Crlas / 2017U / 2018Sharad Chandra @ … vs State Of Rajasthan on 27 May, 2026

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    Rajasthan High Court – Jodhpur

    Urn: Crlas / 2017U / 2018Sharad Chandra @ … vs State Of Rajasthan on 27 May, 2026

    Author: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

    Bench: Yogendra Kumar Purohit

    [2026:RJ-JD:26201-DB]
    
    
    
      HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR
                    D.B. Criminal Appeal (DB) No. 123/2018
    
    
    Asha Ram @ Ashumal, S/o Thewardas @ Thaumal,
    R/o Sant Asha Ram Bapu Ashram Motera Sabarmati,
    Dist Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
    
                                                                          ----Appellant
                                            Versus
    State, Through Pp
                                                                        ----Respondent
                                      Connected With
                     D.B. Criminal Appeal (Sb) No. 622/2018
    Miss Sanchita @ Shilpi D/o Mahendra Kumar Gupta,
    R/o 35-Molshri Vihar, Vip Road,
    Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
    
                                                                          ----Appellant
                                            Versus
    State Of Rajasthan
                                                                        ----Respondent
                     D.B. Criminal Appeal (Sb) No. 665/2018
    Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra
                                                                          ----Appellant
                                            Versus
    State Of Rajasthan
                                                                        ----Respondent
    
    
    For Appellant(s)              :    Appeal No. 123/2018
                                       Mr. Devadatt Kamat, Sr. Advocate
                                       assisted by Mr. Rajesh Inamdar
                                       Mr. Nishant Bora
                                       Mr. Yashpal Rajpurohit
                                       Ms. Shivangi Pathak
                                       Mr. Bharat Sain
                                       Mr. Rewant Solanki,
                                       Mr. Arpit Linda,
                                       Mr. JR Lohia
                                       Mr. Shashwat Anand
                                       for appellant Asha Ram
    
                                       Appeal No. 665/2018
                                       Mr. Vineet Jain, Sr. Advocate
                                       assisted by Mr Praveen Vyas
                                       for appellant Sharad Chandra
    
                                       Appeal No. 622/2018
    
    
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                                       Mr. Devadatt Kamat, Sr. Advocate
                                       assisted by Mr. Deepak Menaria
                                       Mr. Yashpal Rajpurohit
                                       for appellant Shilpi
    
    
    For Respondent(s)             :    Mr. Deepak Choudhary, AAG assisted by
                                       Mr. K.S. Kumpawat
    
                                       Mr. P.C. Solanki with Ms. Muskan Moondra
                                       Mr. Shubham Dave
                                       Mr. Vipul Soni
                                       Ms. Lavisha Soni
                                       Mr. Kautubh Dave
                                       for complainant.
    
    
                    HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ARUN MONGA

    HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT

    Judgment

    SPONSORED

    Reserved on : 20.04.2026
    Pronounced on : 27.05.2026
    Reportable
    Per Arun Monga, J
    D.B. Criminal Appeal (DB) No. 123/2018

    PRELUDE:

    1. Before this Court, vide the instant appeal, stands a convict, in the

    twilight of his life, at 86 years of age, reverentially addressed as ‘Bapu’

    by his devoted followers, many of whom regard him as a self-proclaimed

    godman and spiritual guide. Yet, behind that aura of cult faith lie the

    impugned findings of the learned Trial Court, which led to his conviction

    for the rape of a minor girl (the victim) and sentenced for remainder of

    his life. He challenges the conviction and sentence imposed upon him,

    asserting, inter alia, that he was framed by extortionists. He asserts that

    the hand of fate which brought him before justice was not divine

    reckoning, but a conspiracy of greed. The hands of justice have been

    guided not by truth, but by blackmailers. He is not a predator, but a pawn.

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    1.1. While the appellant seeks freedom from sentence and restoration of

    his honour, on the other hand, the victim, a child then, also stands before

    this Court and opposes the appeal stating that she was robbed of her

    honour for the rest of her life. Like her parents, she had placed complete

    trust and devotion in the appellant as his disciple, thus alleging a graver

    charge against the appellant that he robbed her innocence and ravaged

    her honour irreparably. Born on 4th of July, America’s Independence Day1,

    the child who came into this world on a day symbolic of freedom, dignity,

    and liberty, states that she was stripped of all three on the very night of

    15th August, 2013, when India rejoiced in its own freedom. The victim’s

    case is that for the Appellant imprisonment is only physical, but for her,

    the sentence imposed upon her soul is lifelong. No Court can grant her

    release, is what she says.

    INTRODUCTORY:

    2. Two more appeals, viz. 622/2018 and 665/2018, of the co-convicts

    are also clubbed with the above appeal filed by the prime

    accused/convict. All three appeals are directed against the same

    impugned judgment/order dated 25.04.2018 passed by the learned

    Judge, Special Court, POCSO Act Cases, Jodhpur and are being disposed

    of by this common judgment.

    The breakup of the three appeals vis-a-vis conviction under various penal

    provisions and corresponding sentences awarded to the three appellants

    vide the impugned judgment/order, is as under:

    A. Appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal:

    (i) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 370(4) INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, he is punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term of 10

    years along with a fine of Rupees One lac. In the event of non-payment

    1
    Her date birth is stated to be 04.07.1997, though same disputed by appellant, but all of that is discussed in
    later part of judgment

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    of the fine, the accused shall undergo an additional rigorous

    imprisonment for one year.

    (ii) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 342 INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, he is punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one

    year along with a fine of Rs. 1000. In the event of non-payment of the

    fine, the accused shall undergo an additional rigorous imprisonment for

    one month.

    (iii) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 506 INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, he is punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one

    year along with a fine of Rs. 1000. In the event of non-payment of the

    fine, the accused shall undergo an additional rigorous imprisonment for

    one month.

    (iv) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 376(2)(f) INDIAN PENAL CODE – For

    this offence, he is punished with life imprisonment which shall be for

    the remainder of his natural life along with a fine of Rupees One Lac.

    In the event of non-payment of the fine, the accused shall undergo an

    additional rigorous imprisonment for one year.

    (v) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 376-D INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, he is punished with life imprisonment which shall be for the

    remainder of his natural life along with a fine of Rupees One Lac. In the

    event of non-payment of the fine, the accused shall undergo an

    additional rigorous imprisonment for one year.

    (vi) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 23 OF JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE &

    PROTECTION OF CHILDREN) ACT, 2000 – For this offence, he is

    punished with a simple imprisonment for a term of six months.

    (vii). Asha Ram was also convicted for offence under Section 120B,

    354A and 509 of IPC, Section 7/8 and 5(g)/6 of the Protection of

    Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (for short POCSO Act) but no

    sentence for those offences was awarded by the learned Trial Court as

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    per Section 42 of POCSO Act (alternate punishment provision) and for

    offence under Section 120B read with other Sections.

    B. Appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra:

    (i) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 370(4) INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, he is punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term of 10

    years along with a fine of Rupees One Lac. In the event of non-payment

    of the fine, the accused shall undergo an additional rigorous

    imprisonment for one year.

    (ii) OFFENCE UNDER SECTION 376-D INDIAN PENAL CODE – For this

    offence, each accused is punished with rigorous imprisonment for a

    term of 20 years along with a fine of Rs. 50,000/-. In the event of non-

    payment of the fine, each accused shall undergo an additional rigorous

    imprisonment for two years.

    (iii) Both the appellants were also convicted for offences under Section

    5(g)/6 and Section 7/8 of the POCSO Act but no sentence for those

    offences was awarded by the learned Trial Court as per Section 42 of

    POCSO Act.

    FACTS

    3. Briefly stated, facts are as under:

    3.1. The prosecution case arises out of a Tehrir (written complaint)

    submitted by the complainant, “Su,” at 2:45 a.m. on 20.08.2013 at Police

    Station Kamla Market, Central District, Delhi. On the basis of this

    complaint, FIR No. 0/2013 was registered for offences under Sections

    342, 376, 354-A, 506, 509 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code;

    Sections 23/26- of the Juvenile Justice Act; and Section 8 of the

    Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO).

    3.2. According to the Tehrir, the complainant was a resident student of

    Class XII at Sant Shri Asha Ram Gurukul, Parasia Road, Chhindwara,

    Madhya Pradesh. She resided with her family–her father, Shri Karamveer

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    Singh; her mother, Smt. Sunita Singh; her elder brother, Shri Somveer

    Singh; and her younger brother, Shri Yashveer Singh. On 06.08.2013,

    she suddenly began experiencing giddiness, whereupon the Hostel

    Warden, Shilpi, informed her that she was under the influence of ghosts

    or evil spirits and stated that the matter would be discussed with Asha

    Ram.

    3.3. On 07.08.2013, Shilpi telephoned the complainant’s residence and

    informed her family that she was unwell and should be taken to a major

    city for treatment. Between 10:00 and 11:00 p.m. on 08.08.2013, her

    parents reached the Gurukul and spoke with her over the telephone. On

    the morning of 09.08.2013, they came to the Girls’ Hostel to take her

    home and met Shilpi in person. Shilpi reiterated that the complainant was

    under the influence of evil spirits, stated that Asha Ram had been

    apprised of the matter and had called for her, and advised the parents to

    take her immediately to the place where Asha Ram was present.

    3.4. On 09.08.2013, the complainant returned to her house at

    Shahjahanpur. Her father thereafter inquired about Asha Ram’s

    whereabouts and learnt that he was scheduled to be in Delhi on

    12.08.2013. The family reached Delhi on 13.08.2013, only to be informed

    that Asha Ram had proceeded to Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Shiva, who was

    then serving Asha Ram, instructed them to come to Jodhpur immediately.

    3.5. Upon reaching near Manai village, adjacent to Jodhpur, where Asha

    Ram was staying, they found the gate of the Ashram closed and disciples

    (sadhaks) standing outside. The complainant’s father contacted Shiva by

    telephone, following which the gate was opened and they were allowed

    entry. Inside, Asha Ram was seated on a chair delivering spiritual

    discourses. The complainant and her parents also sat there. After some

    time, Asha Ram inquired from where they had come. The complainant

    stated that she was studying in a Gurukul. Asha Ram then declared that

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    he would exorcise her of evil spirits and spoke further about spirituality

    and matters concerning her future.

    3.6. Subsequently, Asha Ram sent one of his sevaks to summon the

    complainant and her parents to meet him. He showed them his cottage,

    gave them prasad, and arranged accommodation for their stay. They

    stayed in the room so provided. On 15.08.2013, even food was sent to

    them. Later, Asha Ram conducted a satsang (spiritual discourse).

    3.7. On the night of 15.08.2013, Asha Ram summoned the complainant

    and her parents to his cottage. He first spoke with her mother and father

    and then directed them to sit near the gate, engage in japa (silent

    chanting of God’s name) and meditation, and leave after some time. He

    asked the complainant to sit behind his kutiya on a platform (chabutara)

    and offered her milk. After she consumed it, he asked her parents to

    leave. They initially did not comply; subsequently, the father went away,

    while the mother continued to sit nearby.

    3.8. Asha Ram then entered his room through the front door. After some

    time, he switched off the lights and called the complainant inside through

    the back door. Once inside, he asked her to sit near him and engaged her

    in conversation. He then sent her to check what her parents were doing.

    Upon her return, she informed him that her mother was still seated

    outside and her father had left. At that point, he locked the room and

    began molesting her.

    3.9. When she started crying, he threatened to have her parents killed.

    By intimidating and frightening her, he silenced her, kissed her, touched

    her inappropriately, and ran his hands over her entire body. He forcibly

    kissed her repeatedly and compelled her to perform a sexual act. He

    attempted to remove her clothes forcibly. When she cried and screamed,

    he covered her mouth. The molestation allegedly continued for

    approximately one to one and a half hours. Two or three of Asha Ram’s

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    sevaks were present outside the room during this time. Before she left,

    he threatened her with dire consequences if she disclosed the incident to

    anyone.

    3.10. Thereafter, she returned with her mother to the room allotted to

    them. On 16.08.2013, Asha Ram left for Delhi, and the complainant and

    her family returned home. Before departing, Asha Ram instructed her

    father to send her to Ahmedabad for an anushthan (religious observance)

    for seven to eight days, after which she would be sent back to

    Chhindwara. However, following the incident, she did not go to

    Ahmedabad. Upon reaching home, she narrated the entire episode to her

    parents and sought legal action against Asha Ram, the warden Shilpi, and

    Shiva.

    3.11. According to the prosecution, upon receipt of the Tehrir report

    dated 20.08.2013 at Police Station Kamla Market, Delhi, ASI Pushpalata

    immediately arranged for the complainant’s medical examination at Lok

    Nayak Hospital. Thereafter, the Tehrir was placed before the Duty Officer

    at the police station, on the basis of which FIR No. 0/2013 dated

    20.08.2013 was formally registered. The complainant was subsequently

    provided counselling through an NGO activist, and her statement under

    Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was duly recorded on

    20.08.2013 before the competent Magistrate.

    3.12. As the alleged incident had occurred within the territorial

    jurisdiction of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, the complainant, accompanied by her

    parents and a police team, was sent to Jodhpur for further proceedings.

    On 21.08.2013 at 6:15 p.m., FIR No. 122 was registered at Police Station

    Women (West), Jodhpur, under Sections 342, 376, 354-A, 506, and 509

    read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code; Sections 23 and 26 of the

    Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act; and Section 8 of

    the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012. The

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    investigation of the case was entrusted to the Assistant Police

    Commissioner (West), Jodhpur.

    3.13. After investigation, charge-sheet dated 06.11.2013 was filed

    against accused Asha Ram, under Sections 370(4), 342, 354-A,

    376(2)(f), 376-D, 506, 509 read with Section 34, and 120-B of the Indian

    Penal Code; Sections 23 and 26 of the Juvenile Justice Act; and Sections

    5(f)/6, 5(g)/6, and 8 of the POCSO Act, 2012.

    3.14. As against accused Ms. Sanchita alias Shilpi and Sharad Chandra

    @ Sharat Chandra, the charge-sheet filed was for offences punishable

    under Sections 342, 354-A, 370(4), 376(2)(f), 376-D, 506, 509 read with

    Section 34, 109, and 120-B of the Indian Penal Code; Sections 23 and 26

    of the Juvenile Justice Act; and Sections 5(f)/6, 5(g)/6, and 7/8 read with

    Section 17 of the POCSO Act, 2012.

    3.15. Similarly, the charge-sheet filed against accused Prakash and Shiva

    alias Sevarama Hethvadia for offences under Sections 370(4), 342, 354-

    A, 376(2)(f), 376D, 506, 509 read with Section 34, 109 and 120-B of the

    Indian Penal Code; and Sections 5(f)/6, 5(g)/6 and 7/8 read with Section

    17 of the POCSO Act, 2012.

    3.16. After charge-sheet was filed before the learned District & Sessions

    Judge, Jodhpur District, Jodhpur, the case was transferred to the POCSO

    Court, Jodhpur.

    3.17. Learned Trial Court after hearing the arguments on charge vide his

    order dated 07.02.2014 framed charges against accused Asha Ram alias

    Ashumal for the offences punishable under Sections 370 (4), 342, 354A,

    376(2)(f), 376D, 506, 509, 120B of Indian Penal Code, Section 23 of

    Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act and Section 5(f)/6,

    5(g)/6 and 7/8 of POCSO Act, 2012; against accused persons Ms.

    Sanchita alias Shilpi and Sharad Chandra alias Sharat Chandra for the

    offences punishable under Sections 342/34, 354A/34, 370(4), 376(2)(f),

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    read with Sections 120B/109, 376D, 506/34, 509/34, and Section

    109/120B of Indian Penal Code and Section 23 of Juvenile Justice (Care

    and Protection of Children) Act and Sections 5(f)/6 read with Sections 17,

    5(g)/6, 7/8 read with Section 17 of Protection of Children from Sexual

    Offences Act, 2012 and against accused persons Prakash and Shiva alias

    Sevaram for the offences punishable under Sections 370 (4), 342/34,

    354-A/34, 376(2) (f), read with Sections 120-B and 109, 376-D, 506/34,

    509/34, 109/120-B of Indian Penal Code and Section 5(f)/6, 5(g)/6, 7/8

    read with Section 17 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,

    2012. However, accused persons Asha Ram, Shilpi and Sharad Chandra

    were discharged from the penal provisions of Section 26 of Juvenile

    Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act.

    3.18. All the accused persons were explained separately the charges

    framed against them. After hearing and understanding the charges

    framed, all the accused persons denied the charges (pleaded not guilty)

    and claimed trial.

    EVIDENCE

    3.19. From the side of prosecution, the statements of following witnesses

    were recorded:

    Witness No. & Category Particulars of Testimony
    Name
    PW-1: Police Witness ASI who recorded the victim’s initial
    Pushplata complaint in Delhi, facilitated her medical
    examination, and prepared
    documentation for her Section 164
    statement.

    PW-2: Police Witness Duty Officer at Police Station Kamla
    Nirpal Singh Market who registered the initial FIR No.
    0/13 upon receiving the ruqa from ASI
    Pushpalata.

    PW-3: Medical Gynaecologist at Lok Nayak Hospital who
    Dr. Shailja Witness conducted the medical examination of the
    victim and proved the clinical notes and
    medical certificate.

    PW-4: Medical Medical Officer who conducted the initial
    Dr. RajenderSingh Witness physical examination of the victim and
    prepared her MLC sheet.

    PW-5: Victim & Eye The prosecutrix who testified about being
    SU Witness misled into believing she was possessed

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    and provided a detailed account of the
    sexual assault by AsaramAsha Ram inside
    his kutiya.

    PW-6: Material Owner of the farmhouse in Manai;

    Ranjeet Witness confirmed building the kutiya for Asha
    Ram and that the victim’s family stayed in
    an upstairs room from 14 to 16 August
    2013.

    PW-7: Material Representative of an NGO who conducted
    Kiran Jha Thakur Witness counselling for the minor victim at the
    police station on 20 August 2013.

    PW-8:                   Medical              Member of the Medical Board who
    Dr. Shubhkaran          Witness              conducted the medical examination of the
                                                 accused, Asaram, on 1 September 2013.
    PW-9:                   Medical              Member of the Medical Board who
    Dr. M. K. Chhabra       Witness              corroborated the testimony of PW-8
                                                 regarding the examination of the accused
                                                 at the R.A.C. Guest House.
    PW-10:                  Medical              Professor of Medicine and member of the
    Dr. Arvind Jain         Witness              Medical Board that conducted the physical
                                                 examination of Asaram.
    PW-11 Kripal Singh      Material             LIC agent and long-time follower who
                            Witness              corroborated that the victim's father was
                                                 worried about his daughter being
                                                 "possessed by evil spirits" in August
                                                 2013.
    PW-12:                  Relative             Mother of the victim; testified about the
    Sunita Singh            Witness              phone calls regarding her daughter's
                                                 illness, the trip to Jodhpur, and the
                                                 daughter's subsequent disclosure of
                                                 assault.
    PW-13:                  Police Witness       Deposed regarding the production of two
    Omaram                                       mobile phones (Samsung and Reliance)
                                                 by     Uday     Chhangani       before    the
                                                 investigating officer.
    PW-14:                  Police Witness       Witnessed the production of a Carbon
    RameshchandraKhatik                          Company mobile phone on behalf of Uday
                                                 on 27 September 2013.
    PW-15:                  Police Witness       Malkhana In-charge who managed the
    Kushala Ram Jaat                             storage of seized mobiles and CDs
                                                 containing scenes of "exorcism" and
                                                 activities involving girls at the ashram.
    PW-16:                  Police Witness       Carried evidence to the FSL in Jaipur and
    Sandeep Kumar Jaat                           witnessed the recovery of a Blackberry
                                                 phone from the accused Shilpi.
    PW-17:                  Police Witness       Handled the official forwarding letters and
    Prema Ram Jatt                               acknowledgment         receipts    for    the
                                                 evidence sent to FSL Jaipur.
    PW-18:                  Police Witness       Procured and furnished the Call Detail
    Jitendra        Singh                        Records (CDRs) for the mobile numbers of
    Rajpoot                                      the accused persons and the complainant.
    PW-19:                  Material             Former close associate of Asaram who
    Rahul K. Sachan         Witness              alleged      witnessing       past     sexual
                                                 misconduct by the accused and the use of
                                                 intoxicants.
    PW-20:                  Educational          Principal who proved the victim's date of
    Arvind Vajpeyi          Witness              birth as 04.07.1997 and reported
                                                 receiving threats and a live cartridge for
                                                 providing school records.
    PW-21:                  Relative             Father of the victim; detailed the family's
    Karamvir Singh          Witness              devotion, the journey for "spiritual
                                                 treatment," and the events of the night
                                                 the assault occurred.
    
