of arbitrariness and cannot
    be condoned. Thus, even if the assertions of management
    that the workman was under height by 1 c.m. are taken at face
    value, the same even as per the conduct of the management
    did not affect the discharge of his duties by the workman.
    Contention of the workman in his statement of claim as well
    as evidence affidavit was that one Sh. Vinod Kumar and
    Rajesh Kumar were regularized by the management in their
    jobs although their height was even shorter than the
    workman. The workman was not cross examined on this
    aspect and the assertions in the statement of claim in this
    regard were not specifically denied. The assertions of the
    workman in this regard have thus come on record unrebutted
    and unchallenged. This fact also goes against the action of
    the management in terminating the services of the workman.
    Thus, looked at from either angle, the management was not
    justified in summarily terminating the services of the
    workman.

    39.Furthermore, in the event of termination simplicitor, there
    is nothing on record that the management has complied with
    the provisions of Section 25 F of I.D. Act. Section 25 F
    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:03:38 +0530

    Award 27 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    mandates giving of one month notice or wages for period of
    notice, compensation and service of notice on appropriate
    Government prior to retrenchment of workman. There is
    nothing on record to suggest that the provisions of Section F
    were complied with. MW-1 rather admitted that no
    retrenchment compensation was provided to the workman.
    Thus, in view of the evidence and material placed on record,
    this Tribunal is of the considered opinion that the
    management has clearly committed unfair labour practice as
    mentioned in Fifth Schedule at Item No. 5(a), (b) and (f) of
    the I.D. Act by illegally terminating the services of the
    workman concerned by way of victimization and in colorable
    exercise of employer’s rights as his services were terminated
    merely on the whims and fancies of the management. This
    Tribunal further holds that the management did not follow the
    principles of natural justice as no domestic/departmental
    inquiry was conducted and his services were terminated w.e.f.
    06.09.2018 with undue haste without offering any
    opportunity of being heard.

    40.The AR for the workman have argued that once the
    termination is held to be illegal, the normal relief is to award
    reinstatement with continuity in service and full back wages.

    He placed reliance upon the judgment of Hon’ble Delhi High
    Court in Delhi Transport Corporation vs Ram Kumar And Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    GUPTA
    SHARAD Date:

                                                                                   GUPTA    2026.07.18
                                                                                            16:03:45
                                                                                            +0530
    
    
    Award                                                               28 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                    Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    Another, 1982 (44) FLR 356 wherein it was held that once the
    termination is held to be illegal and unjustified, the normal
    rule is to award reinstatement with full back wages and
    continuity in service except when the workman is gainfully
    employed coupled with receiving wages equivalent to his last
    drawn salary at the time of his illegal termination. The Para
    14 of the aforementioned judgment is as follows: below:

    “……The principle is that when an employee
    after protracted litigation with the employer
    succeeds in showing that the termination of his
    service was unjustified he would normally be
    entitled to reinstatement with full back wages
    expecting of course if it could be shown that he
    had been gainfully employed in the meanwhile.
    Thus full back wages would be the normal rule
    and the party objecting to it must establish the
    circumstances necessitating departure, See
    Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd. v. Its Mazdoor Sabha
    MANU/SC/0369/1979
    : (1980)ILLJ137SC.
    Thus if the employer wishes to show that
    workman gainfully employed he must establish
    and prove that fact; no presumption of
    being gainfully employed can be raised. It is
    not dispute that no evidence has been led or
    even shown on the record by the appellant
    which shows that workman was at any time in
    between employed elsewhere. In that view there
    would be no justification for denying him full
    back wages.
    The mere fact of long time having
    elapsed is certainly not a reason to deny him
    his normal relief of reinstatement because as
    said in Panitole Tea Estate case. “If his
    dismissal was wrongful then merely because Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    proceedings for adjudication of the industrial GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:03:53 +0530

    Award 29 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    disputes have taken a long time is by itself no
    reason for not directing his reinstatement if it is
    otherwise justified being in accordance with
    normal rule.”