    
    
    
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    PW-22:                  Material             Son of the farmhouse owner; confirmed
    Ramkishor @ Kishor      Witness              the family stayed in their house and
                                                 attended the satsang on 15 August 2013.
    PW-23:                  Material             Former manager who alleged Asaram
    Mahendra Singh          Witness              habitually targeted young girls by
                                                 discouraging their education to maintain
                                                 religious influence.
    PW-24:                  Hostile Witness      A former worker who resiled from his
    Gian Singh Bhadoria                          police statement, denying he purchased
                                                 or provided a Reliance SIM card to
                                                 Asaram in 2009.
    PW-25:                  Police Witness       Collected the victim's original admission
    Pukhdas                                      and age records from her school in
                                                 Shahjahanpur.
    PW-26:                  Police Witness       Conducted the videography of the victim's
    Mahender Singh                               statement and the crime scene at the
                                                 Manai farmhouse.
    PW-27 Satya Prakash     Police Witness       Witness to the arrest of Asaram and the
                                                 preparation of the site plan and spot
                                                 verification memos at Village Manai.
    PW-28:                  Police Witness       Assisted in seizing visitor registers, bank
    Motiram                                      records, and appointment letters from the
                                                 Chhindwara Ashram.
    PW-29:                  Police Witness       Witness to the arrests of Shiva, Prakash,
    Papparam                                     and Sharad Chandra; also witnessed the
                                                 transcription-- of the crime scene
                                                 videography.
    PW-30:                  Police Witness       SHO who assisted in the spot inspection
    Ramdev                                       identified by Asaram and the seizure of
                                                 records from the Chhindwara Gurukul
                                                 staff.
    PW-31:                  Hostile Witness      A follower who retracted his statement
    Devender Pawar                               that a mobile SIM he purchased was used
                                                 by the accused Shilpi.
    PW-32:                  Hostile Witness      Denied providing a SIM at Asaram's
    Nitin Bhalla                                 instance, claiming he gave it to another
                                                 person during a satsang in Delhi.
    PW-33:                  Ashram Staff         Principal     of   Chhindwara       Gurukul;
    Vivek Sharma                                 produced      the    victim's    Class    XII
                                                 attendance       records     and     transfer
                                                 certificates.
    PW-34:                  Ashram Staff         Warden of the Boys' Hostel; produced
    Sushil                                       gate registers and confirmed the father's
                                                 visit to the Gurukul on 8 August 2013.
    PW-36:                  Ashram Staff         Warden of the Girls' Hostel; testified that
    Neha Totlani                                 no illness was recorded for the victim and
                                                 spoke about the victim's conduct.
    PW-37:                  Ashram Staff         Ashram       volunteer     who      provided
    Shri Ram Kashyap                             documents related to the administration
                                                 and bank operations, including Shilpi's
                                                 appointment letter.
    PW-38:                  Investigation &      Reader at the DCP office who served
    Babu Singh              Law                  summons to the accused and obtained
                            Enforcement          passport details of the accused. He also
                                                 recorded       witness     statements      in
                                                 Ahmedabad and collected registration and
                                                 Income Tax records related to the
                                                 Ashram.
    PW-39:                  Material             A former Sewadar who testified about
    Ajay Kumar              Witness (Prior       historical mismanagement and alleged
                            Misconduct)          sexual misconduct involving the accused
                                                 and Narayan Sai dating back to 1995. He
                                                 claimed to have seen girls being taken to
                                                 the "Sant Kutiya" late at night and was
    
    
    
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                                                 later assaulted for inquiring into these
                                                 activities.
    PW-40:                  Official Record      A Sewadar at the Ahmedabad Ashram
    Uday Sangani            &     Document       who produced various records for the
                            Witness              police, including the Hostel Manual (Ex. P-
                                                 81), employee lists, and mobile phones
                                                 (Articles 4, 5, and 6) belonging to the
                                                 accused persons.
    PW-41:                  Investigation        The SHO who registered the FIR (Ex. P-
    Mukta Parik             &Law                 106) and conducted significant portions of
                            Enforcement          the investigation in Chhindwara. She
                                                 seized school and hostel records, proved
                                                 the arrest of the accused, and ultimately
                                                 filed the charge-sheet after concluding a
                                                 criminal conspiracy existed.
    PW-42:                  Material             An Ashram member since 1985 who
    Sudha Ben               Witness              testified that she never witnessed any
                            (Hostile)            misconduct. She was declared hostile by
                                                 the prosecution after she resiled from her
                                                 previous police statement.
    PW-43:                  Investigation &      The Primary Investigating Officer who
    ACP Chanchal Mishra     Law                  oversaw the entire case. She recorded
                            Enforcement          statements, conducted site inspections at
                            (I.O.)               Manai, and coordinated the collection of
                                                 medical,      academic,    and     forensic
                                                 evidence. She proved the conspiracy
                                                 narrative and the accused's role in the
                                                 assault.
    PW-44:                  Technical    &       The      Nodal    Officer    for   Reliance
    Vinay Kumar             Nodal Evidence       Communication who provided Call Detail
                                                 Records (CDRs) (Ex. P-141 to P-148) for
                                                 the accused and the victim's family. He
                                                 verified the authenticity and integrity of
                                                 the digital communication records used as
                                                 evidence.
    
    
    
    

    3.20. The prosecution in support of its case submitted documents Ex.P-

    1 to Ex.P-161 and also produced 30 articles, which are as under:

    PROSECUTION DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE (EXHIBITS P-1 TO P-161)

    Witness/Person who
    Exhibit Date of
    Description of Document Proved/Produced the
    No. Exhibition
    Exhibit
    PW-1 (Pushplata) / PW-3
    Ex P-1 to Victim’s Medical/Injury Reports
    19.03.14 (Dr. Shailja) / PW-4 (Dr.
    Ex P-3 (Lok Nayak Hospital)
    Rajender Singh)
    PW-1 (Pushplata) / PW-5
    Ex P-4 Written Complaint by Victim 19.03.14
    (Victim)
    Ex P-5 to Statements and Applications PW-1 (Pushplata) / PW-43
    19.03.14
    Ex P-7 u/s 164 Cr.P.C. (Chanchal Mishra)
    Ex P-8A
    Police Station Diary Entries and PW-1 (Pushplata) / PW-35
    to Ex P- 19.03.14
    Information Letters (Nitin Deve)
    10A
    Ex P-11
    to Ex P- Chak–FIR (Dated 20.08.2013) 20.03.14 PW-2 (Nirpal Singh)
    11B
    Clinical Note/Medical Report
    Ex P-12 04.04.14 PW-4 (Dr. Rajender Singh)
    (Lok Nayak Hospital)

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    Ex P-13 PW-5 (Victim) / PW-27
    Map of Incident Place and Site
    to Ex P- 15.04.14 (Satya Prakash) / PW-41
    Inspection Memos
    14 (Mukta Parik) / PW-43
    Victim’s Letter to Police 15.04.15 PW-5 (Victim) / PW-41
    Ex P-15
    Commissioner, Jodhpur [sic] (Mukta Parik)
    Ex P-16
    Photographs of Ashram, PW-5 / PW-26 (Mahendra
    to Ex P- 21.04.14
    Cottage, and Incident Scene Singh) / PW-41 / PW-43
    32
    Ex P-33 PW-8 (Dr. Shubhkaran) /
    Medical Board Orders (MDM
    to Ex P- 07.02.14 PW-9 (Dr. M.K. Chhabra) /
    Hospital)
    33A PW-10 (Dr. Arvind Jain)
    Accused Asaram Medical Board PW-8 / PW-9 / PW-10 / PW-

    Ex P-34                                        18.07.14
              Report                                            43
              Memo of Dual Sim Mobiles                          PW-13 (Oma Rao) / PW-40
    Ex P-35                                        26.04.14
              (Produced by Uday Sangani)                        (Udai)
                                                                PW-14 (Ramesh Chandra) /
              Memo of Reliance         Mobile,
    Ex P-36                                        01.10.14     PW-30 (Ramdev) / PW-40 /
              Battery, and SIM
                                                                PW-43
    Ex P-37
             Malkhana   Register    Entries                     PW-15 (Khusalram) / PW-
    to Ex P-                                       01.10.14
             (Women's Police Station)                           41 / PW-43
    37/3
              Memo of Download --(Accused
    Ex P-38                                        01.10.14     PW-30 (Ramdev) / PW-43
              Shiva)
                                                                PW-15 (Khusalram) / PW-
    Ex P-39   FSL Acknowledgement/Receipt          01.10.14     16 (Sandeep Kumar) / PW-
                                                                17 (Prema Rao)
                                                                PW-15 (Khusalram) / PW-
    Ex P-40   FSL Report (Dated 20.09.2013)        01.10.14
                                                                43
    Ex P-41   Memo of Investigation DVD            01.10.14     PW-15 / PW-30
                                                                PW-16 (Sandeep Kumar) /
              Letter to send --Malkhana to
    Ex P-42                                        02.12.14     PW-17 (Prema Rao) / PW-
              FSL
                                                                43
              Seizure Memo-- (Accused Ms.                       PW-16 (Sandeep Kumar) /
    Ex P-43                                        02.12.14
              Shilpi)                                           PW-43
              Call Details and Analysis Charts                  PW-18 (Jitendra Singh) /
    Ex P-44                                        04.12.14
              of Accused Persons                                PW-43
    Ex P-45
             Victim's  School    Admission                      PW-20 (Arvind Vajyapi) /
    to Ex P-                                       06.12.14
             Records and Birth Certificate                      PW-25 (Pukhdas)
    47
    Ex P-48
             FIR Copies (Police Station
    to Ex P-                                       09.12.14     PW-20 (Arvind Vajyapi)
             SadarKotwaliShahjahanpur)
    49
                                                                PW-20 (Arvind Vajyapi) /
    Ex P-50   Birth Certificate Photocopy          13.01.15     Produced           during
                                                                supplemental proceedings
              Statement of Witness        Gyan                  PW-24     (Gyan       Singh
    Ex P-51                                        09.02.15
              Singh Bhadoria                                    Bhadoria)
              Arrest/Seizure   Memo           of                PW-27 (Satya Prakash) /
    Ex P-52                                        08.02.15
              Accused Asha Ram                                  PW-41 / PW-43
    Ex P-53
             Crime Detail Report (CDR) and
    to Ex P-                                       21.02.15     PW-27 / PW-30 / PW-43
             Site Inspection Memos
    54
              Memo of     Production    Record
    Ex P-55                                        21.02.15     PW-27 / PW-40 / PW-43
              (Uday)
    Ex P-56
             Production    Memos              of                PW-28 (Moti Ram) / PW-34
    to Ex P-                                       23.02.15
             Ashram/School Records                              (Sushil) / PW-41 / PW-43
    58
    
    
    
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    Ex P-59
             Seizure Memos of Mobiles/SIMs
    to Ex P-                                          23.02.15    PW-28 / PW-41 / PW-43
             (Accused Sharad)
    60
               Seizure Memo of Records (Ms.                       PW-28 / PW-36 (Neha
    Ex P-61                                           23.02.15
               Neha Totlani)                                      Totlani) / PW-41 / PW-43
    Ex P-62
             Power of Attorney and Board                          PW-28 / PW-37 (Sriram
    to Ex P-                                          23.02.15
             Resolutions                                          Kashyap) / PW-41 / PW-43
    64
    Ex P-65
             Victim's School Certificates                         PW-28 / PW-33 (Vivek
    to Ex P-                                          23.02.15
             (Transfer/Leaving)                                   Sharma) / PW-41 / PW-43
    66
               Appointment Letter of Accused                      PW-28 / PW-37 / PW-40 /
    Ex P-67                                           23.02.15
               Sanchita Gupta                                     PW-41 / PW-43
                                                                  PW-29 (Papparam) / PW-30
    Ex P-68    Arrest Memo of Accused Shiva           24.02.15
                                                                  / PW-43
    Ex P-69
             Transcription  Memo               and
    to Ex P-                                          24.02.15    PW-29 / PW-30 / PW-43
             Videography Records
    70
    Ex P-71
             Arrest    Memos     (Accused                         PW-29 / PW-38          (Babu
    to Ex P-                                          24.02.15
             Prakash and Sharad)                                  Singh) / PW-43
    72
               Search    Memo     (Residential
    Ex P-73                                           26.02.15    PW-30 (Ramdev) / PW-43
               Place of Accused Prakash)
               Intimation  Memo         u/s     27
    Ex P-74                                           26.02.15    PW-30 (Ramdev)
               (Accused Sanchita)
    Ex P-75    Statement of Devendra Pawar            02.03.15    PW-31 (Devender Pawar)
    Ex P-76    Statement of Nitin Bhalla              04.03.15    PW-32 (Nitin Bhalla)
    Ex P-77
             School    Attendance              and                PW-33 (Vivek Sharma) /
    to Ex P-                                          11.03.15
             Guardian Documents                                   PW-41 / PW-43
    84
    Ex P-85
             Leave Applications (Victim and                       PW-36 (Neha Totlani) / PW-
    to Ex P-                                          19.03.15
             Bhavya Shukla)                                       41 / PW-43
    87
    Ex P-88
             Police   Reports     and         FIRs                PW-38 (Babu Singh) / PW-
    to Ex P-                                         March 2015
             (Gujarat Police Stations)                            43
    102
               Statement u/s      164     Cr.P.C.                 PW-39 (Ajay Kumar) --/
    Ex P-103                                          09.10.13
               (Ajay Kumar) --                                    PW-43Chanchal Mishra
               List of workers of Chhindwara
    Ex P-104                                          13.04.15    PW-40 (Udai)
               Girls Hostel
               Warden Correspondence to ACP
    Ex P-105                                          15.04.15    PW-40 (Udai)
               West
    Ex P-106 FIR No. 122/13 (Jodhpur)                 22.04.15    PW-41 (Mukta Parikh)
    Ex P-107
             Educational Certificates          and                PW-35 (Nitin Deve) / PW-41
    to Ex P-                                           2015
             Health Records                                       / PW-33
    116
                                                                  PW-42 (Sudha Ben) / PW-
    Ex P-117 Police Statement of Sudha Ben            08.07.15
                                                                  43
    Ex P-118
             Revenue       Records       (Manai
    to Ex P-                                         July 2015 PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
             Village)
    120
    Ex P-121
             Information Memos          u/s     27
    to Ex P-                                         July 2015 PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
             (Accused Persons)
    124
               Arrest    Memo       (Accused
    Ex P-125                                          16.07.15    PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
               Sanchita Gupta @ Shilpi)
    
    
    
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                 Website Printouts of Ashram
    Ex P-126                                           16.07.15        PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
                 Addresses
    Ex P-127
             Railway Reservation            Charts
    to Ex P-                                           July 2015 PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
             (Jodhpur)
    128
    Ex P-129
             Mobile/Call Detail Analysis and
    to Ex P-                                 July 2015 PW-43 (Chanchal Mishra)
             Charts
    139
    Ex P-140
             Official Call Detail Records and                          PW-44     (Vinay      Kumar
    to Ex P-                                               2016
             Certificates                                              Sharma)
    149
    Ex P-150
             Supplemental School Records                               Produced     during      re-
    to Ex P-                                               2017
             and Electoral Roll App.                                   examination / PW-43
    161
    
    
    

    PROSECUTION PHYSICAL EVIDENCE (ARTICLES 1 TO 30)

    Article No. Description Associated Exhibit/Witness
    PS Kamla Market Diary Entries
    Article-1 Ex P-8A, P-9, P-10 / PW-1
    (Register No. 2)
    FIR Register (PS Kamla Market 2011-

    Article-2                                          Ex P-11 / PW-2
                   13)
                   Women's Help Desk --2013 PS Kamla Note:     Contains                    Defence
    Article-3
                   Market                            Exhibit Ex D-1.
    Article-4      Samsung Mobile                                   Ex P-35 / PW-13 / PW-40
    Article-5      Reliance LG Mobile                               Ex P-35 / PW-13 / PW-40
    Article-6      Carbon Company Mobile (White)                    Ex P-36 / PW-14 / PW-40
    Article-7      Nokia Mobile SIM                                 PW-15 / PW-30 / PW-43
                   Black Mobile (Virgin Company) with
    Article-8                                         PW-15 / PW-30 / PW-43
                   SIM
    Article-9      Compact Disc (C.D.)                              PW-15 / PW-43
    Article-10-
                   DVD (Quantity: 5)                                PW-15 / PW-43
    14
                   DVD:   Videography    of            Victim's
    Article-15                                                      PW-26 / PW-43
                   Statements (21.08.13)
    Article-15     Attendance Register         (12th       Class,
                                                                    PW-33 / PW-41
    (bis)          Asaram Gurukul)
                   Sealed CD:       Videography       of    Spot
    Article-16                                                      PW-26 / PW-30
                   Inspection
    Article-16     Attendance Register         (11th       Class,
                                                                    PW-33 / PW-41
    (bis)--        Asaram Gurukul)
    Article-17     Girls Hostel Register (Chhindwara)               PW-34 / PW-36 / PW-41
                   Entry Book (Asha Ram Gurukul Boys
    Article-18                                       PW-34 / PW-41
                   Hostel Main Gate)
                   Girls  Hostel        Medical       Register
    Article-19                                                      PW-36 / PW-41
                   (Chhindwara)
                   Samsung Reliance Mobile, SIM, and
    Article-20                                       PW-41 / PW-43
                   Battery
    Article-21-
                   Eight Reliance SIMs                              PW-41 (Mukta Parikh)
    28
    Article-29     Airtel SIM                                       PW-41 (Mukta Parikh)
    Article-30     Docomo SIM                                       PW-41 (Mukta Parikh)
    
    
    
    
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    3.21. From the side of defence, the statements of following witnesses

    were recorded:

    Witness No. &
    Category Particulars of Testimony
    Name
    Alleged that on 21/08/2013, the victim admitted
    she had fabricated the case with her parents and
    DW-01:

    School & Hostel others to defame the accused. She also testified
    Ms. Charul
    Environment that the victim had an improper relationship with
    Arora
    a teacher, Pankaj Dubey, and possessed prohibited
    mobile phones.

    Stated that the accused was in seclusion at Manai
    and no public satsang was held during the night of
    DW-02: Channa Alibi &Manai
    the alleged incident. He challenged the timing of
    Ram Kumawat Presence
    photographs presented by the prosecution and
    denied witnessing any assault.

    Provided an alibi by stating his family was at the
    DW-03: Arjun Alibi &Manai Manai farmhouse for an engagement (Roka)
    Kumar Tekwani Presence ceremony on 14/08/2013 and 15/08/2013. He
    denied that the accused practiced occult rituals.
    Confirmed her presence at the Roka ceremony on
    15/08/2013 and stated the program lasted until
    DW-04: Alibi &Manai
    nearly midnight, which challenges the
    SushilaChelani Presence
    prosecution’s timeline. She estimated the victim’s
    age at 19-20 years.

    A school principal who deposed about certain
    school records Ex D/6A, Ex D/7A, Ex D/8A and Ex.

    DW-05: Jaya Official Records
    P-150 regarding the victim’s age. She also testified
    Kamat & Documents
    that the victim’s name was changed from
    Shubham Devi to Supriya Singh.

    A farmhouse resident who stated the victim
    appeared normal and cheerful and shared meals
    DW-06: Alibi &Manai
    with the family. She denied the cottage was
    Vishnu Devada Presence
    exclusive to the accused and estimated the
    victim’s age as 20-22 years.

    Testified about the victim’s character, alleged
    outings with a teacher (Pankaj Dubey), and
    DW-07: School & Hostel
    reported seeing them together. She also
    Megha Sharma Environment–

    mentioned the victim’s original name was
    Shubham Devi.

    A room warden who claimed the victim’s 18th
    DW-09: School & Hostel birthday was celebrated in August 2013,
    Kumari Reena Environment– contradicting the claim that she was a minor. She
    denied any “possession by spirits” occurred.

    Claimed the victim stayed in her company the
    entire night of 15/08/2013 and had requested
    DW-10: Alibi &Manai
    sanitary pads for menstruation. She stated the
    Manisha Devra Presence
    victim slept in a room with other women, not in the
    cottage.

    Alleged the victim’s parents provided a false
    DW-11: School & Hostel birthdate in school records for government
    Vidhya Environment– benefits. She described the victim as “disobedient”

    and noted she was weak in her studies.

    Alleged that material prosecution witnesses (Rahul
    DW-12: Conspiracy & Sachan, etc.) were motivated by money and had
    Sangeeta Character been expelled for misconduct. She mentioned
    reading a 2008 extortion fax demanding ₹50 crore.
    Highlighted the accused’s disaster relief and social
    DW-13: Social Work & work. He alleged Rahul Sachan had a “bad
    Yogesh Bhati Conspiracy character” and corroborated the existence of a ₹50
    crore extortion threat in 2008.

    DW-14: Alibi &Manai A security guard who testified he was on duty at
    Madan Singh Presence the cottage gate from 8:00 PM to midnight on

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    15/08/2013 and witnessed no incident. He stated
    the accused was away until midnight.

    Claimed the victim’s DOB was 06.08.1995 and her
    DW-15: Conspiracy & original name was Shubham Devi. He alleged
    Ram Mehar Records overhearing a conspiracy meeting at a dhaba in
    2013 to frame the accused for ₹50 crore extortion.
    A researcher who conducted psychological profiling
    DW-16: Expert
    of the accused, concluding he was mentally sound
    AnchalKumawat Testimony
    and had been observing celibacy for forty years.
    Testified about the accused’s visit to Gurgaon,
    DW-17: Character & Fact
    describing his interactions with a child as showing
    Sanjay Kumar Witness
    “parental affection” rather than misconduct.

    DW-18:                                A wrestler who testified to the accused's character
                      Character       &
    Rakesh Kumar                          and his promotion of celibacy and parent-worship
                      Social Work
    Singh                                 activities since the year 2000.
    

    A clinic employee who alleged seeing the victim’s
    DW-19: Conspiracy & father and others planning a conspiracy at a clinic
    Jigyasa Bhavsar Extortion to plant sexual allegations and send an extortion
    fax.

    A psychologist who evaluated the accused and
    DW-20:

                      Expert              found him mentally stable and resilient, concluding
    Dr.      Shilpa
                      Testimony           he was "incapable of committing any sexual
    Aggarwal
                                          misconduct".
    DW-21:                                A journalist who claimed the victim's family tried
                      Conspiracy      &
    Brijender                             to find a lawyer in Jaipur to file a "false case" on
                      Journalist
    Sharma                                16/08/2013 before they eventually went to Delhi.
    

    Alleged a conspiracy involving Bholanand to extort
    DW-22: Investigation & money. He also claimed to have seen obscene
    Vikrant Sharma Jammu SIT messages exchanged between the victim and
    teacher Pankaj Dubey.

    Claimed Bholanand asked her to find girls to make
    DW-23: Investigation &
    false sexual allegations against the accused in
    Pooja Devi Jammu SIT
    exchange for money and protection.

    An advocate who testified the victim told him in his
    DW-24: Conspiracy &
    chambers that no misconduct had occurred and
    Suresh Kumar Advocate
    she was only acting on her father’s directions.
    An RTO official who produced licensing records for
    DW-25: Official Records
    the victim’s brother to challenge the family’s
    Rambachan & Documents
    reported ages and history.

    A public servant who produced ration card records
    DW-26: Official Records
    from 2005to highlight age inconsistencies in the
    Uday Singh & Documents
    victim’s family history.

    An investigating officer from the Jammu SIT who
    DW-27: Investigation &
    detailed the probe into the alleged conspiracy by
    Angrez Singh Jammu SIT
    Bholanand and others against the ashram.
    Provided testimony regarding birth register
    DW-28: Official Records
    records from 1990; noted they lacked official seals
    Dr. Amit Kumuir & Documents
    and informant signatures.

    A member of the Jammu SIT –who corroborated
    DW-29: Investigation &
    the investigation into the conspiracy narrative
    Suresh Sharma Jammu SIT
    involving Bholanand and Pankaj Dubey.
    DW-30: An election official who testified regarding age
    Official Records
    Vinay Prakash entries in electoral rolls, noting that human or
    & Documents
    Srivastava printing errors are common in such records.
    DW-31: A Nodal Officer for Reliance who provided Call
    Investigation &
    Deepak Detail Records (CDRs) that were used by the
    Technical
    Gandotra Jammu police in their conspiracy investigation.

    3.22. The defence in support of its case submitted documents Ex.D-1 to

    Ex.D-225 and also produced 5 articles, which are as under:

    DEFENCE DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE (EX.D-1 TO EX.D-225)

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    Witness who Proved /
    Exhibit No. Document Description
    Presented

    EXD-1 Women Help Desk Register entry PW-1 ASI Pushplata (Article-3)

    PW-5 “Su” (during cross-

    EXD-2            Victim "Su" Police Statement
                                                                     examination)
    
                     Apology Letter written by Victim "Su"
    EXD-3                                                            PW-5 "Su" / DW-7 Megha Sharma
                     Singh
    
                     Written NGO Report by Kiran Jha                 PW-5 "Su"      /   PW-7   Kiran    Jha
    EXD-4
                     Thakur                                          Thakur
    
    EXD-5            Shahjahanpur Assembly Voter List                DW-30 Vinay Prakash Srivastava
    
                     Admission Form of Shubham Devi
    EXD-6 / 6A                                                       PW-5 "Su" / DW-5 Jaya Kamat
                     (Mumukshu Ashram)
    
    EXD-7 / 7A       Registration Form of Shubham Devi               PW-5 "Su" / DW-5 Jaya Kamat
    
                     Scholar's     Register      &        Transfer
    EXD-8 / 8A                                                       PW-5 "Su" / DW-5 Jaya Kamat
                     Certificate of Victim
    
    EXD-9     to     Affidavits   of  Karamveer             Singh    PW-21 Karamveer Singh / DW-5
    13A              (Multiple pages)                                Jaya Kamat
    
    EXD-15           Police Statement of Pushplata                   PW-1 ASI Pushplata
    
    EXD-16       /   Birth Certificate     /   Birth      Register   PW-12 Sunita Singh / DW-28 Dr.
    16B              (Karnvir/Somvir)                                Amit Kumar
    
                                                                     PW-12 Sunita Singh           /   PW-43
    EXD-17           Police statement of Mrs. Sunita Singh
                                                                     Chanchal Mishra
    
    EXD-18           Victim "Su" Leave Application                   PW-12 Sunita Singh
    
    EXD-20A      /   Driving   License     Register       (Somvir    PW-12 Sunita Singh / DW-25 Ram
    20B              Singh)                                          Vachan
    
    EXD-21    to     Photos   of     Satsang         at     Manai    DW-2 Channaram / DW-3 Arjun
    24               (15.08.2013)                                    Tekwani
    
    EXD-26       /
                     Photo of Asha Ram Ji under Neem tree            DW-3 Arjun Kumar Tekwani
    26A
    
    EXD-27    to     Sewakarya Forms (Karamveer family
                                                                     PW-21 Karamveer Singh
    31               members)
    
    EXD-38       /
                     Vaccination / Survey Register                   PW-12 Sunita Singh
    38A
    
    EXD-40       /   Ration   Card       Application         Form    PW-12 Sunita Singh / DW-26 Udai
    40A              (Ramdiya)                                       Singh
    
    EXD-42           Victim "Su" original LIC form                   PW-12 Sunita Singh
    
    EXD-45           Search Memo (Shilpi)                            PW-16 Sandeep Kumar
    
                     Child    Registration     and        Transfer
    EXD-47                                                           PW-20 Arvind Vajpayee
                     Certificate
    
                     Certified Photos          of      Transport
    EXD-60 / 61                                                      PW-21 Karamveer Singh
                     Companies
    
    EXD-69           Proof of Somvir's driving license               DW-25 Ram Vachan
    
    EXD-74           Voter List of Karamvir Singh (2012)             DW-30 Vinay Prakash Srivastava
    
    EXD-75           Copy of Nutrition Register                      PW-21 Karamveer Singh
    
    EXD-81       /
                     Ration Card Details                             PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    81A
    
    
    
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                                                                   PW-21 Karamveer Singh / PW-43
    EXD-82         Police Statement of Karamvir Singh
                                                                   Chanchal Mishra
    
                   Affidavit and letters by             Shailesh
    EXD-99                                                         PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
                   Kumar (Bhavya's father)
    
    EXD-100/1-     Online    Weather       Reports      (August
                                                                   PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    7              2013)
    
    EXD-101-
                   RTI documents / Police Journal copies           PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    106
    
    EXD-107-                                                       PW-43 Chanchal Mishra / DW-22
                   Call Details (Jammu investigation)
    111                                                            Vikrant Sharma
    
                                                                   DW-22 Vikrant Sharma / DW-27
    EXD-114        First Information Report (Jammu)
                                                                   Angrez Singh
    
    EXD-115    /   CFSL Chandigarh Voice Report (Vinod
                                                                   DW-27 Angrez Singh
    115A           Gupta)
    
    EXD-117        Teacher Prayer Form (Pankaj Dubey)              PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    
    EXD-118        Customer Application Form (Reliance)            PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    
    EXD-122    /   Urdu     to   English     Translation      &
                                                                   PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    123            Certificate
    
    EXD-129        Photocopy of Malkhana Register                  PW-43 Chanchal Mishra
    
    EXD-131        FIR (Gurgaon) regarding Media Trial             DW-17 Sanjay Kumar
    
    EXD-132        List of Nodal Officers                          PW-44 Vinay Kumar Sharma
    
    EXD-133-       Photos          of                     Victim
                                                                   DW-1 Charul Arora
    141            (WhatsApp/Facebook)
    
    EXD-142-       Commendation                          Letters
                                                                   DW-13 Yogesh Bhati
    155            (President/Gov/CM)
    
    EXD-158-       Photos of Asaram          visiting    Sanjay
                                                                   DW-17 Sanjay Kumar
    160            Kumar's house
    
    EXD-185        Fax Message (Extortion threat)                  DW-19 Jigyasa Bhavsar
    
    EXD-187-
                   Academic Degrees (Shilpa Agrawal)               DW-20 Dr. Shilpa Aggarwal
    191
    
    EXD-192-
                   Questionnaires for AsaramAsha Ram               DW-20 Dr. Shilpa Aggarwal
    195
    
    EXD-197-
                   Journalist Press Cards                          DW-21 Brijender Sharma
    198
    
    EXD-203    /   Complaint     to         Jammu         Court
                                                                   DW-22 Vikrant Sharma
    203A           (Original/Copy)
    
    EXD-204    /   Script  of  Conversation             (Vikrant   DW-22 Vikrant Sharma / DW-27
    204A           &Bholanand)                                     Angrez Singh
    
    EXD-211    /   Seizure   Memo      and    CDRs      (Pankaj    DW-22 Vikrant Sharma / DW-27
    212            Dubey)                                          Angrez Singh
    
    EXD-216    /
                   Original Ration Register Page (2005)            DW-26 Udai Singh
    216A
    
    EXD-221    /
                   CDRs of Pankaj Dubey and others                 DW-31 Deepak Gandotra
    224
    
    EXD-222        Section 65-B Evidence Act Certificate           DW-31 Deepak Gandotra
    
                   Customer Application Form (Pankaj
    EXD-225                                                        DW-31 Deepak Gandotra
                   Dubey)
    
    
    
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    DEFENCE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE (ARTICLES D-1 TO D-5)

    Article No. Description
    Article D-1 Compact Disk: Chindwara Satsang CD dated 25-03-2015
    Article D-2 Compact Disk: Ahmedabad Satsang CD dated 25-03-2015
    Article D-3 Compact Disk: Delhi Satsang CD dated 25-03-2015
    Article D-1 (bis) DVD photographs (Regions D-161 to D-163 and D-165 to D-171)
    Article D-4 Compact Disk: Asha Ramji Pravachan dated 16.04.2015
    Article D-5 Original CD presented by Witness Vikrant Sharma

    3.23. Following questions were framed by the learned Trial Court (English

    translation):

    “(1) Whether the age of prosecutrix was less than 18 years on
    15.08.2013? Therefore, whether she comes within the category of child
    as defined in Section 2(D) of Protection of Children Act?
    (2) Whether the accused Asha Ram by committing an act of wrongful
    confinement, prevented prosecutrix girl child to go beyond a certain
    limit on 15.08.2013 at about 10 p.m. in the Kutiya situated in Manai
    Ashram and inflicted sexual harassment to her and on her resistance,
    extended threats to her and by threatening to kill her parents, exercised
    assault/criminal form towards her and by extending threats to cause
    physical injury and to kill her parents, with a motive to terrorize her,
    caused criminal intimidation and with a motive to disrespect her
    modesty, violated her seclusion by uttering obscene words and
    molesting her and with a sexual intent, touched the vagina, urethra and
    chest of the prosecutrix girl child and caused stimulating penetrative
    sexual assault/rape?

    A. If yes, whether the act of penetrative sexual assault
    committed on the aforesaid date, time and place by the
    accused Asha Ram upon the prosecutrix girl child had been
    committed while remaining in the capacity of a manager of
    the religious organization/trust?

    B. Whether the aforesaid rape committed by the accused Asha
    Ram with the prosecutrix on the aforesaid date, time and
    place was committed by him while remaining in the capacity
    of a trustee or authority towards her by extending threats to
    her and against her wishes?

    (3) Whether the accused persons Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra,
    Ms. Sanchita @ Shilpi, Prakash and Shiva @ Savaram at any time
    prior to 15.08.2013, hatched a criminal conspiracy in connivance and
    collusion with the accused Asha Ram having sole motive to inflict
    sexual abuse to the prosecutrix girl child on behalf of the accused Asha
    Ram and to commit rape with her and for this purpose, the aforesaid
    accused persons constituted a group and the aforesaid criminal
    conspiracy functioning in the furtherance of common intention,
    provided aid to him and for the purpose of exploitation of the
    prosecutrix girl child, committed an act of misdemeanor by means of
    fraud, deceit, inducement etc. consequent upon which, the accused
    Asha Ram committed offence as described in Issue No. 2 against the
    prosecutrix/girl child?

    (4) Whether the accused persons namely Sharad Chandra @ Sharat
    Chandra, Ms. Sanchita @ Shilpi and the accused Asha Ram @
    Ashumal having genuine influence and control over the prosecutrix/girl
    child, assaulted her and caused undue mental and physical injury to
    her?

    (5) If yes, the accused persons are liable to be punished for which
    offence.”

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    4. By dealing with and deciding these questions, learned Trial Court,

    vide its judgement dated 25.04.2018, convicted and sentenced the

    accused-appellants as already enumerated above in the introductory

    part. Hence, the instant set of appeals.

    GROUNDS OF APPEAL

    5. Grounds of appeal taken from DB Crl.Appeal No. 123/2018 filed by

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal are summarized below :

    (a) Learned Trial Judge erred in appreciating the evidence;

    (b) Learned Trial Judge failed in his duty to restrain adverse media

    propaganda against the appellant;

    (c) Trial was vitiated by the adverse media propaganda against the

    appellant;

    (d) The investigating agency and the prosecution consciously acted

    in a manner to poison the atmosphere against the appellant and

    make it impossible to examine the issues of fact and law

    dispassionately;

    (e) FIR was lodged after inordinate delay and that too at Delhi, a

    place other than jurisdictional police station by pre-concert and

    deep planned and the learned Trial Court failed to find out the

    real reasons behind this course;

    (f) Learned Trial Judge failed to examine the flaws and dishonest

    manipulations during investigation;

    (g) Learned Trial Judge erred in determining the age of prosecutrix;

    (h) Learned Trial Judge did not properly examine and evaluate the

    testimony of the prosecutrix, who was the star witness and also

    of the other witnesses and the findings recorded by the learned

    Trial Court on material issues of fact are wrong;

    (i) Learned Trial Judge misinterpreted the provisions about

    presumption contained in Section 29 of the POCSO Act, 2012;

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    (j) The prosecution had miserably failed to prove the commission

    of offence defined under Section 375 IPC, punishable under

    Section 376(2)(f) IPC but the Learned Trial Judge wrongly

    convicted and sentenced the appellant for the same;

    (k) The ingredients of Section 376(D) IPC were not made out and

    the conviction and sentence for the same are wholly

    unwarranted;

    (l) Prosecution also failed to prove the offences under Sections 370,

    342 and 506 IPC;

    (m) Offence under Section 120B IPC had not been proved. In any

    case the Learned Trial Judge acted in a contradictory manner.

    This offence is independently punishable even if the act of

    conspiracy is not done or attempted. Yet, the Learned Trial

    Judge, having recorded the conviction under Section 120-B IPC,

    did not award any independent punishment for the said offence.

    (n) Prosecution had failed to prove that qua the appellant,

    provisions of Section 23 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and

    Protection of Children) Act were attracted in the case.

    6. Besides some of the aforesaid grounds with some difference in

    language, appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat

    Chandra also asserted in their appeals that it had not been proved that

    at the time of allegedly asking the parents of the prosecutrix to take her

    to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal, they had any knowledge regarding

    future offences to be committed by him.

    7. We have heard the learned counsels for parties at length and with

    their able assistance gone through record.

    ARGUMENTS, DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

    8. Mr. Devadatt Kamat, learned Senior Counsel instructed and assisted

    by Mr. Rajesh Inamdar and Mr. Nishant Bora, Advocates for the appellant-

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    Asha Ram advanced a multi-pronged challenge to the prosecution’s case,

    endeavoring to dismantling each and every charge and thus seeking

    hon’ble acquittal. He advanced arguments in line with the grounds of

    appeal, inter alia, contending that the event of may 2013, the alleged

    genesis of the conspiracy, more particularly the events between

    02.08.2013 and 09.08.2013, the alleged acts attributed to accused nos.

    2 and 3, the events between 09.08.2013 and 14.08.2013, the movement

    of the prosecutrix with her parents, the event of 14.08.2013, and the

    alleged meeting of appellant at Manai, with reference to ‘Bhootwali Ladki’,

    do not establish any culpability, direct or indirect; therefore, the offence

    under Section 370 is not made out, nor is Section 120B attracted;

    similarly, events relating to the main allegation under Section 376 r/w

    Section 376D, namely kissing the private part, removal of the salwar, or

    disrobing the victim, coupled with the Medical Report of the prosecutrix

    revealing an intact hymen and absence of injuries, do not establish guilt;

    merely the sole testimony of the prosecutrix, in the facts and

    circumstances of the present case, cannot be treated as gospel truth

    without corroboration; imposing the maximum punishment of life

    imprisonment for the remainder of life under Section 376(2)(f) is

    disproportionate and without jurisdiction; the offence under Section 376D

    is not made out; the unnatural conduct of the prosecutrix and her family,

    both before and after the alleged occurrence, coupled with other fatal

    illegalities / defects, namely absence of scientific or FSL testing by the

    prosecution, failure to summon the FSL and technical team for inspection

    and DNA analysis of the scene of crime, lack of objectivity and fairness

    in the investigation conducted by the IO, non-applicability of the

    provisions of the POCSO and JJ Acts to the present case, and erroneous

    reliance on the matriculation certificate Exh. P-107A, strike at the very

    root of the prosecution story; the Ld. Trial Court ought to have correctly

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    determined the age of the prosecutrix; the probable motive for false

    implication was not properly considered; Sections 342, 354A, and 506 of

    IPC were not proved beyond reasonable doubt; Material Improvements

    Masquerading as elaboration were disregarded by the trial Court; the

    prosecution was required to establish its case beyond reasonable doubt,

    which it failed to do; and the conviction and sentence of the Appellant –

    Asha Ram appear to rest on moral grounds.