    41. Further, reliance is placed upon case of Deepali
    Gundu Surwase vs Kranti Junior Adhyapak & Ors., Civil
    Appeal No.
    6767/2013 decided on 12.08.2013 wherein the
    Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that onus to prove that the
    gainful employment shifts to the management once the
    workman has pleaded that he/she is not gainfully employed
    elsewhere. The Para 33 of the aforementioned judgment is
    as follows:

    “33 (iii) Ordinarily, an employee or workman
    whose services are terminated and who is
    desirous of getting back wages is required to
    either plead or at least make a statement
    before the adjudicating authority or the Court
    of first instance that he/she was not gainfully
    employed or was employed on lesser wages.
    If the employer wants to avoid payment of full
    back wages, then it has to plead and also lead
    cogent evidence to prove that the
    employee/workman was gainfully employed
    and was getting wages equal to the wages
    he/she was drawing prior to the termination
    of service.

    This is so because it is settled law that the
    burden of proof of the existence of a particular
    fact lies on the person who makes a positive
    averments about its existence. It is always
    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    GUPTA
    SHARAD
    easier to prove a positive fact than to prove a GUPTA
    Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:04:00
    +0530

    Award 30 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    negative fact. Therefore, once the employee
    shows that he was not employed, the onus lies
    on the employer to specifically plead and
    prove that the employee was gainfully
    employed and was getting the same or
    substantially similar emoluments.”

    42. The workman has asserted that he remained
    unemployed from 07.08.2018 when his services were
    illegally terminated by the management till 05.03.2021
    when he was re-engaged as contractual driver by the
    management. The management did not cross-examine him
    on this aspect and neither placed any document to show that
    the workman was gainfully employed elsewhere for the
    said period. In the absence of any evidence that the
    workman is gainfully employed elsewhere, this Tribunal
    cannot assume the same. Moreover, no exceptional
    circumstances or situations were pleaded or proved by the
    management as to why this Tribunal should deviate from
    the normal rule of reinstatement and continuity in service
    along with full back wages once the termination is held to
    be illegal. In view of aforementioned reasons, this Tribunal
    holds that the workman concerned is entitled to
    reinstatement with all consequential benefits of continuity
    in service and full back wages.

    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD

                                               SHARAD       GUPTA
                                                            Date:
                                               GUPTA        2026.07.18
                                                            16:04:06
                                                            +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                            31 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                     Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    43. Now, I shall deal with the second term of reference
    regarding entitlement of workman to regularization of his
    services. Coming to the factual matrix of this case, the
    service particulars of the workman i.e. his date of joining,
    designation are not disputed, and the same were also
    admitted by the management’s witness during his cross-
    examination. It is an undisputed fact that the workman has
    worked with the management w.e.f. 29.09.2010 on the post
    of Driver. He has worked continuously and uninterruptedly
    till 07.08.2018 performing the permanent and perennial
    nature of the work of Driver. It is also the case of the
    workman that prior to his appointment a written test,
    driving test and medical examination was conducted by the
    management, which remained unrebutted. Despite the
    same, the management instead of regularizing him
    terminated his services. It would also be pertinent here to
    refer to the cross-examination of MW-1. MW-1 admitted
    that prior to the recruitment of drivers they are supposed to
    undergo a recruitment test. He admitted that the workman
    underwent medical examination on 27.12.2010 after being
    selected by DSSSB for the post of driver. MW-1 admitted
    that the nature of work and working hours of contract
    drivers and the regular drivers are identical. He asserted
    that the contract drivers are paid minimum wages as per the
    Minimum Wages Act. He admitted that regular/permanent
    Digitally
    signed by
    SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:04:12
    +0530

    Award 32 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    drivers are paid their salary in proper pay scale with all
    benefits. He denied that the management treated workman
    on contract basis to deny him status and salary of regular
    driver.