    9. Mr. Vineet Jain, learned Senior Counsel assisted by Mr. Praveen

    Vyas, Advocate appearing for the appellant Sharat Chandra (co-accused),

    inter alia, argued that the prosecution has built a case that suggests the

    co-accused was involved in a long chain of criminal activity (A → B → C).

    However, they have only proved, if at all, his involvement in act A. For

    them to be convict, acts B and C, which involve future crime viz. rape, it

    must be proved that at the time the other co-accused/appellants herein

    committed act A, they had a clear, conscious knowledge, or intent, to

    commit the specific subsequent acts B and C. Since no such evidence

    proving this necessary future intent of their minds has been produced,

    charges against them qua all the offenses must fail. In other words, at

    its heart, this argument is a direct challenge to the Mens Rea element

    required by the prosecution. He would rely on the elementary of criminal

    law viz. Actus Reus and Mens Rea to canvass that while their actions

    (asking the parents to take victim to the prime accused) may have

    constituted an actus reus, but the prosecution has failed to prove the

    necessary corresponding mens rea regarding future acts. They can only

    be responsible for what they knew, or reasonably ought to have known.

    A successful charge of conspiracy requires proof that all parties agreed,

    at some point in time, to commit an illegal act (or series of acts). If the

    co-accused lacked knowledge of the future scope of the crime, the

    agreement required for a criminal conspiracy clearly does not exist.

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    9.1. Learned Senior Counsel argued that the deception charge fails at

    the threshold, at the three stages i.e. neither the FIR nor the NGO report

    nor even statement under Section 164 CrPC record any interaction

    between the appellant Sharat Chandra and ‘Su’. Section 120B IPC could

    not have been invoked for a vague, open-ended incident allegedly

    occurring on 15.08.2013, particularly when the principal offence itself is

    not established. The appellant committed no harbouring under Section

    370 IPC. Ingredients thereof are completely amiss. The allegation is

    merely that he sent ‘Su’, which is no offence in law. On Section 376D IPC,

    the appellant was absent from the scene entirely. Moreover, having been

    acquitted under Section 354 read with Section 34 IPC on the ground of

    non-presence and non-participation, the same common intention cannot

    be differently construed to sustain a conviction under Section 376D, the

    two conclusions are legally irreconcilable. The POCSO charges equally

    cannot stand, given the admitted position that the appellant was never

    at the scene of crime. Senior Counsel also pointed out that the

    subsequent testimonies of the victim and her parents show marked

    improvement over their earlier Section 161/164 CrPC statements and the

    original FIR version regarding the role attributed to his clients, and the

    same must therefore be discarded to that extent.

    9.2. Qua the co-appellant Sanchita, Mr. Kamat learned Senior Counsel

    assisted by Mr. Deepak Menaria, Advocate would adopt the arguments of

    Mr. Vinit Jain, except where in conflict with their stand taken qua Asha

    Ram. He would also argue that she had to join the school only recently in

    March, 2013 and hardly even knew the appellant Asha Ram enough so as

    to have meeting of mind with him of any kind. He would urge when the

    co-accused had no knowledge of the future at all and/or of the full scope

    of the crime alleged, the ingredients essential qua criminal conspiracy are

    plainly absent. An alleged conspirator cannot be bound by acts she/he

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    neither knew of nor agreed to do, either by omission or commission.

    Thus, the entire prosecution case against her collapses on that count

    alone, is the argument.

    10. While, on the other hand, Mr. Deepak Choudhary, the learned State

    Counsel and Mr. P.C. Solanki, learned counsel for the victim/complainant

    argued in support of the impugned judgment seeking upholding of

    convictions of all the appellants on every count with no leniency on the

    sentence already awarded to them.

    11. Before we commence the discussion and analysis, a caveat here.

    Apart from the arguments noted above, the succeeding part of this

    judgment canvas a fuller landscape of contentions, many of them

    common across all three appellants, woven into our discussion and

    analysis that follows.

    11.1. In latter part of this judgment, the convictions of appellant Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal have not been upheld for offences under Sections 120B,

    34 and 376D IPC and Sections 5(g)/6 of POCSO Act and the convictions

    of appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra

    for offences under Section 370(4) read with Section 120B IPC and Section

    376D IPC and Section 5(g)/6 and 7/8 of POCSO Act and the same are

    being set aside. Our discussion and conclusions here after reached

    against the various other offences is recorded accordingly.

    12. Mr. Kamat, learned senior counsel for the appellant contended that

    the FIR was lodged after inordinate delay and that too at Delhi, a place

    other than jurisdictional Police station by pre-concert and deep planning

    and the learned Trial Court failed to find out the real reasons behind this

    course. We are unable to accept the contention.

    13. The learned Trial Court elaborately dealt with the said contention in

    paras 256 to 260 of the impugned judgment and by recording detailed

    reasons rejected the contention that the prosecution had failed to explain

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    the delay intervening the commission of offence on 15.08.2013 and the

    registration of FIR on 20.08.2013 at 2.50 AM. Summing up its reasons

    and found as under:

    “Hon’ble Supreme Court has expressed the opinion in the reverent decision
    of “Deepak vs. State of Haryana, Criminal Appeal No. 65/2012″ decided on
    10th March 2015, the delay in filing of an FIR, in sex crime, is due to various
    reasons. Two weeks after the incident in the said case, the prosecutor told his
    mother about the incident, who promptly filed a lawsuit in the police station.
    In the above episode, the victim’s photograph was taken by the accused and
    recorded her words on mobile too and he was scaring of her with the above
    evidence. The situation of the case, in hand, is even not different. The victim
    appears to be scared of the accused’s stature and powers and the person whom
    she worships as god, by doing such a horrible act by him, her thought process
    will surely get numb. In my humble opinion, considering the facts and
    circumstances of the case, the prosecution has given sufficient clarification of
    the delay of 5 days for filing an FIR. Hence, the argument of the defendant is
    not acceptable. Here, this argument is also given by the learned counsels for
    the accused persons, if the victim was so scared of accused Asha Ram, why did
    she come with her father to meet Asha Ram in the ongoing Satsang in Delhi?
    In my humble opinion, till the girl did not provide information about the
    incident to her family, she was not confident whether her family members,
    enchanted with Asha Ram’s hypnosis, would rely on her or not. But, once she
    has reported about the incident to her parents on the pressure of the mother
    and the parents, who stood by her, resolved by asking the accused Asha Ram
    to meet him in this regard, then the girl got this courage because her parents
    are with her, so should go with them and ask Asha Ram why he committed such
    an act? Certainly, in case of happening of any incident, if the parents of the
    victim co-operate with her, it encourages her to face the criminal as well as the
    society. Therefore, the said argument of the defendant is not acceptable.”

    13.1. To add to the above, we are of the view that even if some part of

    the delay in lodging in the FIR remains unexplained, the same is not fatal

    to the case, provided the available material against the accused satisfies

    the conscience of the Court. It seems that this test is also met in the

    instant case.

    14. The prosecutrix had revealed the incident to her mother on

    19.08.2013. Her parents wanted to meet appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    to verify facts by confronting him with the revelations of the prosecutrix.

    Having been told by the Sewak of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal that

    he was then available at Delhi, the parents of the prosecutrix along with

    the prosecutrix left Shahjahanpur same day for Delhi. When they reached

    there, they were told that the Satsang had ended and appellant (Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal) had gone to Jodhpur. For registration of FIR at

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    jurisdictional police station at Jodhpur, they would have to travel further

    from Delhi to Jodhpur. That would entail delay in the the registration of

    FIR at jurisdictional police station, Jodhpur. Obviously, to obviate that

    delay, the zero FIR was lodged at Kamla Nagar Police Station, Delhi near

    to the Satsang place.

    14.1. In our opinion, the learned Trial Court correctly rejected the

    contention that the FIR was lodged with undue delay at a non-

    jurisdictional police station in Delhi, pursuant to pre-concert and

    deliberate planning. We concur with this finding. The contention to the

    contrary is accordingly rejected.

    15. Likewise, we are unable to accept the ground raised in appeal and

    as canvassed in course of the arguments that the trial was vitiated by the

    adverse media propaganda against appellant and; that learned Trial

    Judge failed in his duty to restrain such adverse media propaganda. If

    the appellant was aggrieved by any adverse media propaganda, it was

    open to him to take recourse to appropriate legal proceedings for

    preventing the same. If he did not take recourse to law for this purpose

    or failed in any such attempt, the blame cannot now be laid at the door

    of the learned Trial Court, who decided the case on its merits.

    16. We also find no merit in the contention of the learned senior counsel

    for appellants that the learned Trial Judge erred in appreciating the

    evidence; the investigating agency and the prosecution consciously acted

    in a manner to poison the atmosphere against the appellant and make it

    impossible to examine the issues of fact and law dispassionately; learned

    Trial Judge failed to examine the flaws and dishonest manipulations

    during investigation; did not properly examine and evaluative the

    testimony of the prosecutrix, who was the star witness and also of the

    other witnesses and the findings recorded by the learned Trial Court on

    material facts are wrong.

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    17. Impugned judgment, mainly in Hindi, typed on legal size paper up

    to the findings of conviction, runs into 444 pages. It is followed by pages

    445 to 449 bearing the sentencing order. In our opinion, the learned Trial

    Court took pains and fully evaluated and analysed the evidence from

    every angle and recorded its conclusions consistent with record and

    relevant law. We are inclined to agree with the same, except of course

    the findings excluded by way of the caveat recorded above. With that

    exception and caveat, we reject the contention that the learned Trial

    Judge erred in appreciating the evidence.

    18. On perusal and careful appraisal of the impugned judgment, we are

    of the opinion that it was rendered after dispassionate examination of the

    issues of fact and law by the learned Trial Court. We find no worthwhile

    material therein to support the contention of the learned counsel for the

    appellant that the investigating agency and the prosecution consciously

    acted in a manner to poison the atmosphere against the appellant and

    make it impossible to examine the issues of fact and law dispassionately.

    The same is accordingly rejected.

    19. It was after completion of investigation that the challan against the

    appellants was filed in the Court. On perusal of the impugned judgment,

    we are of the opinion that Learned Trial Judge duly and properly examined

    and dealt with case from all angles including the investigation part;

    examined and evaluated the testimony of the prosecutrix and the other

    witnesses. After due application of mind, Learned Trial Court passed the

    impugned judgment consistent with the record and applicable law, of

    course, with the exception/caveat already noted. We, therefore, reject

    the contention on behalf of the appellants that the Learned Trial Judge

    failed to examine the flaws and dishonest manipulations during

    investigation; did not properly examine and evaluate the testimony of the

    prosecutrix, who was the star witness and also of the other witnesses and

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    the findings recorded by the learned Trial Court on material issues of fact

    are wrong.

    20. It was also submitted that during pendency of the instant appeals

    in this Court, Mr. Ajay Pal Lamba, the then DCP (West), Jodhpur had

    published a book titled “Gunning for the Godman, the True Story Behind

    Asha Ram’s Conviction”. In his own narration, Mr. Lamba stated in this

    book that he “immediately swung into action” before the transfer of the

    Delhi zero FIR to Jodhpur and directed the SHO of PS, Soorsagar to seal

    and secure the entire campus and sent a team to examine the location

    and that he had personally filmed the alleged scene of the crime on his

    mobile phone. The contention is that this narration in the book authored

    by Mr. Ajay Pal Lamba, the then DCP(West), Jodhpur assumes critical

    importance as it establishes that the investigative steps at the alleged

    scene of crime were initiated on 21.08.2013 even before the zero FIR was

    formally transferred to Jodhpur and before the regular FIR No. 122/13

    was registered on 21.08.2013 at 06:15 PM and the same supports the

    appellant’s consistent contention that the investigation was pre-

    determined and commenced prior to lawful registration of FIR in Jodhpur,

    thereby vitiating the entire investigative process and the videographed

    scene of crime was shown to the prosecutrix during her overnight stay in

    the police station.

    20.1. Admittedly, an order dated 10.02.2022 was passed by this Court

    allowing the appellant’s Application No. 1/2021 under Section 391 CrPC

    for summoning Mr. Ajay Pal Lamba as a witness for proving the facts

    stated in his book. However, that order was set aside vide an order dated

    17.04.2023 passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in State of Rajasthan

    vs. Asha Ram @ Ashumal2. Thus, the facts stated in his book have

    remained unproved. In our opinion, the appellant cannot fall back and

    2
    SLP (Crl.) No. 2044/2022

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    rely upon the unproved contents of the book in question to question and

    find fault with the proved investigation of the case.

    20.2. We, therefore, reject the appellant’s contention that the

    investigation was pre-determined and commenced prior to lawful

    registration of FIR in Jodhpur, thereby vitiating the entire investigative

    process.

    21. It was contended that the prosecution had failed to prove beyond

    reasonable doubt that there was any telephonic communication between

    appellant Sanchita @ Shilpi and the parents of the prosecutrix wherein

    the said appellant had asked them to come Chhindwara. We are unable

    to accept the contention. Prosecution has led sufficient and reliable

    evidence, including the sworn testimony of PW-12 Sunita Singh and her

    husband PW-21 Karamvir Singh to show that following missed mobile

    phone call from appellant Sanchita @ Shilpi, a return call was made to

    her. She had told about the health problem of their daughter and had

    asked the parents of the prosecutrix to come Chhindwara. It has also

    been established on record that thereafter, the parents of the prosecutrix

    had actually gone to Chhindwara and met appellant Sanchita @ Shilpi as

    also their daughter at the School. The mobile phone (No. 7804907062)

    from/to which the relevant calls were made, was actually

    recovered/seized by the police from the possession of appellant Shilpi.

    Quite often people do use the mobile phone numbers registered in others’

    names. It is, therefore, inconsequential if the said mobile phone was

    registered in the name of someone else than appellant Sanchita @ Shilpi.

    22. Learned Senior Counsel for appellants argued that it was highly

    improbable that the prosecutrix and her family would have accepted and

    acted upon the story of the prosecutrix being haunted by ghosts and that

    the learned Trial Court erred by accepting this story. It was further

    contended that even otherwise, this part of the story was rendered

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    doubtful owing to the non-examination of Ms. Bhavya Shukla, who was

    admittedly present when appellant Shilpi had allegedly told the parents

    of the prosecutrix that she be taken to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    for ghost healing. For the reasons given below, we are not inclined to

    accept this contention.

    22.1. Second limb of this contention is taken up first. It was pointed out

    that Bhavya d/o Shailesh Kumar had written letter dated 29.08.2013 to

    the District & Sessions Judge complaining that she had been threatened

    by Karamvir Singh, father of the prosecutrix and Jodhpur Police to depose

    against the appellant. Similar letters were issued by Shailesh Kumar to

    the then Hon’ble Chief Justice of India seeking investigation and action

    against the officers. Further, Shailesh Kumar had filed affidavit Ex D-9

    stating that the father of the prosecutrix and his aides had threatened to

    depose against the accused.

    22.2. Qua the second limb of argument, the learned Trial Court, in such

    circumstances, ought to have, in exercise of its functions under Section

    311 CrPC, summoned and examined Bhavya as Court witness. However,

    it failed to do so. Let us assume, as contended, that the testimony of

    Bhavya, if examined, would have gone in favour of the appellants and

    against the prosecution story. If the defence thought so, nothing

    prevented the appellants from calling her as a defence witnesses. Having

    not done that, they cannot be heard now to urge that the learned Trial

    Court, in exercise of its suo motu power under Section 311 CrPC, ought

    to have summoned Bhavya as Court witness, but failed to do so.

    22.3. Things have to be seen from the perspective of the prosecutrix and

    her family. Indisputably, appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal was a religious

    guru, ‘Bapu’ as they all addressed him. Testimony of PW-21 Karamvir

    Singh shows that he got influenced by him and had taken Deeksha at

    Ahmedabad. He had served the appellant for 11-12 years by all means,

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    used to give him at least 10% of his income and sometimes even more.

    In a satsang at Haridwar, he (appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal) had told

    the audience that children who study in Gurukul would make progress

    and rise. They (Karamvir Singh and his wife Sunita Singh) had got their

    daughter and younger son admitted to Chhindwara Gurukul (which is

    named after name of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal) for good education

    and sacraments (sanskaars). His daughter was to be admitted in 8th class.

    However, as the seats in that class were full, she was admitted to the 7th

    class. Indisputably, Karamvir Singh was doing his business and the family

    was residing at Shahjahanpur (UP). It is not shown if facilities for good

    education were not available at or near Shahjahanpur. Getting their two

    children admitted to Chhindwara Gurukul (MP) and their residence in the

    school hostel there meant that they would be studying and living away

    from the family. Not only that, it entailed huge extra expense and

    logistical difficulties for the family. Despite all this, the family got admitted

    the two children (prosecutrix and her younger brother) to Chhindwara

    Gurukul (MP).

    22.4. PW-12 Sunita Singh, mother of the prosecutrix, deposed that she

    had taken Deeksha from Asha Ram in 2002 and knows him since then.

    Their whole family, (she, her husband and three children) had taken

    Deeksha from Asha Ram. Ashram of Asha Ram in Shahjahanpur was got

    built by her husband along with others. She had been listening Asha

    Ram’s pravachan at Ahmedabad, Surat, Nasik, Ujjain, Allahabad, Delhi,

    Lucknow, Bareily and Rohtak. The prosecutrix deposed on 11.04.2014

    that she too had taken Deekhsa from Asha Ram about 6-7 years before

    that date (meaning thereby in 2007-08).

    22.5. Thus, sufficient evidence (unanimous depositions of the

    prosecutrix, mother and father both) was led by the prosecution to show

    that parents of the prosecutrix had taken Deeksha from the appellant in

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    2002 and their daughter, the prosecutrix, took Deeksha in 2006 from

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal. Obviously, since taking Deeksha, they

    were his staunch devotees, had been deeply indoctrinated, had held

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal high in their esteem and had great faith

    in him and his advice.

    22.6. Faith is a powerful force. Powerful enough to suspend even the

    sharpest of minds. Devotees of religious gurus will often embrace,

    without question, the most superstitious pronouncements and irrational

    counsel, including tales of ghosts and the supernatural. What is more

    striking is that even prudent, scientifically minded individuals are not

    immune: when they repose deep trust in another, reason quietly yields

    to belief. This surrender of rationality is all the more pronounced when a

    person stands at the edge of despair, trapped in crisis, overwhelmed by

    difficulty, and desperately searching for answers that logic has failed to

    provide. It is precisely in such moments of vulnerability that the irrational

    finds its most willing audience. Devotion thus has a peculiar power to

    suspend reason. Quite often, devotees of religious gurus would fall prey,

    without questioning those in whom they have faith. As seems to have

    happened in the case in hand.

    22.7. ‘Shri Asha Ramji Gurukul, Senior Secondary School Boys and Girls,

    Chhindwara’ was named after appellant Asha Ram@ Ashumal and

    obviously was under his control. Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra

    @ Sharat Chandra accused were the Warden of the girls hostel and

    Director of the said Gurukul School respectively. For them, appellant Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal was an important person interested in and concerned

    with the affairs of the School. They (Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad

    Chandra @ Sharat Chandra) were, therefore, likely to be in touch with

    him and apprising him from time to time about the affairs of the School,

    its hostel and the students. Further, they were unlikely to ignore or act

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    against what appellant Asha Ram@ Ashumal had asked in this case (to

    have the prosecutrix sent to him for ghost healing). Since her admission

    in 7th class, the prosecutrix was a student of ‘Shri Asha Ramji Gurukul,

    Senior Secondary School Boys and Girls, Chhindwara (MP). At the

    relevant time (in August, 2013) she was in 12th class and was an inmate

    of the School hostel for Girls. Her parents were far away at Shahjahanpur

    (UP).