    44. There is nothing on record to show that work and
    conduct of the workman was not satisfactory except the
    issue of his height being less by 1 cm from the required
    height. The issue of the workman being under height has
    already been dealt in preceding parts of this Award. It is not
    the case of the management that the work of a Driver is not
    a permanent and perennial nature of work. Furthermore,
    the work of Driver is still continuing with the management,
    and the management has regular employees for the said
    work as is apparent from the cross-examination of MW-1.
    It is not the case of the management that the workman
    does not have the requisite qualifications for the post
    of Driver. The management has also not made a case that
    they did not have vacant posts of Driver at the time of
    initial appointment of the workman or at any point of time
    thereafter. Rather as per the own case of the management,
    the workman was considered for regularization meaning
    thereby that the management had vacant sanctioned posts of
    drivers available at the relevant time. The fact that the
    management considered the case of workman for
    Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:04:18 +0530

    Award 33 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    regularization implies the perennial and permanent nature
    of work of Driver in the Establishment of the management.
    No documentary evidence to the contrary has been
    produced before this Tribunal. This Tribunal has failed to
    understand as to why despite the permanent and perennial
    nature of work, fulfillment of requisite qualifications and
    availability of posts, having satisfactory work and conduct,
    the workman was appointed on contract basis in the first
    place. Even though the workman was stated to be engaged
    on contract basis, however, management failed to show as
    to why it had to resort to hiring workers as such despite it
    being a permanent and perennial nature of work.

    45. In the opinion of this Tribunal the management has
    indulged in unfair labour practice as enumerated in Section
    2(ra)
    read with item 10 of Fifth Schedule of the Industrial
    Disputes Act
    by engaging the workman as a contractual
    worker and continuing him for years as such. Further
    employing the workman for permanent and perennial nature
    of work of Driver and treating him as mere daily wager and
    to continue him as such was purportedly with the object of
    depriving the status of permanent workman and the same
    amounts of unfair labour practice as regularizing his
    services would mandate the management to pay the salary
    in regular pay scale to the workman. Reliance can be placed Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
    16:04:25 +0530

    Award 34 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    upon the judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court titled as
    Chief Conservator of Forest and Anr. Vs. Jagannath
    Maruti Kondhare
    , (1996) 2 SCC 293 and the judgment of
    Hon’ble Delhi High Court titled as Project Dir. Dep. Of
    Rural Development v. Its Workmen
    , 2019 SCC OnLine
    Del 7796, and Pradeep Rana & Ors. vs. NDMC (I.D. No.
    212/2016), decided on 11.08.2023.

    46. This Tribunal cannot further perpetuate the
    unfair labour practice as met out by the management and
    has to rectify the same, more so when the same is
    prohibited and punishable under Section 25T & 25U of the
    I.D. Act. As far as the power of this Tribunal to grant such a
    relief is concerned, the Constitution Bench of the Hon’ble
    Supreme Court in the case of Bidi, Bidi Leaves’ and
    Tobacco Merchants Association vs. The State of Bombay,
    Civil Appeals Nos. 415 to 418 of 1960 decided on
    15.11.1961 has held that the Tribunal has the wide powers
    to create new rights and liabilities upon the employer. The
    relevant portion of the judgment is reproduced below:

    “15. It is well settled that industrial
    adjudication under the provisions of the
    Industrial Disputes Act 14 of 1947 is given
    wide powers and jurisdiction to make
    appropriate awards in determining industrial
    disputes brought before it. An award made in SHARAD by
    Digitally signed
    SHARAD
    GUPTA
    an industrial adjudication may impose new GUPTA 16:04:34
    Date: 2026.07.18
    +0530