    22.8. Prosecutrix had suffered a fall in the hostel bathroom on

    06.08.2013 and had also complained of dizziness. In such premise, it is

    quite likely that appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and/or Sharad Chandra @

    Sharat Chandra felt concerned about her health problem and they or

    either of them apprised appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal about it. On

    being told by latter to have the prosecutrix sent to him for her ghost

    healing, Shilpi @ Sanchita called the parents of the prosecutrix to

    Chhindwara. There they were told by appellant Shilpi @ Sanchita about

    the problem of their daughter and that she had also spoken about the

    same to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal and he had advised that the

    prosecutrix be brought to him for ghost healing. Later, when they met

    appellant Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra, he also told them that

    prosecutrix be taken to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost healing.

    Learned Trial Court noticed the unanimous testimony of the prosecutrix

    and both of her parents on these facts.

    22.9. As already noted, appellant Shilpi @ Sanchita hostel warden had

    told the parents of the prosecutrix that she had spoken to appellant Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal about her problem and that he had advised that she be

    brought to him for ghost healing. They had also been told by appellant

    Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra to take their daughter to appellant

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost healing. Parents of the prosecutrix had

    no reason to disbelieve the statement of appellant Shilpi @ Sanchita,

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    hostel warden, who had told them that she had spoken about problem

    their daughter and that he had advised that she be brought to him for

    ghost healing. Moreover, they had also been told by appellant Sharad

    Chandra @ Sharat Chandra to take their daughter to appellant Asha Ram

    @ Ashumal for ghost healing. Thereafter, the parents of the prosecutrix

    took her to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal at his Ashram in Manai.

    22.10. In the given facts and circumstances, there seems nothing

    improbable if the prosecutrix and her family accepted and acted upon the

    story of the prosecutrix being haunted by ghosts and had gone to

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost healing. We, therefore, reject

    the contention that the learned Trial Court erred by accepting this story.

    23. We also find no merit in the contention that learned Trial Judge

    erred in determining the age of prosecutrix and had misinterpreted the

    provision about presumption contained in Section 29 of the POCSO Act,

    2012.

    23.1. For ready reference, Section 29 of the POCSO Act is reproduced as

    below:

    Section 29: Presumption as to certain offences – Where a person is prosecuted
    for committing or abetting or attempting to commit any offence under Section 3,
    5, 7 and Section 9 of this Act, the Special Court shall presume, that such person
    has committed or abetted or attempted to commit the offence, as the case may
    be, unless the contrary is proved.”

    The Section ibid shows that where a person is prosecuted for

    committing or abetting or attempting to commit any offence under

    Section 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the Act, the Special Court shall presume that

    such person has committed or abetted or attempted to commit the

    offence, as the case may be, unless the contrary is proved. Indisputably,

    in present case, the appellant has been prosecuted, inter alia, for offences

    under Sections 5(f)/5(g) punishable under Section 6 and for an offence

    under Section 7 punishable under Section 8 of the POCSO Act. The

    presumption under the Section 29, ibid, was/is, inter alia, that the

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    appellant had committed the offences unless the contrary is proved. In

    other words, the presumption under Section 29 is rebuttable.

    23.2. Perusal of impugned judgment shows that it is premised on the

    basis that the presumption under Section 29 of the Act, ibid, is rebuttable.

    This, to our mind, is in consonance with the language, object and spirit

    of the statute. We, therefore, reject the contention that Learned Trial

    Judge misinterpreted the provisions about presumption contained in

    Section 29 of the POCSO Act, 2012.

    24. It was argued by learned senior counsel for the appellants that for

    determination of the age of the prosecutrix, Learned Trial Court wrongly

    relied upon Jarnail Singh v. State of Haryana3 contending that in the

    said judgment, there was no conscious consideration that the the

    procedure for determination of age of the prosecutix, was the same as

    prescribed in Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of

    Children) Rules, 2007 for the child in conflict with law. We are unable to

    agree to the said contention.

    24.1. Perusal of the judgment in Jarnail Singh (supra) shows that

    having observed that even though Rule 12, ibid, is strictly applicable only

    to determine the age of a child in conflict with law, the Lordships of the

    Apex Court were of the view that the aforesaid statutory provision should

    be the basis for determining the age even for a child who is a victim of

    crime as there is hardly any difference so far as the issue of minority is

    concerned between a child who is in conflict with law and a child who is

    a victim of crime. It is obvious that it was after conscious consideration

    and application of mind that the Hon’ble Apex Court had taken the view

    that the procedure prescribed in Rule 12, ibid, of the Juvenile Justice

    (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 to determine the age of a

    child in conflict with law, should also be the basis for determining the age

    3
    (2013) 7 SCC 263.

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    even for a child who is a victim of crime. We, therefore, reject the

    contention that in the said judgment, there was no conscious

    consideration about the procedure for determination of the age for a child

    who is a victim of crime.

    25. Learned counsel for appellants also submitted that the POCSO Act,

    2015 had come into effect from 01.01.2016 during pendency of the trial

    before the learned Judge, Special Court. Section 94 of the Act, ibid,

    prescribes the procedure. It was contended that in the face of that

    provision under the Act, earlier judgment in Jarnail Singh (supra) for

    adoption of the procedure under Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and

    Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 for determination of age of the

    prosecutrix was not applicable to the case in hand. We are unable to

    accept this contention.

    25.1. For ready reference, Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and

    Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 and Section 94 of Juvenile Justice Act,

    2015 are reproduced below:

    Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules,

    2007

    “12. Procedure to be followed in determination of Age.–

    (1) In every case concerning a child or a juvenile in conflict with law, the Court or the
    Board or as the case may be the Committee referred to in Rule 19 of these rules shall
    determine the age of such juvenile or child or a juvenile in conflict with law within a
    period of thirty days from the date of making of the application for that purpose.
    (2) The Court or the Board or as the case may be the Committee shall decide the juvenility
    or otherwise of the juvenile or the child or as the case may be the juvenile in conflict with
    law, prima facie on the basis of physical appearance or documents, if available, and send
    him to the observation home or in jail.
    (3) In every case concerning a child or juvenile in conflict with law, the age determination
    inquiry shall be conducted by the Court or the Board or, as the case may be, the
    Committee by seeking evidence by obtaining-

    (a) (i) the matriculation or equivalent certificates, if available; and in the absence
    whereof;

    (ii) the date of birth certificate from the school(other than a play school) first attended;
    and in the absence whereof;

    (iii) the birth certificate given by a corporation or a municipal authority or a
    panchayat;

    (b) and only in the absence of either (i), (ii) or (iii) of Clause (a) above, the medical
    opinion will besought from a duly constituted Medical Board, which will declare the
    age of the juvenile or child. In case exact assessment of the age cannot be done, the
    Court or the Board or, as the case maybe, the Committee, for the reasons to be
    recorded by them, may, if considered necessary, give benefit to the child or juvenile
    by considering his/her age on lower side within the margin of one year.

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    and, while passing orders in such case shall, after taking into consideration such
    evidence as may be available, or the medical opinion, as the case may be, record a
    finding in respect of his age and either of the evidence specified in any of the Clauses

    (a) (i), (ii), (iii) or in the absence whereof, Clause (b) shall be the conclusive proof of
    the age as regards such child or the juvenile in conflict with law.
    (4) If the age of a juvenile or child or the juvenile in conflict with law is found to be below
    18 years on the date of offence, on the basis of any of the conclusive proof specified in
    sub-rule (3), the Court or the Boardor as the case may be the Committee shall in writing
    pass an order stating the age and declaring the status of juvenility or otherwise, for the
    purpose of the Act and these rules and a copy of the order shall be given to such juvenile
    or the person concerned.

    (5) Save and except where, further inquiry or otherwise is required, inter alia, in terms
    of Section 7A, Section 64of the Act and these rules, no further inquiry shall be conducted
    by the Court or the Board after examining and obtaining the certificate or any other
    documentary proof referred to in sub-rule (3) of this rule.
    (6) The provisions contained in this rule shall also apply to those disposed off cases,
    where the status of juvenility has not been determined in accordance with the provisions
    contained in sub-rule (3) and the Act, requiring dispensation of the sentence under the
    Act for passing appropriate order in the interest of the juvenile in conflict with law.”

    Section 94 of Juvenile Justice Act, 2015

    “94. Presumption and determination of age-

    (1) Where, it is obvious to the Committee or the Board, based on the appearance
    of the person brought before it under any of the provisions of this Act (other than
    for the purpose of giving evidence) that the said person is a child, the Committee
    or the Board shall record such observation stating the age of the child as nearly
    as may be and proceed with the inquiry under Section 14 or Section 36, as the
    case may be, without waiting for further confirmation of the age.
    (2) In case, the Committee or the Board has reasonable grounds for doubt
    regarding whether the person brought before it is a child or not, the Committee or
    the Board, as the case may be, shall undertake the process of age determination,
    by seeking evidence by obtaining-

    (i) the date of birth certificate from the school, or the matriculation or
    equivalent certificate from the concerned examination Board, if available;
    and in the absence thereof;

    (ii) the birth certificate given by a corporation or a municipal authority or a
    panchayat;

    (iii) and only in the absence of (i) and (ii) above, age shall be determined by
    an ossification test or any other latest medical age determination test
    conducted on the orders of the Committee or the Board:

    Provided such age determination test conducted on the order of the Committee
    or the Board shall be completed within fifteen days from the date of such order.
    (3) The age recorded by the Committee or the Board to be the age of person so
    brought before it shall, for the purpose of this Act, be deemed to be the true age
    of that person.”

    25.2. As would be seen, both of these provisions prescribe the same

    process for determination of the age of the prosecutrix and the only

    difference between both provisions under Section 94(2) of JJ Act, 2015

    and Rule 12 (3) the 2007 Rules, is that under Act, ibid, the School birth

    certificate and the matriculation or equivalent certificates are on equal

    footing, but under Rule 12(3) of the 2007 Rules, the Matriculation

    certificate has priority. Further the rule, ibid, provides the birth certificate

    from school should be from the school other than a play school and that

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    the Matriculation certificate has priority over birth certificate from school.

    In our opinion, the evidentiary value of the Matriculation certificate

    showing date of birth is not diminished, merely because under Section 94

    of the JJ Act, 2015, date of birth certificate from the school has also been

    added thereto. To our mind, in case of their variance, the Court has to

    look into and evaluate the relevant material available on record and

    decide the question of date of birth appropriately.

    25.3. In present case, learned Trial Court referred to the photostat copy

    Ex D/8-A of the entry in the Scholars’ Register of Shri Shankar Mumukshu

    Vidyapeeth, Shahjahanpur produced by the defence showing the victim/s

    date of birth as 06-08-1995. This document (Ex D/8-A) purports to be

    copy of the same entry Ex P/150 which had earlier been produced by the

    prosecution. Their comparison, in our opinion, is quite revealing rather

    disturbing. Ex P/150 only shows that the victim was admitted on

    06.04.1999 to Nursery class of the Vidyapeeth and promoted on

    10.04.2000, with words ‘passed’. Of course, in the line below, against the

    printed letters ‘KG’ (short for Kindergarten) date ’10-04-2000′ was also

    mentioned and nothing more. As against this, Ex D/8-A, produced by the

    defence and purporting to be the Photostat copy of the same entry Ex

    P/150), further mentions about the victim’s admission to KG on

    10.04.2000, promotion on 10.05.2001; admission to class I on 10.5.2001

    and promotion on 26.03.2002. Obviously, some times after the issue of

    Photostat copy Ex P/150 of the entry, the aforesaid additions/ changes

    were made in the Scholars’ Register of Shri Shankar Mumukshu

    Vidyapeeth, for extraneous reasons.

    25.4. Learned Trial Court found that DW-5 Jaya Kamat Principal of the

    Vidyapeeth was unable to explain the various flaws and discrepancies

    about the students’ dates of birth etc. pointed out in School Scholars’

    Register. It then opined that entry Ex D/8A pertaining to the prosecutrix

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    did not inspire confidence and that merely on its basis, disbelieving the

    Marticulation certificate (showing the victim’s date of birth as

    04.07.1997) was not appropriate. Learned Trial Court also observed that

    the relevant record of victim’s admission to class II of Saraswati Shishu

    Mandir, transfer certificate of Shri Pratap Singh Memorial Secondary

    School, Kharkhoda (Haryana), transfer certificate of Sant Shri Asaram

    Gurukul, Chhindwara consistently showed her date of birth as

    04.07.1997. It opined that from class 2 of Saraswati Shishu Mandir to

    class 12 of Sant Shri Asaram Gurukul, the victim’s date of birth was

    recorded as 04.07.1997. Learned Trial Court also observed that Photostat

    of entry Ex P-150 in the Scholars’ Register of Shri Shankar Mumukshu

    Vidyapeeth, Shahjahanpur only shows that the prosecutrix had been

    admitted only to the Nursery class and that in Rule 12(3)(A)(II) of the

    Juvenile Justice (care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007, certificate

    of play school has not been given any recognition.

    25.5. Thus, even by retrospective application of Section 94 (2) of JJ Act,

    2015 and the process prescribed therein for determination of the age of

    the prosecutrix, the result is the same (victim’s date of birth being

    04.07.1997) as it would have been under Rule 12 of the Juvenile Justice

    (care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007.

    25.6. The ratio of judgment in the case of Jarnail Singh (supra) relied

    upon by the learned Trial Court would, therefore, be applicable in the

    instant case also.

    25.7. In Jarnail Singh (supra), it was also held that if, in the scheme of

    options under Rule 12 (3) an option is expressed in the preceding clause,

    it has over-riding effect on the option expressed in the subsequent clause.

    The highest rated option would conclusively determine the age of a minor.

    In the scheme of Rule 12(3), matriculation (or equivalent) certificate of

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    the concerned child is the highest rated option. In case the said certificate

    is available, no other evidence can be relied upon.

    25.8. The view taken in the case of Jarnail Singh (supra) for

    determination of the age of the prosecutrix was also taken in Mahadeo

    v. State of Maharashtra & anr.4, State of Madhya Pradesh v. Anoop

    Singh5 and Vishal Gund @ Aman v. State of Rajasthan6 which have

    also been relied upon by the learned Trial Court.

    25.9. Such being position, we are of the opinion that the

    process/procedure for determination of age of a child victim laid down in

    the case of Jarnail Singh (supra) with reference to Rule 12 of the

    Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 would also

    apply for determination of the age of the prosecutrix even after POCSO

    Act, 2015 had come into effect from 01.01.2016, except for treating the

    birth certificate from school on the footing of matriculation certificate. By

    giving reasons cogent enough, it has been held that even by retrospective

    application of the Act, the result about the age/date of birth of the

    prosecutrix would be the same i.e. it being 04.07.1997

    25.10. We, therefore, reject the contention that in the face of that

    provision under the Act, earlier judgment in Jarnail Singh (supra) for

    adoption of the process/procedure under Rule 12 ofthe Juvenile Justice

    (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007 for determination of age of

    the prosecutrix, was not applicable to the case in hand.

    25.10. Para 125 of impugned judgment shows that in Asha Ram @

    Ashumal vs. State of Rajasthan 7 , an order dated 15.10.2014 was

    passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court allowing the appellant’s prayer for

    summoning of documents in which date of birth of victim was given

    4
    (2013) 14 SCC 637.

    5

    (2015) 7 SCC 773.

    6

    (2013) SCC OnLine Raj 3930.

    7

    SLP (Crl.) No. 3517/2014.

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    differently from what is alleged by the prosecution. Pursuant thereto,

    those documents were produced in defence. The same were duly taken

    into consideration by the learned Trial Court.

    25.11. Learned Trial Court also referred to relevant documents on record,

    from class 2 of Sarswati Shishu Mandir to class 12 of Sant Shri Asa Ram

    Gurukul, including the High School examination certificate of Secondary

    Education Board, Madhya Pradesh produced by the prosecution and found

    that in all of them, the date of birth of the victim is mentioned as

    04.07.1997, thus showing that on 15.08.2013, she was a child (below 18

    years of age).

    25.12. As noticed above, Learned Trial Court also referred to various

    documents produced in defence to show that on the relevant date

    (15.08.2013), the prosecutrix was not less than 18 years.

    25.13. Turning now to the criticism against relevant documents produced

    by the prosecution to prove the age of the prosecutrix, the learned Trial

    Court also observed that in the instant case, the accused persons want

    to convince the Court that the father of the prosecutrix, intentionally,

    years ago wrote the age of his daughter less so that in future, if rape

    would be committed with her, then he can have the accused punished by

    treating her as a child under the provisions of the Protection of Children

    from Sexual Offences Act, 2012. We are of the considered opinion that it

    would be absurd, preposterous and the height of perversity to attribute

    any such motive to the father of the prosecutrix. Any such

    suggestion/attempt has, therefore, to be rejected out of hand.

    25.14. Para 107 of impugned judgment shows that Criminal Revision No.

    514/2014 had been filed by the appellant against an order dated

    08.05.2014 passed by the learned Trial Court dismissing his application

    under Section 34 of the POCSO Act, 2012. Appellant’s revision petition

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    was dismissed vide order dated 15.05.2014 passed by the learned Single

    Judge of this Court. Relevant part thereof is as under:

    “A collective reading of Section 7A of the JJ Act 2000, Section 34 of the POCSO Act, 2012
    and rule 12 of the JJ Rules, 2007 in the light of the law laid down in Jarnail Singh‘s case
    (supra) of the Apex Court, it can be said that when the matriculation or equivalent certificate
    of the prosecutrix has been filed by the prosecution which has not been denied by the
    prosecutrix then no more enquiry is needed under Section 7A of the JJ Act, 2000 and it is
    only during the course of the statement of the prosecutrix, by her cross examination, the
    defence can challenge the age mentioned in her matriculation certificate to be false.”

    The aforesaid finding recorded by the learned Single Judge, is

    nonetheless the finding of this Court. The said order having not been

    challenged has attained finality.

    26. It was also argued rather strenuously that genuineness of the

    Matriculation certificate (of the prosecutrix) had not been proved and yet

    the learned Trial Court wrongly relied upon the same. Again, this

    contention is liable to be rejected.

    26.1. Para 54 of the impugned judgment referring to the testimony of

    PW-35 Nitin Dubey, the then SHO, shows, inter alia, that on 25.08.2013,

    he had gone to the house of victim at Shahjahanpur; when he asked for

    her original Matriculation certificate, the prosecutrix told that she would

    herself need the original for further studies, etc. and when required, she

    will provide the said original certificate. She gave its copy, which was

    compared with the original. The said copy is Ex P-107 and the original

    document (Matriculation certificate) is Ex P-107/A. Learned Trial Court

    rejected the appellants’ objection against production of these documents

    by observing/holding as under:

    “Both the above documents were displayed in the testimony of PW-35 Nitin Dave on
    4-6-2015 and 14-5-2015, respectively, on which the objection was raised that the said
    documents are not related to the witness, hence the said The documents can not be
    displayed in evidence by the said witness.

    In the humble opinion, the said documents have been issued by Madhya Pradesh Board
    of Secondary Education Bhopal, which fall under the category of public documents.
    Therefore, the said documents issued by the said State Institution can be displayed in
    the evidence. Apart from this, both of the above documents had been displayed as
    evidence on 14-7-2015 by PW-33, Vivek Sharma . Therefore, the said baseless
    objection of the defense party is rejected.”

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    26.2. To be noted here that under Section 57 of the Evidence Act, the

    Court shall take judicial notice, inter alia, of all seals which any person is

    authorised to use by the Constitution or an Act or Regulation having the

    force of law in India. Section 56 of the Act, ibid, provides that no fact of

    which the Court will take judicial notice need to be proved. Section 94 of

    the POCSO Act, 2015 does not prescribe any new or additional

    procedure/conditions for admitting into evidence the Matriculation

    certificate issued by the concerned examination Board.

    26.3. In this case, the Matriculation certificate of the prosecutrix Ex P-

    107/P-107A bears the seal of the Board of Secondary Education, Madhya

    Pradesh, Bhopal which is judicially noticeable. This being the position, we

    are unable to accept the contention that the Matriculation Certificate Exh-

    P-107-A (original) of the prosecutrix and its copy Ex P-107 were wrongly

    admitted into evidence and taken into consideration by the learned Trial

    Court.