    Award 35 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    obligations on the employer in the interest of
    social justice and with a view to secure peace
    and harmony between the employer and his
    workmen and full co-operation between them.
    Such an award may even alter the terms of
    employment if it is thought fit and necessary to
    do so. In deciding industrial disputes the
    jurisdiction of the tribunal is not confined to
    the administration of justice in accordance
    with the law of contract. As Mukherjea, J., as
    he then was, has observed in Bharat Bank Ltd.,
    Delhi v. Employees of the Bharat Bank Ltd.,
    Delhi
    the tribunal can confer rights and
    privileges on either party which it considers
    reasonable and proper, though they may not be
    within the terms of any existing agreement. It
    has not merely to interpret or give effect to the
    contractual rights and obligations between
    them which it considers essential for keeping
    industrial peace”.
    Since the decision of the
    Federal Court in Western India Automobile
    Association v. Industrial Tribunal, Bombay
    it
    has been repeatedly held that the jurisdiction of
    Industrial Tribunals is much wider and can be
    reasonably exercised in deciding industrial
    disputes with the object of keeping industrial
    peace and progress (Vide: Rohtas Industries,
    Ltd. v. Brijnandan Pandey
    , Patna Electric
    Supply Co. Ltd.,Patna v. Patna Electric Supply
    Workers’ Union
    ).

    Digitally

    47. Furthermore, there are series of judgments from
    signed by
    SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    GUPTA Date:

    both the Hon’ble Supreme Court and the Hon’ble High 2026.07.18
    16:05:15
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    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    Court on the power of the Tribunal to grant relief in order
    to rectify unfair labour practices by the management.
    Judgments such as Chief Conservator of Forest and Anr.
    (Supra), Project Director (Supra), and ONGC v. Krishan
    Gopal, (2021) 18 SCC 707 establish that the power of
    Tribunal to grant relief of regularization pursuant to
    findings of unfair labour practices is not new but is well-

    established in a series of judgments.

    48.Management has also argued that the workman on his own
    accord entered into the contractual agreement and as per the
    contract the workman had agreed not to raise any claim for
    seniority, regularization of services on permanent basis with
    the management. This tribunal does not find any consensus
    with this argument of the management. Merely because the
    workman has “consented” to his appointment on the post of
    Driver , that does not give the license to the management to
    indulge in unfair labour practices. Given that the workman is
    a lowly paid employee and considering his socio-economic
    background, it is unreasonable to assume that he possesses
    equal bargaining power in determining the terms of his
    employment, including decisions related to his regularization.

    49.Reliance is placed upon the judgment of Hon’ble Supreme
    Court in Central Inland Water Transport Corpn. v. Brojo Nath
    Digitally signed
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    GUPTA Date: 2026.07.18
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    Ganguly, (1986) 3 SCC 156. Likewise, the Hon’ble Supreme
    Court in the case of Dhirendra Chamoli and Ors vs State of
    UP.
    , (1986)1 SCC 637 held that employees, especially those
    in low-wage categories, often have no choice but to accept
    employment under exploitative terms offered by the employer
    due to the prevailing conditions of unemployment and their
    socio- economic background. The fact that these employees
    accepted employment with full knowledge of the terms does
    not absolve the government or the employer from the
    mandate of equality enshrined in Article 14 of the
    Constitution, which also implies equal pay for work of equal
    value.
    Similarly, in the Officer Incharge Defence
    Standardization Cell vs Mukesh Kumar
    , 2013(4)SC T108
    (Delhi), the Hon’ble Delhi High Court emphasized that the
    employer cannot use contract stipulations as a tool of
    exploitation. Their unilateral imposition of oppressive and
    unreasonable conditions of service, which the workman has
    little choice but to accept, cannot be justified. Thus, the
    argument of the management in this regard is liable to be
    rejected.

    50. In “Deen Bandu Garg & Others Vs South Delhi Muncipal
    Corporation & Others
    , WP (C) 11693/2019″, decided on
    16.04.2025, Hon’ble High Court regularized the service of the
    workmen by holding that: Digitally signed
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    GUPTA Date:

    2026.07.18
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    Award 38 of 42
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    (i) the applicants have rendered continuous and uninterrupted
    service for the MCD for decades except, in some cases, for
    temporary summer vacation breaks,

    (ii) they are working as teachers, so that their work is
    perennial and their need continuous,

    (iii) they were appointed against sanctioned posts,

    (iv) they were appointed after a due process of selection,
    following an advertisement, which required the applicants to
    possess all essential qualifications for the post, and satisfy the
    age stipulations, and

    (v) they are directly employed under the MCD and are under
    their supervision.