    26.4. Learned Trial Court also referred to various documents produced

    in defence to show that on the relevant date (15.08.2013), the

    prosecutrix was not less than 18 years. It then took pains to deal with

    them one by one, duly noted their respective infirmities and weak

    evidentiary value, recorded reasons and justification on the basis of which

    the same were not given credence over the documents produced by the

    prosecution. After elaborate discussion and evaluation of evidence led

    and contentions from both sides (from para 107 to 186) in the light of

    relevant law, the learned Trial Court recorded a firm finding in para 187

    of the impugned judgment that the date of birth of the prosecutrix is

    04.07.1997. In other words, she was below 18 years of age at the time

    of commission of the offences.

    26.5. We are of the opinion that the learned Trial Court followed the

    correct course of action for determination of the age of the prosecutrix

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    and rightly believed and accepted the aforesaid evidence led by the

    prosecution showing her date of birth as 04.07.1997. We are inclined to

    agree to the same, uphold the said finding recorded in the impugned

    judgment and reject the contention that learned Trial Judge erred in

    determining the age of prosecutrix.

    27. Having upheld the finding that date of birth prosecutrix was

    04.07.1997, we reject the contention that the provisions of the POCSO

    Act and the JJ Act are not applicable to the case.

    28. Learned Senior Counsel for appellants contended that the record

    negatives the story that the prosecutrix had gone to Haridwar in May,

    2013 in a mixed group of 15-20 students (boys and girls) from the school

    and there she had met appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal, which according

    to him, was the genesis of this case. In this connection, he pointed out

    to the relevant parts of the statement of prosecutrix in her statements

    (original in Hindi – transliterated in English) under Section 161 CrPC and

    during her cross-examination in Court:

    “Statement under Section 161 CrPC :

    “Is se pehle jab maen May-June, 13 mein unke Haridwar Ashram gai thi, tab unhon ne
    kamre me bulakar chhone kee koshish kee, gaal par haath phera par maen ne socha Guru
    haen, Sant haen, bacha maan kar pyar kar rahe haen. ”

    x-x-x-x-x
    Cross-examination in Court:

    “is prakar us samay Haridwar me Bapoo se teen baar mile the. In teenon bar jab mile, tab
    samoohi kroop se mile the. Yeh kehna galt hae ki Haridwar meen ekant mein Bapoo se akele
    milna hua ho. Maen Haridwar mein Bapoo se ekant mein kamre mein nahi milee thee.”

    28.1. We are unable to accept this contention also. The prosecutrix swore

    in the Court that she had gone to Haridwar in 2013 in a mixed group of

    15-20 students (boys and girls) from the school and met appellant Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal there thrice, collectively each time. This testimony could

    not be shaken in cross-examination. Mere want of further evidence for its

    corroboration and/or absence its reference in application for leave Ex P-

    85, document of information about victim’s outside tour Ex P-113,

    handwritten complaint dated 19.08.2013, zero FIR registered at Delhi,

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    NGO report dated 20.08.2013 Ex D-4, victim’s statement under Section

    164 CrPC Ex P-7 and FIR dated 20.08.2013 registered at Jodhpur would

    not, in our opinion, falsify the sworn testimony of the prosecutrix.

    28.2. Further, in our view, unless something untoward/unpleasant had

    happened on that visit to Haridwar when the prosecutrix met appellant

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal there in May, 2013, the same would have no

    material bearing with commission of the offences by the appellants in

    August, 2013, for which the appellants were tried,. It is, therefore,

    inconsequential even if, on this point, there had been some discrepancy

    inter se the statement of the prosecutrix under Section 161 CrPC and her

    deposition during cross-examination in Court, as reproduced above. In

    any case, any such discrepancy would not falsify or give rise to any

    reasonable doubt in the prosecution case at the trial.

    29. Crux of the prosecution case has two parts-

    (a) appellants’ Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra

    had suggested to the parents of the prosecutrix to take her to appellant

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost healing;

    and

    (b) the offences committed on 15.08.2013 by appellant Asha Ram @

    Ashumal in his kutiya at Manai Ashram.

    29.1. Let us delve into these now.

    30. PW-12 Sunita Singh, mother of the prosecutrix, deposed that on

    06.08.2013, there was a missed call from appellant Shilpi on the phone

    of her son Somveer. On being called back, she had said that all members

    of the family should start chanting Maha Mrityunjay Mantra. On

    07.08.2013, she (appellant Shilpi) called again and told her that the

    health of the prosecutrix was very bad and they should come to

    Chhindwara soon. This conversation took place with her and her husband.

    She had also talked to her daughter (proscutrix), which was arranged by

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    appellant Shilpi. Her daughter also had told “health is very bad, the best

    doctor was to be visited, you come soon”. On 08.08.2013, she and her

    husband (PW-21 Karamaveer Singh) reached Chhindwara at about

    08:30/09:00 PM, stayed in the boys’ hostel. Later, they talked to their

    daughter (prosecutrix) who told that her health was bad at that time.

    Next day (09.08.2013), she had met appellant Shilpi in the girls’ hostel.

    She then told in the presence of the prosecutrix that the latter was under

    the influence of evil spirits; she had a talk with Asha Ram (appellant Asha

    Ram) and he had advised that the prosecutrix be brought to him. PW-21

    Karamveer Singh also deposed that on 09.08.2013, they had met Shilpi.

    He corroborated the testimony of his wife (PW-12 Sunita Singh) about

    the conversation with appellant Shilpi. He also deposed that thereafter,

    they had met appellant Sharad Chandra at the Gurkul. He too told that

    Asha Ram (appellant Asha Ram) had desired that the prosecutrix be

    brought to him for ghost healing. PW-5 ‘SU’ (prosecutrix) deposed in the

    same vein.

    31. On what happened after the entry of the prosecutrix into the kutiya

    till her exit, the relevant part of her deposition in Court verbatim

    (translated from Hindi) is as under:

    “12.04.2014…………I was sitting near the staircase, then by beckoning from back side
    door Asha Ram called me. First of all I went to washroom which was near to the said
    room. Thereafter I went inside the room, then Asha Ram asked me to go and see what
    my mother and father were doing. Thereafter, I went there to see them, then I saw that
    father had gone and mother was sitting there. Mother was sitting at the gate of the
    garden. Then I came back and told Asha Ram that mother was sitting and father had
    gone. At that time Asha Ram had already switched off the light of the room, and he was
    resting on the bed. Then he asked me to sit on the bed in his side, then he started
    touching my hand and he was talking to me. He told me ‘what will you do after
    studying, I will make you orator. You may dedicate yourself to me, and you will stay
    with us, I will make your life.’ He was talking, then he stood up and closed the door.
    Thereafter, he started acting foul with me. First of all he took out his clothes, then I
    cried and asked, ‘Asha Ram what are you doing.’
    Note: At this stage the witness started weeping. Therefore the statement of the witness
    was stopped and drinking water was given to her, thereafter she was asked whether or
    not she was in the position to give her statement, then the witness told that she would
    give her statement.

    Then he pressed my mouth. Then he threatened me and told me ‘if you will raise your
    voice then you will see what will do with you. I will get your mother and father
    murdered. Your whole family will disappear, and you will know nothing. Then he
    started molesting me, he was touching my whole body with his hand.

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    He was touching my private part. And he was kissing me and he hugged me. He put
    his hands in my clothes and started molesting me. Then he started pressurizing me to
    touch his private part and suck it. He had kissed at my private part, on my mouth and
    at all the places of my body. I was weeping, and requesting him to let me go. and was
    telling him ‘we consider you as our god, what are you doing?’ Then he continued to
    molest me, and he let me go after about one or one and quarter hour. At the time of
    leaving, he told me ‘don’t tell anyone otherwise you will see.’ He told me ‘set your hair
    and clothes in order; then you may go and don’t tell anything to anyone.’ Then I came
    out from the back door from where I had gone inside. Outside the room, there was
    Baramda in front of the gate where Parkash was sitting.
    Note: At this stage, on behalf of the prosecution adjournment has been sought for
    remaining statement. The same was opposed on behalf of accused persons, and
    submitted that it was only 4.00 O’Clock therefore the examination-in-chief should be
    continued, but the Special Public prosecutor submits that the witness is not in the
    position to continue her examination-in-chief, therefore the time may be allowed.
    Therefore the examination-in-chief of the witness has been deferred.
    Dated: 15.04.2014
    In continuation of 12.04.2014 the examination-in-chief of witness is continued……
    Question: Whatever happened with you inside the Kutiya, how did all those things
    affect you?

    Note: The Ld. Counsel objected vehemently on behalf of accused persons and
    submitted that this question is irrelevant and there is no meaning of this question,
    because the complete incident of inside the room has already been narrated by the
    witness, and thereafter, asking this question is not relevant in accordance to law, while
    it has been submitted on behalf of prosecution that this question is relevant in
    accordance to law.; and this is not a leading question, therefore the permission may
    be given. Both the parties have been heard, the permission of asking question is
    granted.

    Answer: I was shocked with this incident that a person, whom I treated as God, had
    committed such an obnoxious act. He made an attempt to undress me, removed my
    salvaar. I was not able to think.

    When I came out from the room, then my mother was sitting in the garden at the gate.
    Thereafter, I came to the room with my mother…………”.

    32. At 10:30 in the night, the kutiya/room held only two souls. The

    appellant/Asha Ram and the minor victim. The door was shut. The bolt

    was drawn. The lights were extinguished. Within those four walls, in that

    darkness, only they knew what transpired. No third eye witnessed it; no

    third voice could speak to it. In such circumstances, to demand

    corroborative ocular evidence before believing the victim would be to

    demand the impossible. That would be punishing her for the very isolation

    her abuser engineered.

    32.1. And then there is the question that answers itself: why would a

    Asha Ram summon a young girl alone to his room almost in the dead of

    night? The question is not rhetorical. It is damning. Innocence does not

    seek darkness and bolted doors. The intent writes itself across these facts

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    in letters too large to ignore. The facts need no embellishment. They

    speak. Loudly, clearly, and with the force of truth.

    32.2. Since none else other than appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal and the

    prosecutrix was in the kutiya, which had been shut and bolted from inside

    and the lights had been switched off, except the two of them, no one

    could/would know or have known what happened inside the kutiya. The

    version deposed to by the prosecutrix could not, therefore, be discarded

    or doubted for want of ocular corroborative evidence. The lengthy cross-

    examination of PW-5 (prosecutrix), her mother PW-12 and father PW-21

    was conducted on numerous dates. None-the less, their testimony on

    material particulars could not be shaken. The victim’s account, therefore,

    stands unimpeached and cannot be discarded merely for want of

    independent witnesses to a crime committed in deliberate secrecy.

    33. PW-21 Karamvir Singh, his wife PW-12 Sunita Singh and the

    prosecutrix were unanimous in saying that on message from the

    appellant, on the date of occurrence in the evening they had gone to the

    Ashram and met the appellant. After satsang, when other devotees were

    leaving, the appellant had asked them to stay on and follow him towards

    kutiya. On way to kutiya, they were made to sit on the concrete path and

    do jaap. Later, the prosecutrix was asked to do the jaap behind the kutiya

    while her parents were told to continue jaap at the same place i.e. sitting

    on the concrete path. Again this evidence remained unimpeached. In our

    opinion, the same was rightly relied upon by the learned Trial Court.

    34. It was pointed out that since the family of the prosecutrix and she

    herself had met the appellant (Asha Ram @ Ashumal) on 14.08.2013 at

    Manai Ashram, in the normal course, they would have gone back the

    same day. They had no reason to stay on for the night at Manai and meet

    the appellant next day. On that basis, it was contended that story about

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    the incident of 15.08.2013 was doubtful. We are unable to accept this

    contention.

    35. Karamveer Singh father, Sunita Singh mother along with their

    daughter (prosecutrix) had travelled all the way from Shahjahanpur (UP)

    to Manai Ashram in Jodhpur district via Delhi (distance stated to be about

    1600 km) for ghost healing of the prosecutrix by the appellant. No doubt,

    they had reached Manai Ashram (Jodhpur district) and met the appellant

    on 14.08.2013. By travelling the long distance of about 1600 km and

    having reached Manai on 14.08.2013, naturally they (Karamveer Singh,

    Sunita Singh and their daughter) would have been considerably tired and

    in need of rest.

    35.1. That apart, given the purpose of their going to Manai and meeting

    the appellant (solving the problem of ghost haunting of the prosecutrix)

    and the attending circumstances, there seems nothing unusual or

    improbable if they stayed on for the night of 14.08.2013 at Manai, to take

    the much needed rest, avail of opportunity for attending the appellant’s

    satsang next day (on 15.08.2013) too and also seek any further advice

    from him for solving the problem of ghost haunting of the prosecutrix.

    During cross-examination of PW-6 Ranjit Singh resident of Manai, it was

    suggested that during Satsang on 14.08.2015, the appellant (Asha Ram

    @ Ashumal) had asked him to make arrangements for the stay of the

    prosecutrix and her parents. He admitted the suggestion and also stated

    that arrangements asked for their stay were actually made. This

    suggestion on behalf of the appellants and the answer thereto given by

    the witness is a clincher. It shows that the prosecutrix and her parents

    had actually stayed at Manai for the night of 14.08.2013. The prosecutrix

    and her parents were not cross-examined to question or dispute the

    reason of their staying at Manai for the night of 14.08.2013. We are of

    the opinion that in the given facts and circumstances, their stay at Manai

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    for the night of 14.08.2013 was not unjustified and that there is no

    ground to assume that they had done so only to falsely implicate

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for commission of the offences.

    36. Learned counsel for appellants pointed out that at the time of her

    medical examination the prosecutrix on 20.08.2013, her hymen was

    found intact and there was no visible mark of injury on her body. On that

    ground, it was contended version of the prosecutrix qua the happenings

    inside the kutia was suspicious. We are unable to accept the contention.

    37. Learned Trial Court noted that Medical examination on the body of

    the prosecutrix (on 20.08.2013) revealed that her hymen was intact and

    no external injury was present. Having noted these facts, the learned

    Trial Court further observed that victim had not given any statement that

    anything was put in her private parts and that she had only said that her

    private part was kissed by the appellant (Asha Ram @ Ashumal) and he

    tried to get his private part sucked by her.

    38. Admittedly, there were/are no allegations of inflicting/causing of

    any bodily injury by the appellant to the prosecutrix or that there was

    any forcible penetration of the penis into her vagina. In such

    circumstances, the deposition of the prosecutrix about commission of the

    offences on 15.08.2013 by the appellant cannot be discarded merely

    because at the time of her medical examination on 20.08.2013, her

    hymen was found intact and there was no visible mark of injury on her

    body. The contention to that effect is, therefore, rejected.

    39. It was contended that no scientific or FSL test was conducted by

    the prosecution, no FSL and technical team summoned to inspect for DNA

    analysis of the scene of crime. The prosecution story was, therefore, not

    free from suspicion. This contention is equally untenable. The offences

    had been committed on 15.08.2013. Following receipt of zero FIR from

    PS Kamla Nagar, Delhi, regular FIR No.122/13 of the case was registered

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    at Police Station (West) Jodhpur on 21.08.2013. Police investigation of

    the case commenced thereafter. Considering the manner of commission

    offences and the time gap of 6 days upto commencement of investigation

    (which stood explained, as already held above), and peculiar facts and

    circumstances of the case, after a time gap of 6 days of commission

    offences and following commencement (on 21.08.2013) of investigation,

    any subsequent scientific or FSL test and/or DNA analysis of the scene of

    crime, was unlikely to serve any useful purpose. In such circumstances,

    we are of the opinion that want of any such test/analysis did not make

    any dent in the prosecution case. Accordingly, we repel the contention

    that for want of any scientific or FSL test, the prosecution story was not

    free from suspicion.

    40. Learned senior counsel for appellants pointed out several

    inconsistencies /discrepancies as below:

    (a) inter se versions of the prosecutrix at various stages- report of

    the incident lodged with the police, zero FIR lodged at Delhi, NGO

    report, her statement recorded under Section 164 CrPC and the FIR

    lodged at Jodhpur vis-à-vis the deposition of the prosecutrix in

    Court;

    (b) discrepancies inter se the statements of PWs Sunita Singh and

    Karamvir Singh, their own statements to the police under Section

    161 CrPC and the deposition in Court. Furthermore, several

    discrepancies inter se the depositions of prosecutrix, PWs Sunita

    Singh and Karamvir Singh in the Court were also pointed out.

    Basis above, it was contended that the prosecution story was

    rendered highly doubtful. We are unable to accept the contentions.

    41. To test the above argument, let us dive a little deeper by seeing the

    relevant testimony. Following are the inconsistencies and discrepancies

    pointed out by Learned senior counsel for appellants:

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    A. PW5/’Su’-prosecutrix:

    Handwritten Statement under Statement under Deposition of the
    Complaint dated Section 164 Section 161 Prosecutrix
    19.08.2013 CrPC dated CrPC dated (PW-5) dated
    (@Pg. 1, CC-A) 20.08.2013 21.08.2013 11.04.2014
    (@Pg.32-33, CC- (@Pg.40-41, (@Pg.59, CC-A)
    A) CC-A)
    On the night of 8-8- Then on 8th August On 8/8/13, my Then on 8th August,
    13, between 10 to 11, 2013, my parents parents came to my father and
    my mother-father reached there at Chhindwara Ashram mother had come to
    reached Gurukul, I night. They were but were not allowed Chhindwara and
    had spoken to them accommodated in to meet me. I only stayed in the boys’
    on phone. On the the school, and I was spoke to my father hostel. That day they
    morning of 9-8-13, in the girls’ hostel. In through Vidya’s did not meet me.

    my mother-father the evening, Shilpi mobile. On the They met me the
    came to take me made me talk to my morning of 9/8/13, next day, i.e., on the
    from the Girls parents over the between 9 and 9:30, morning of 9th
    Hostel. Then they phone. Then the next I met my parents, August. My parents
    spoke to “Shilpi”. day, my parents and then Shilpi told had reached
    Shilpi said that there came to the girls’ them that I was Chhindwara on the
    is a shadow of hostel to take me. under the shadow of night of 8th August.
    ghosts-spirits over Then Shilpi didi told a ghost and that When my parents
    Supriya, regarding my parents that I was Asha Ram had came to meet me,
    which we have under the shadow of called us. She said they met Shilpi didi
    informed Asha Ram spirits, and this was we have to go in her office on the
    and he has called conveyed to Asha wherever Asha Ram same day, i.e., the
    Supriya. Shilpi said Ram Asha Ramji, is. She tried to find 9th. I was also there
    wherever Asha Ram and he had called out about Asha Ram, with them at that
    is, take her to him me. but could not get any time. Then Shilpi
    quickly. information. Then didi told my parents
    my father asked the that I was under the
    director, who said shadow of spirits
    that Asha Ram and that she had
    would be in Delhi on spoken to Asha Ram,
    the 12th-13th. That and that they should
    day, around 11- take me to him
    11:30, we left immediately, as he
    Chhindwara Ashram had called, and that
    for our home in there was no need to
    Azizganj. go anywhere else.

    Then my mother,
    father, and I went to
    my school. Then my
    father met Sharad
    sir. He told my father
    that I was under the
    shadow of spirits,
    and that they had
    spoken to Asha Ram,
    that he had called,
    and that I should not
    be taken anywhere
    else. Then my father
    asked Sharad sir
    where Asha Ram
    was, and he said to
    talk to Shiva, he will
    tell where Asha Ram

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    is, because he knows
    about Asha Ram’s
    satsang. Then we left
    Chhindwara on 9th
    August.

    Date: 09.08.2013

    On 9-8-13, I reached Then on 8 August On the morning of On the morning of
    my home 2013, my parents 9/8/13, between 9 9/8/13, between 9
    Shahjahanpur. Then reached there at and 9:30, I met my and 9:30, I met my
    father found out night. They were parents. Then Shilpi parents. Then Shilpi
    where Asha Ram is, accommodated in told them that there told them that there
    and that he will come the school and I was is a shadow of a is a shadow of a
    to Delhi on 12-8-13 in the girls’ hostel. In ghost on me and ghost on me and
    the evening, Shilpi Asha Ram has called Asha Ram has called
    made me talk to my us. You have to go us. You have to go to
    parents on the phone. where Asha Ram is. where Asha Ram is.
    Then the next day, She tried to find out She tried to find out
    my parents came to about Asha Ram, but about Asha Ram, but
    the girls’ hostel to could not find out. could not find out.
    take me. Then Shilpi Then father asked Then father asked
    didi told my parents the director and the director and
    that there is a found out that Asha found out that Asha
    shadow of spirits on Ram will be in Delhi Ram will be in Delhi
    me and this was told on 12-13. That day, on 12-13. That day,
    to Asha Ram Asha around 11-11:30, we around 11-11:30, we
    Ramji and he had left the ashram in left the ashram in
    called me. Chhindwara for our Chhindwara for our
    home in Azizganj. home in Azizganj.

    10.08.2013

    On 9-8-13, I reached Then my parents Then my parents We reached home
    my home took me home. My took me home next morning.

     Shahjahanpur. Then      parents talked on the
     father found out        phone to a servant of
     where Asha Ram is,      Asaram Asha Ram
     and found out that he   named Shiva, and he
     will come to Delhi      told that Asaram
     on 12-8-13.             Asha Ram is going
                             to come to Delhi on
                             12 August 2013.
    
                                    11.08.2013 to 13.08.2013
    
    
    
    
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     Then father found       Then we came to          My parents talked        The next day, father
     out where Asha Ram      Delhi. Asha Ramji        on the phone to a        asked Shiva on the
     is, and found out       was not in Delhi.        servant of Asaram        phone about Asha
     that he will come to    Then my father           Asha Ram named           Ram. Shiva is a
     Delhi on 12-8-13.       talked to Shiva, who     Shiva, and he told       servant of Asha
     When we reached         called us to Jodhpur.    that Asaram Asha         Ramji, who stays
     Delhi on 13-8-13,                                Ram is going to          with Asha Ramji.
     we found out that he                             come to Delhi on 12      He knows where
     is in Jodhpur                                    August 2013.             Asha Ram is. My
     (Rajasthan). Then                                                         father has talked to
     Shiva, who stays in                                                       him before as well. I
     the service of Asha                                                       also know him. Last
     Ram, told us, 'You                                                        year, in May-June,
     come to Jodhpur                                                           we girls went from
     quickly.                                                                  Gurukul to meet
                                                                               Asha Ram at
                                                                               Haridwar Ashram,
                                                                               and I had talked to
                                                                               him then as well.
                                                                               Shiva told us that
                                                                               Asha Ram will be in
                                                                               Delhi on 12-13.
    
                                             14.08.2013
    
     On 14-8-13, we          A little ahead of a      ...On the morning of       And on the morning
     reached near Manai      village named Manai      14, we reached           of 14 August, we
     village ahead of        in Jodhpur, there is     Jodhpur. Got ready       reached      Jodhpur.
     Jodhpur, where Asha     Asha         Ramji's     in the railway station   Mommy, Daddy, and
     Ram had come.           cottage where he         waiting         room.    I were all together.
     When I reached          was staying.             Father talked to         On 14 August, we
     there, the gate was                              Shiva, then he told      reached       Jodhpur
     closed and all the                               that here in Manai is    around 10:30-11 in
     sadhaks         were                             Asha          Ramji's    the morning. Then
     standing     outside.                            cottage, and he          father talked to
     Then father talked to                            himself noted down       Shiva on the phone
     Shiva on the phone,                              the address of Asha      and asked where
     and he opened the                                Ramji's      cottages.   Asha Ram is, and
     gate.                                            We talked to an auto     Shiva explained the
                                                      driver, but he didn't    full address of Asha
                                                      know any address,        Ram to father. Then
                                                      then we made an          we reached Manai
                                                      auto driver talk to      Ashram by auto, as
                                                      Shiva, and Shiva         told by Shiva. We
                                                      explained          the   reached         Manai
                                                      address to him. We       Ashram around 2-
                                                      came to Manai from       2:30      in      the
                                                      him. Manai was           afternoon. The outer
                                                      about 30-35 KM           gate    of      Manai
                                                      from Jodhpur, it         Ashram was closed
                                                      took 1-1:30 hours to     and about ten to
                                                      reach. We reached        fifteen people were
                                                      the given address,       waiting at the gate.
                                                      which was like a big     Then father called
                                                      farmhouse with a         Shiva and told him
                                                      lock on the gate. We     that we have reached
                                                      were not allowed         here, but the gate is
                                                      inside, then we made     closed. Then Shiva
                                                      the gatekeeper talk      said that he will get
    
    
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                                                       to Shiva on the        the gate opened.
                                                       phone, then we were    After a little while,
                                                       allowed to come        the gate was opened,
                                                       inside.                and we went inside.
    
    
    
    
    

    B. The discrepancies pointed out in versions of PW 12 Sunita Singh

    and PW 21 Karamveer Singh in their police statement under Section

    161 CrPC and the depositions in Court are on following points:-

    Statement of Evidence of PW- Statement of Evidence of PW-

    PW-12 (Mother) 12      (@Pg.165-                  PW-21 (Father) 21 (@Pg.256-258,
    under    Section 168, CC-A)                       u/S.161, CrPC CC-A)
    161 CrPC dated                                    (@Pg.244-245,
    21.08.2013                                        CC-A)
    (Pg.152-153, CC-
    A)
                                         Date: 09.08.2013
    The next day in the      Then, on 8th August,     On 8/8/13, my wife      Then, on the next day,
    morning, we left for     at around 4:30 AM,       and I departed by car   8th August 2013, my
    Gurukul Chhindwara       the two of us            from Shahjahanpur       wife and I departed
    and reached around       departed           for   and          reached    by       car      from
    8:00 in the evening.     Chhindwara, and we       Chhindwara Ashram       Shahjahanpur         to
    We did not meet          reached Chhindwara       at around 9:00 AM.      Chhindwara.         We
    Supriya; spoke to her    at around 8:30-9:00      We stayed at the        reached Chhindwara
    on the phone, and she    PM. In Chhindwara,       Gurukul, and from       at around 9:00 PM
    said that she had felt   we went directly to      there    spoke     to   that day. At the
    dizzy, but now she       the boys' hostel. We     Supriya over the        Gurukul gate in
    was fine. We stayed      stayed at the boys'      phone. She said that    Chhindwara,         we
    at the Gurukul;          hostel that night. On    nothing          had    inquired about our
    Supriya was in the       the same day, my         happened, just that     daughter, and they
    hostel, which was 6-     husband and I spoke      she had felt a little   said they would
    7 km away from           to our daughter,         dizzy, but she was      arrange               a
    there.      In     the   which happened at        now fine. At night,     conversation. Around
    morning, we met          around 10:30 PM.         we did not meet         10:00 PM, they
    Supriya, it was          Then, from there,        Supriya. We stayed      allowed us to speak to
    probably on 8/8/13.      when I inquired          at the Gurukul, while   our daughter on the
    Shilpi told us that      about my daughter's      Supriya's hostel was    phone. On the phone,
    Supriya was under        health at the boys'      6-7 km away.            our daughter said that
    the shadow of spirits.   hostel, they arranged    On 9/8/13, my wife      she had felt dizzy and
    This matter is known     for us to speak to our   and I went to meet      had fallen, but now
    to Asha Ram, and we      daughter. When we        Supriya. We met her     she was fine. We then
    have to take Supriya     asked our daughter       at around 8:30-9:00     told her that we
    to meet Asha Ram.        over the phone about     AM. Shilpi informed     would come in the
    My            husband,   her health, she said     us that "there is a     morning,      as    we
    Karmveerji, inquired     she was fine. We then    shadow of spirits in    would not be allowed
    about Asha Ram, and      said that we would       the hostel, and the     to meet her that night.
    Supriya's       school   not let her come         same shadow has         We stayed at the
    director told him that   immediately and that     also     come      on   boys' hostel there.
    he might go to Delhi     we would come in         Supriya. That is why    The next morning, we
    on the 12th-13th.        the morning.             Supriya      became     went to the girls'
    That day, we took        The next morning, I      dizzy and fell in the   hostel. There, we met
    Shilpa       (Supriya)   went to the girls'       bathroom. Asha Ram      Shilpi, and we asked
    along and returned to    hostel, which was on     has been informed       her      about      our
    
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    Shahjahanpur. We        9th August. There, I      about her condition.     daughter. Shilpi said
    left our son so that    first met Shilpi,         He has told her a        that our daughter had
    his studies would not   inside the girls'         mantra to chant and      felt dizzy and fallen,
    be affected.            hostel. I asked her       has     called    her    but she was now fine,
                            about our daughter's      immediately."            and she would call
                            health, and she said      After that, I met the    her.      Then      our
                            that she was fine and     hostel       director,   daughter came there.
                            that she would also       Sharad, who told me      Shilpi said that there
                            arrange for us to         that "Asha Ram has       is a shadow of spirits
                            speak to her, and that    called you to meet       in the hostel, and the
                            we should sit. Then       him along with your      same shadow had
                            Shilpi said that our      family." Then, we        come upon Supriya,
                            daughter was under        took Supriya with us     which was why she
                            the shadow of spirits.    and departed for         had become dizzy
                            At that time, our         home.                    and fallen in the
                            daughter was also                                  bathroom.
                            there. She had come                                My wife asked Shilpi
                            there.                                             how she knew that
                            I asked Shilpi how                                 our daughter was
                            she knew that our                                  under the shadow of
                            daughter was under                                 spirits. Shilpi said
                            the shadow of spirits.                             that there is a girl
                            Shilpi said that there                             named Bhavya, who
                            was a girl named                                   also       experiences
                            Bhavya, in whom                                    spirits, and that girl
                            spirits come, and she                              had said that Supriya
                            had said that our                                  was       under     the
                            daughter was under                                 shadow of spirits.
                            the shadow of spirits.                             Shilpi said that they
                            Shilpi also said that                              had spoken to Asha
                            they had spoken to                                 Ram, informed him,
                            Asha Ram, that he                                  and that Asha Ram
                            had called, and that                               had given a mantra,
                            we      should     take                            and by the effect of
                            Supriya to wherever                                that mantra, our
                            Asha Ram was. She                                  daughter was now
                            also said not to take                              fine. Shilpi also said
                            her anywhere else,                                 that Asha Ram had
                            only to Asha Ram.                                  instructed         that
                            The      director    of                            Supriya should be
                            Gurukul              in                            sent to her, and that
                            Chhindwara         was                             there was no need to
                            Sharad Chandra. I                                  take her anywhere
                            did not meet him. My                               else or show her
                            husband met him.                                   anywhere; Asha Ram
                            When my husband                                    had already been
                            met Sharad Chandra,                                informed.
                            my daughter and I                                  We then asked where
                            were outside the                                   we could meet Asha
                            room. My husband's                                 Ram, and Shilpi said
                            meeting with Sharad                                that Sharad sir would
                            Chandra was on                                     tell us. We went to the
                            09/08/2013.                                        Gurukul and met
                            After meeting him on                               Sharad sir. Sharad is
                            9th August, at around                              the director of the
                            9:30-10:00 AM, my                                  Gurukul. I know
                            husband,            my                             Sharad,      who      is
                            daughter,      and    I                            present in Court.
                            departed          from                             Sharad told us that
                            Chhindwara           to                            our daughter was
                            Shahjahanpur. My                                   under the shadow of
    
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                            husband told me that                              spirits and that Asha
                            Sharad Chandra had                                Ram had called us to
                            told him that Asha                                meet him along with
                            Ram would be in                                   our family. We asked
                            Delhi on 12th or 13th                             Sharad where we
                            August, and that we                               could meet Asha
                            could meet him                                    Ram, and he said that
                            there, that they had                              he would probably be
                            already spoken to                                 in Delhi on the 12th
                            him, and that our                                 or 13th, and for the
                            daughter was under                                rest, Shiva would
                            the shadow of spirits.                            inform us.
                                                                              Then       we     left
                                                                              Chhindwara        and
                                                                              departed for our
                                                                              home                in
                                                                              Shahjahanpur.
    
                                         Date:10.08.2013
    The next day after      We     went     from We reached home on           After coming to our
    we reached home,        Chhindwara         to 10.8.2013                   home, we spoke to
    my husband inquired     Shahjahanpur                                      Shiva, and Shiva told
    about Asha Ram          because we had to                                 us that on 12th
    from Shiva, who is      prepare to go to                                  August 2013, they
    Asha Ram's main         Delhi, take clothes,                              will come to the
    servant, and he told    and money, etc.                                   Rajokri Ashram in
    us that Asha Ram                                                          Delhi and asked us to
    would come to the                                                         reach there.
    Ashram in Delhi
    
                                   11.08.2013 to 13.08.2013
    Then we departed for    In Shahjahanpur, in      On 11/8/13, after        Then we spoke to
    Delhi. After reaching   front of me, my          conversation     with    Shiva     again    on
    Delhi, my husband       husband spoke to         Asha Ram's servant       11/8/2013 to confirm,
    called Shiva from the   Shiva, and he had        Shiva, he asked us to    and Shiva said to
    station, and he told    told us that Asha        reach the Rajokri        come to Delhi. On the
    us that Asha Ram's      Ram would come to        Ashram in Delhi on       night of 11th August,
    mood had changed,       Delhi on the 12th-       12/8/13. On the          my wife, daughter,
    and he is in Jodhpur.   13th. My husband         morning of 12/8,         and I departed and
    That day we stayed      had this conversation    after reaching Delhi,    reached Delhi on 12th
    in Delhi at my sister   with Shiva on 11th       we contacted Shiva       August.         After
    Babita's place, and     August. We departed      from the station, and    reaching Delhi, we
    the     next     day,   from Shahjahanpur        he informed us that      spoke to Shiva, and
    probably on the 13th,   for Delhi on 11th        Asha Ram was in          Shiva informed us
    we departed from        August at around         Jodhpur. Then, on        that Asha Ram was in
    Delhi by train.         10:30-11:00 PM. We       13/8,              we    Jodhpur and that we
                            reached Delhi on the     immediately made a       should     come    to
                            morning of 12th          sleeper reservation in   Jodhpur. I know
                            August. That day, we     the Mandor Express       Shiva, who is present
                            tried to find out        from Delhi.              in Court today.
                            which Ashram Asha                                 Then we asked Shiva
                            Ram was in, but we                                how we could reach
                            could not find out.                               Jodhpur, and Shiva
                            Therefore, we spoke                               said to come by
                            to Shiva again. My                                Mandor Express or
                            husband then told me                              Jaisalmer Express.
                            that he had spoken to                             We could not get a
                            Shiva and asked him                               reservation for the
                            where Asha Ram                                    12th, so we booked
    
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                             was, and Shiva told                               tickets for the 13th of
                             him that Asha Ram                                 August.
                             was in Jodhpur and
                             said to come quickly.
                             I was present when
                             my husband spoke to
                             Shiva.
                             On 13th August, we
                             did not get a
                             reservation, and they
                             said       that      a
                             reservation was not
                             available on 12th
                             August either, so that
                             day we stayed at my
                             sister's place. Then,
                             on the night of 13th
                             August, we departed
                             from     Delhi     for
                             Jodhpur.
    
                                             14.08.2013
    On the morning of        On the morning of        On the morning of        And on 14th August,
    the 14th, we reached     14th August, we          14/8/13, we reached      we reached Jodhpur
    Jodhpur station. My      reached Jodhpur at       Jodhpur station. At      and arrived at the
    husband Karmveer,        around 10:30-11:00       Jodhpur station, we      railway station. When
    Supriya, and I were      AM. Then we went         spoke to Shiva, and      we      reached     the
    all together. We got     to the waiting room,     he gave us the           railway station, Shiva
    ready in the railway     bathed, and did other    address of the Manai     called and asked
    station waiting room.    preparations. Then       Kutia. We asked the      where we were, and
    My husband asked         my husband spoke to      auto drivers, but all    we told him that we
    Shiva     for Asha       Shiva, and Shiva         of them refused to       had reached Jodhpur
    Ram's whereabouts        informed us that         tell us the way to the   railway station. Then,
    over the phone, and      Asha Ram was in a        Kutia. Then Shiva        after freshening up at
    he told us that he was   village called Manai     arranged for an auto     Jodhpur        railway
    in Manai for solitary    and told us to come      driver, who took us      station, we asked the
    retreat. We spoke to     there. Then we went      to Manai in about ¾-     way to Manai, but no
    the auto drivers on      to Manai village by      1 hour. When we          one was willing to tell
    Shiva's instruction,     auto. My daughter,       reached the Ashram       us. Then we asked
    and then they took us    my husband, and I all    in Manai, the main       Shiva and inquired
    to Manai. At the         went together.           iron gate of the         about the way to
    main gate of the         When we reached          Ashram was closed.       Manai. Shiva spoke
    Ashram in Manai,         there, the main gate     We waited outside        to the auto driver.
    there was a lock. At     of the farm was          for a little while,      Shiva had given the
    first, we waited, and    closed. Then my          then, through Shiva,     address of Manai.
    then my husband          husband tried to get     we      arranged     a   Then, when Shiva
    spoke to Shiva, and      the gate opened after    conversation at the      explained the route to
    on his instruction, we   seeing it, but there     gate over the phone,     the auto driver, we
    went inside to meet      was no one there, so     and after that, we       went to Manai by
    Asha Ram Ji.             my husband spoke to      were allowed to          auto.
                             Shiva again. After       enter.                   In Manai, there was a
                             speaking to Shiva,                                large farm from the
                             the gate was opened.                              Ashram. When we
                             I do not remember                                 reached there, we
                             who came to open                                  realized that Asha
                             the gate. After the                               Ram's Ashram was
                             gate was opened, we                               here. There was a
                             went inside.                                      large iron gate, which
                                                                               was closed. Since the
                                                                               gate was closed, we
    
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                                                                                   spoke to Shiva, and
                                                                                   Shiva got the gate
                                                                                   opened.         The
                                                                                   conversation   with
                                                                                   Shiva was over the
                                                                                   phone.
    
    
    
    

    42. In light of the above testimonies, adverting to ‘Exhibit D-04 NGO

    Report’, the learned Trial Court observed/held (in Para 102 of the

    impugned judgment) as under :-

    “Aforesaid document was exhibited in the cross-examination during the evidence of P.W-
    5 “S” on 22-5-2014 by defendants. Regarding this document, the prosecution has been
    objecting that as said document does not fall under the category of previous statements, it
    cannot be used to confront with the witness. The defendants are of opinion that as the said
    report was inscribed according to witness statements, this report falls under category of
    previous statements by Section 145 of The Evidence Act.

    I have carefully considered both the parties. Said document is report sent to Police Officer,
    Kamla Market Station, New Delhi; by Kiran Jha Thakur and is not statement of the victim.
    P.W-7 Kiran Jha Thakur in her testimony before the Court has stated that, as victim kept
    sharing her statements, she took whatever seemed relevant as judged by herself and wrote
    down this report in her own language. She mentions submitting brief report. In this
    situation, report exhibit D-04 cannot be stated as previous statement of the victim. Because
    neither does it contain all facts as conveyed by victim to Kiran Jha Thakur and nor is in
    victim’s own language. So, objection is accepted.”

    To the similar effect are the observations/findings re-iterated in

    para 349 of the impugned judgment. We are inclined to agree with the

    view taken by the learned trial Court. The said NGO report Ex D-4 had

    been prepared by Ms Kiran Jha Thakur, was a sort of counseling report.

    It was not even signed by the prosecutrix. The same cannot be treated

    as the latter’s statement and relied upon to prove its inconsistency with

    any other statement of prosecutrix.

    43. As regards the recording of statement of the prosecutrix under

    Section 164 CrPC Ex. P/7 by the learned Metropolitan Magistrate, New

    Delhi, leaves much to be desired. At the start of her statement Ex P/7

    under Section 164 CrPC, the prosecutrix had stated her age as 16 years.

    The case had been registered, inter alia, under Sections 375/376 IPC.

    She was the victim of the offences which were quite grave in nature. In

    such situation, recording of her statement under the Section, ibid,

    required extra objectivity, sensitivity, care and attention.