    51.In the present case it stands proved that:

    a) Workman has rendered continuous and uninterrupted
    service for the DTC.

    b) Workman is performing the permanent and perennial
    nature of work as a Driver.

    c) There is nothing on record to indicate that the workman
    does not fulfill qualifications for the job

    e) Even as per MW-1 the work and conduct of the workman
    was satisfactory through out and he was fulfilling the
    requisite qualification of driver when he was initially
    appointed. Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    Date:

                                                          GUPTA       2026.07.18
                                                                      16:05:31
                                                                      +0530
    
    
    Award                                                                39 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                     Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    52.Workman gave sustained contribution to the management.

    There is no adverse remark against him. In view of
    undisputed service of the workman and the perennial nature
    of duty and as held in above authoritative judgments, the
    service of the workman is entitled to be regularized on the
    post of driver from the date of his initial appointment w.e.f.
    29.09.2010.

    53.So far as the question of consequential benefits is concerned,
    the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Dhirendra Chamoli & Ors. vs.
    State of U.P.
    , (1986) 1 SCC 637 held that workers performing
    identical duties must receive the same salary and service
    conditions.

    54.Similarly, the ratio in ” MCD Vs. Sultan Singh & Others W.P.
    (C ) No.7947/2010″ can be adverted to on the aspect where the
    similar relief was awarded to the workman therein, by the
    Central Administrative Tribunal and writ petition filed against
    the order was dismissed by Hon’ble High Court.
    Similarly in
    State of Punjab And Others Vs. Jagjit Singh And Others (2017) 1
    SCC 248 it was held that the principle of equal pay for equal
    work was applicable to temporary employees also on account
    of their performing same duties as discharged by regular
    employees against sanctioned posts. Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    Date:

                                                        GUPTA       2026.07.18
                                                                    16:05:38
                                                                    +0530
    
    
    
    Award                                                              40 of 42
     POIT No: 18/2020                                     Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC
    
    
    

    55.In view of above discussion, it is held that the termination of
    service of workman by the management is found to be illegal
    and unjustified. The workman is held entitled to continuity of
    service and full back wages from 06.09.2018 till 05.03.2021
    with all consequential benefits. It is further held that the
    workman is entitled to regularization in service on the post of
    Driver w.e.f. 29.09.2010 along with payment of entire
    difference of salary on the “Principle of Equal Pay for Equal
    Work” with all consequential benefits.

    Relief

    56.In view of the above findings, it is held that the termination of
    workman vide letter dated 06.09.2018 by the management
    was illegal. The workman Darshan Kumar S/o Sh. Sadhu
    Ram is entitled to continuity of service and full back wages
    from 06.09.2018 till 05.03.2021 with all consequential
    benefits. It is further held that the workman is entitled to
    regularization in service on the post of Driver w.e.f.
    29.09.2010 along with payment of entire difference of salary
    on the “Principle of Equal Pay for Equal Work” with all
    consequential benefits.

    57.Management is directed to implement the award within 60
    days failing which the management will be liable to pay an
    interest at the rate of 8% p.a. from the date of terms of Digitally signed
    by SHARAD
    SHARAD GUPTA
    Date:

    GUPTA 2026.07.18
    16:05:47
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    Award 41 of 42
    POIT No: 18/2020 Darshan Kumar Vs. DTC

    reference i.e. 06.01.2020 till its realization. The award is
    passed accordingly.

    58.Copy of the Award be given dasti to both the parties and be
    also sent to the appropriate Government for information and
    necessary action in terms of Section 55 Industrial Relations
    Code 2020.

    59.File be consigned to Record Room.

    
    
            Dictated and announced in the                      Digitally signed
                                                               by SHARAD
            open Court on 18th July, 2026       SHARAD         GUPTA
                                                GUPTA          Date:
                                                               2026.07.18
                                                               16:05:52 +0530
    
                                             ( SHARAD GUPTA )
    

    Presiding Officer Industrial Tribunal-II,
    Rouse Avenue District Court
    New Delhi.

    Award                                                                42 of 42
     



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