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    43.1. The offence of rape defined in Section 375 IPC and punishable

    under Section 376 IPC is attracted if the offender applies his mouth to

    the vagina, anus, urethra of a woman or makes her to do so with him or

    any other person. As against this, the act kissing elsewhere on the body

    does not attract the said offence, but constitutes different and lesser

    degree offence. While recording the Statement of prosecutrix, the learned

    Magistrate ought to have been alive to this clear legal distinction between

    application of offenders mouth to (kissing) the vagina, anus, urethra of a

    woman, which attracted Sections 375/376 IPC and kissing simplicitor

    which constituted other lower degree offence.

    43.2. The prosecutrix, in the course recording of this statement, had also

    stated that the appellant was kissing her repeatedly and it was after one

    to one plus half hours, that he had left her. She had not specified which

    part/s of the her body had been kissed by him. Considering that the FIR

    had been lodged, inter alia, under Sections 375/376 IPC, it would make

    a world of difference to the case depending on whether the victim was

    also kissed on her vagina, anus, urethra, which attracted Sections

    375/376 IPC or it was kissing simplicitor on other parts of the body, which

    would not attract the said offences. The prosecutrix – a young child, was

    unlikely to know of the distinction in law between kissing of specific parts

    of body and the different consequences.

    43.3. Such being the situation, we are of the opinion that before

    concluding her statement, the learned Magistrate was expected to clear

    the position about this material fact by himself questioning the

    prosecutrix as to which specific part/s of her body had been kissed; and

    depending upon her answer, to elicit further clarification appropriately, if

    necessary. That was not done. The omission, in our opinion, was quite

    significant which substantially and materially diminished the sanctity and

    considerably reduced the evidentiary value and worth of the statement

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    Ex P/7 under Section 164 CrPC as recorded. Intrinsic reliance cannot,

    therefore, be placed on it to contradict the sworn testimony of the

    prosecutrix in Court to the effect that the appellant had, inter alia,

    disrobed her and kissed her vagina.

    43.4. To be noted here that in cross-examination on 12.06.2014, the

    prosecutrix, no doubt, admitted that in her statement Ex P/7 (under

    Section 164 CrPC) before the Learned Magistrate, the fact of kissing on

    her private part was not recorded, but had volunteered to state that it

    had been recorded that the appellant (Asha Ram @ Ashumal) had

    molested her forcibly for about one to one plus half hours, he was kissing

    and hugging her and that she thought that ‘kissing every where’ included

    ‘kissing of vagina’. On this point she was not cross-examined further.

    44. Coming now to the initial handwritten report Ex. P/4 submitted by

    the prosecutrix to Delhi Police. On a careful perusal of the document, it

    is clear to the naked eye that therein, initially the prosecutrix had written

    the relevant text thus- “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaare” – “उसनe

    ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारeI.”- Thereafter, firstly by overwriting, the word “utaare”

    उतारe was changed to “utaarne” उतारनe; secondly by drawing a horizontal line

    across the overwritten word “utaarne” उतारनe was struck off. Thereafter,

    the word “utaarne” उतारनe was re-written. With this change, the formation

    of the sentence became- “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaarne laga”.-

    “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारनe लगा .”- Thus, by over-writing, striking off and then

    re-writing, the initially written text “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारe” (us ne mere

    kapde utaare ) was changed to “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारनe लगा “- “Us ne

    zabardasti mere kapde utaarne laga”.

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    44.1. Obviously, this formation of the sentence in Hindi language is

    grammatically wrong.

    44.2. To be noted that the appellant (Asha Ram @ Ashumal ) was a

    known religious guru and had mass following. The family of the

    prosecutrix and she herself were his longtime staunch devotees. The

    appellant was a young girl aged 16 years. Offences committed on

    15.08.2013 by the appellant would have stunned the prosecutrix, caused

    grave mental pain, shock and trauma to her. After tiring road journey

    from Shahjahanpur with her parents, the prosecutrix had arrived at Delhi

    late in the evening of 19.08.2013. They reached Police Station, Kamla

    Nagar at about 11:30 pm. There, on being referred by the duty officer to

    ASI Pushp Lata, they had met her. The prosecutrix orally interacted with

    her about the incident, after which the latter asked her to write and give

    her report writing. At the police station itself, the prosecutrix then wrote

    the fairly lengthy report Ex. P-4. After completion, she gave it to PW-1

    Pushplata ASI. The latter wrote the date 20.08.2013 signifying it’s

    submission to and receipt by her.

    44.3. The facts and circumstances show that while writing the report Ex.

    P-4 in the dead of night (between 19.08.2013 and 20.08.2013), the

    prosecutrix would be quite tired and fatigued and would not have yet

    overcome her mental pain, trauma, shock, stress and confusion because

    of the offences committed by the appellant. She would also have been

    quite worried about her own and family’s honour, safety and her

    reputation and future life. The prosecutrix would not have been in calm,

    composed, stable and strong state of mind and perhaps had not gathered

    sufficient courage, confidence and strength to stand up to the appellant.

    44.4. In our opinion, all these factors weighed heavily on the mind of the

    prosecutrix and had contributed to her predicament, confusion and

    dilemma at the time of writing the police report. Fear for her own and the

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    family’s future, honour, image, safety and security was in her mind.

    Despite all that, somehow, initially the prosecutrix gathered some

    courage and confidence and wrote in report Ex P-4 that “Us ne zabardasti

    mere kapde utaare”. Immediately after writing this, on sudden flashback,

    it seems that her courage and confidence partly gave way to the fear

    persisting in the mind for her own and the family’s future, honour, safety

    and security. She then changed the said text to “Us ne zabardasti mere

    kapde utaarne laga” hoping that the change would reduce the risk to her

    own and the family’s honour, image, safety and security. As already

    noted, this formation of the sentence in Hindi language is grammatically

    wrong.

    46. A famous Urdu couplet here-

    “क़र4ब ह6 यारो रोज़e महशर, छuपeगा कu<o का ख?न @o कर;

    जो चuप रहeग* ज़बानe खCजर, लD पuकारeगा आ)F काI

    -अम*रम*नाई”

    47. Translated in English it means –

    “The day of judgment is approaching, murder of the innocent would not remain hidden;

    Even if the dagger (metaphor for the offender and witnesses) remain mum, blood from the

    sleeve will cry out (reveal the offence) “.

    Idea conveyed is that crime will not go unnoticed, ultimately the truth is

    bound to come out in one or the other way.

    Excellent combination of poetry and juristic vision !!

    48. In such circumstances, we are of the opinion that the initial and

    earliest version of the prosecutrix written in her police report Ex P/4 was

    that the appellant had forcibly disrobed her “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde

    utaare”. However, immediately after its writing, on a sudden flash back

    in the circumstances and for the reasons as noted above, this version

    was changed to “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaarne laga” hoping that

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    the change would reduce the risk to her own and the family’s future,

    honour, image, safety and security.

    48.1. One ought to be mindful that the plight of a rape victim is not

    confined to the physical violation alone; it is a profound assault on dignity,

    identity, and self-worth. The abhorrent nature of the offence is such that

    when the honour of a young girl/woman is torn apart, she is left grappling

    not only with trauma, but with an overwhelming sense of shame imposed

    by society. Her self-esteem is shattered. She must endure the silent

    cruelty of insinuating glances and prying eyes that seem to brand her as

    “the one”. It is this suffocating stigma, this fear of judgment, whisper,

    and social ostracism, that compels many survivors to retreat into silence.

    Rather than risk being scrutinized, doubted, or diminished, they conceal

    their suffering, even when doing so means allowing the perpetrator to

    escape accountability.

    48.2. In the case in hand, a child who, along with her parents, did not

    merely trust the man, whom they worshiped as a Godman, but she

    consecrated that trust. She came to him not as a stranger, but as a

    disciple. She came with folded hands, not knowing that the very sanctum

    she sought refuge in had become a predator’s lair. How to fight such a

    powerful man, it required lot of self-persuasion and courage and

    overcoming of the fears. This is the mindset she was grappling with.

    49. In this backdrop, there was no significant gap of time between

    submission of police report Ex P/4 (as changed) and the recording of zero

    FIR registered at Police Station, Kamala Nagar, Delhi, submission of NGO

    report, recording of the statement under 164 CrPC and the subsequent

    lodging of the FIR registered at jurisdictional Police Station, Jodhpur. The

    prosecutrix would have been still under shock, stress, fear, worry and

    anxiety at the time of their recording. Besides, at the relevant time, she

    would have thought that consistency was desirable inter se her initial

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    version in police report Ex P/4 (as changed by over-writing, cutting and

    re-writing) and her subsequent versions at the time of recording of zero

    FIR at Police Station, Kamla Nagar, Delhi, the NGO report, the statement

    under 164 CrPC and the FIR registered at Jodhpur. The version in police

    report Ex P/4 (as changed) was thus carried over to the zero FIR dated

    20.08.2013 registered at Delhi, the NGO report and the statement under

    Section 164 CrPC recorded same day.

    50. Statement Ex D-2 of the prosecutrix under Section 161 CrPC was

    recorded by Ms. Chanchal Mishra, ACP. The same was got produced,

    exhibited in evidence and relied upon by the defence itself. While

    deposing in Court, the prosecutrix stated, inter alia, that appellant (Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal) had disrobed her and kissed her private part. No

    attempt was made to contradict this part of her testimony in Court by

    confronting her with her statement Ex. D-2 under Section 161 CrPC. The

    inference is obvious.

    51. It seems that with passage of time and change of circumstances,

    the progress and completion of investigation, the prosecutrix overcame

    her stress, fear and anxiety, could gather necessary courage and

    confidence to state relevant facts more categorically and specifically.

    52. We have held above that by over-writing, striking off and then re-

    writing, the initially written text of police report Ex. P/4 – “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe

    कपड़e उतारe” (us ne mere kapde utaare) was changed to “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e

    उतारनe लगा ” – “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaarne laga”. In police report

    Ex P/4 (even as changed), subsequent Zero FIR Ex P/11 dated

    20.08.2013 lodged at Police Station Kamla Nagar, Delhi, NGO report, the

    FIR dated 21.08.2013 Ex P/106 registered at Police Station, Mahila

    (West), Jodhpur, the fact of kissing everywhere was categorically

    recorded.

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    53. Thus read, the testimony of the prosecutrix in the Court about

    kissing of her vagina is in consonance with the initial and unchanged text

    of police report Ex P/4, including the text “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde

    utaare”.

    54. While deposing in Court, the prosecutrix stated that she thought

    ‘kissing everywhere’ included ‘kissing of vagina’. She was a child aged 16

    years at the time of submitting her handwritten report Ex P/4 to the police,

    lodging zero FIR at Delhi, preparation of NGO report by Ms. Kiran Thakur

    Jha, recording of statement under Section 164 CrPC and subsequent

    lodging of FIR at Jodhpur in August, 2013. She was unlikely to know of

    the distinction in law between kissing of specific parts of body and the

    different consequences. For a lay person, particular a child, the words

    ‘every part of the body’ obviously would include ‘vagina’. To our mind,

    she had given a reasonable and acceptable explanation for the absence

    of specific words ‘kissing of vagina’ in the handwritten report to Delhi

    Police, zero FIR registered at Delhi, the NGO report, the statement under

    Section 164 CrPC and FIR registered at Jodhpur.

    55. It has been held above that initially written text of police report Ex.

    P/4 was “उसनe ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारe” (us ne mere kapde utaare). By

    overwriting, stirking off and then re-writing, it was changed to “उसनe

    ज़बरद)* मeरe कपड़e उतारनe लगा “- “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaarne laga”.

    There was no significant gap of time between submission of police report

    Ex P/4 (as changed) and the recording of zero FIR registered at Police

    Station, Kamala Nagar Delhi, during NGO counselling, in the statement

    under Section 164 CrPC and the FIR registered at Jodhpur. The

    prosecutrix would have been still under shock, stress, fear, worry and

    anxiety at the time of their recording. Besides, at the relevant time, she

    would have naturally thought that consistency was desirable inter se her

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    initial version in police report Ex P/4 (though changed by over-writing,

    cutting and re-writing) and her subsequent versions at the time of

    recording of zero FIR registered at Police Station, Kamla Nagar Delhi,

    during NGO counselling, in the statement under Section 164 CrPC and

    the FIR registered at Jodhpur. The version in police report Ex P/4 (as

    changed) was thus carried over to the zero FIR dated 20.08.2013

    registered at Delhi, the NGO report and the statement under Section 164

    CrPC recorded same day. In such situation, the absence of specific words

    ‘उतारe’ ‘disrobed’ in the changed text and ‘kissing of vagina’ in the

    handwritten report with the changed text submitted by the prosecutrix to

    Delhi Police, zero FIR lodged at Delhi, the NGO report and statement

    under Section 164 CrPC and FIR registered at Jodhpur, in our opinion, is

    not fatal to sworn testimony of the prosecutrix in the Court. Therein, she

    swore that the appellant had also disrobed her “He made an attempt to

    undress me, removed my salvaar and kissed my vagina.” (statement

    recorded in Hindi – मI इस घटना सe शॉकड रह गई, iक iजस आदम* को मI भगवान समझत* थ*, उसनe मeरe

    साथ ऐस* iघनौन* हरक़त कX, मeरe कपड़e खोलनe कX कोiशश कX, मeर4 सलवार उतार दY थ*, मI तो कuछ सोच ह* नहF पा रह*

    थ* .-उZoनe मeरe [ाइवeट पाट\ पर, मuCह पर और सभ* जगह iक^ iकया था).

    56. On collective and objective reading of the record with the testimony

    of the prosecutrix in Court, fairly, reasonably and without undue hair-

    splitting, we are inclined to hold that the fact of ‘disrobing the prosecutrix’

    and ‘kissing of vagina’ were/are obvious and evident and stood

    established on record.

    57. The discrepancy about disrobing and kissing of vagina of the

    prosecutrix, inter se, versions of the prosecutrix in report of the incident

    lodged with the police, zero FIR lodged at Delhi, NGO report, her

    statement recorded under Section 164 CrPC and the FIR lodged at

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    Jodhpur vis-à-vis the deposition of the prosecutrix in Court has been dealt

    with and explained in the preceding part of this judgment.

    58. The prosecutrix deposed in Court that she had thought that ‘kissing

    everywhere’ included her private part. To our mind, this was a reasonable

    and acceptable explanation for the absence of specific words ‘kissing of

    vagina’ in the handwritten report of the incident lodged with Delhi Police,

    zero FIR lodged at Delhi, NGO report, her statement recorded under

    Section 164 CrPC and the FIR lodged at Jodhpur. Further, the prosecutrix

    deposed in Court, inter alia, that she was disrobed and kissed on the

    vagina by appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal.

    59. In that view of the matter, we are of the opinion, on this material

    fact, the testimony of the prosecutrix in Court is in consonance with her

    earliest version in the unchanged police report Ex P/4. Despite lengthy

    and grueling cross-examination on numerous dates, this part of her

    testimony could not be shaken. The same, in our opinion, ought not to

    be discarded merely because alongside the words ‘kissed everywhere’

    actually written, the specific words ‘disrobed’ and ‘vagina’ were not

    mentioned in the changed text of police report Ex P/4, zero FIR lodged at

    Delhi, NGO report and the statement of the prosecutrix under Section

    164 CrPC and FIR registered at jurisdictional Police Station, Jodhpur.

    60. It is not disputed that since her admission to 7th class, the

    prosecutrix was studying in Chhindwara Gurukul School named after

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal who was a religious guru; she was a

    hostel resident and that appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra

    @ Sharat Chandra were the Hostel Warden and School Director (Principal),

    respectively at the relevant time. The prosecutrix has been consistent

    throughout about her fall in the hostel bathroom and the complaint of

    dizziness. PWs Sunita Singh, Karamvir Singh were consistent and

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    unanimous throughout in stating that after telephonic conversation with

    appellant Shilpi @ Sanchita, they had come to Chhindwara to meet her.

    60.1. The prosecutrix also deposed that she too was present at that

    meeting; that appellant Shilpi @ Sanchita had told them that she had

    spoken to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal about the problem of the

    prosecutrix and he had advised that she be brought to him for ghost

    healing. PWs Sunita Singh, Karamvir Singh and the prosecutrix were also

    consistent and unanimous in their versions that appellant Sharad

    Chandra @ Sharat Chandra too had told them that the prosecutrix be

    taken to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost healing. They were

    also consistent and unanimous about their going to Manai Ashram and

    there meeting and attending the satsang of appellant Asha Ram @

    Ashumal on 14.08.2013, having stayed at Manai for the night of

    14.08.2013 and attending the satsang on 15.08.2013. PWs Sunita Singh,

    Karamvir Singh and the prosecutrix deposed that after the satsang, while

    other devotees were leaving the Ashram, appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    had asked them to stay on. They were also unanimous in saying that at

    the asking of the appellant, they were doing jaap at the concrete path

    when the prosecutrix was asked to go behind the kutiya and continue her

    jaap there and the prosecutrix went there while her parents remained at

    the same place. The prosecutrix was throughout consistent in her version

    on the material facts and events after her moving to the backside of the

    kutiya, having been called inside and the offences committed by appellant

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal inside the kutiya.

    61. On careful appraisal of the record and the impugned judgment, we

    are of the opinion that on material facts and events, the prosecution

    witnesses have been consistent in their respective versions at various

    stages and that there is no unexplained material discrepancy, inter se,

    their depositions in Court.

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    62. In our opinion, the aforesaid remaining discrepancies pointed out

    by the learned defence counsel are on minute peripheral details and do

    not erode or destroy the substratum of the case.

    63. Human perception is not a precision instrument. The ability to

    observe, absorb, retain, and recount varies profoundly from person to

    person, shaped by temperament, attention, and the irreversible passage

    of time. Memory, by its very nature, is not a photograph; it is a living,

    fading impression. As hours become days and days become years, even

    the sharpest recollections begin to soften at the edges. It is no surprise,

    then and certainly no mark of dishonesty, that truthful witnesses may

    stumble on peripheral details, contradict themselves on the margins, or

    waver when subjected to the relentless pressure of a protracted cross-

    examination. These are not the fingerprints of a liar; they are the leftover

    memories of an ordinary human being, faithfully trying to recall what time

    has already begun to erase.

    63.1. Time spares no one, and neither does forgetting. Memory, however

    vivid at first, quietly yields to the passage of time. Even the sharpest

    human intelligence slowly surrenders to time. Because of such factors

    and natural fading of memory with lapse of time, minor discrepancies on

    minute peripheral details do arise even in the statements of truthful

    witnesses, more so when subjected to lengthy cross-examination, as in

    present case (cross examination of the victim runs into 81 pages).

    64. We, therefore, reject the contention that the prosecution story was

    rendered highly doubtful because of the discrepancies, inter se, the own

    versions of the prosecutrix, PWs Sunita Singh and Karamvir Singh at

    various stages and the discrepancies, inter se, their depositions during

    trial in the Court or that the learned Trial Court erred in ignoring them

    and accepting the prosecution story.

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    65. It was also contended that the sole testimony of the prosecutrix

    could not be taken as gospel in the absence of any corroboration. We do

    not agree. The evidence has to be weighed and evaluated and not

    counted or measured by volume. If the sole testimony of the prosecutrix

    is found reliable and credible, the same cannot be discarded merely for

    want of corroboration. In present case, we are of the opinion that the

    testimony of the prosecutrix in support of the charges against appellant

    Asha Ram @Ashumal remained unimpeached, was reliable and credible,

    inspired confidence and the learned Trial Court rightly accepted the same.

    66. It was contended that the story of the prosecutrix having entered

    the kutiya was unbelievable as in her handwritten complaint, statement

    under Section 164 CrPC and NGO report, there was absolutely no

    reference about the existence of a bathroom of the kutiya. The same was

    introduced for the first time in the statement of the prosecutrix under

    Section 161 CrPC. We are unable to accept the contention. Actual

    existence of a bathroom adjoining the kutiya is not disputed. Mere

    absence of its specific reference in the handwritten complaint of the

    prosecutrix, statement under Section 164 CrPC and NGO report does not

    falsify the deposition of the prosecutrix about existence of the bathroom

    and the story of her having entered the kutiya.

    67. In the earlier part of this judgment, we have upheld the finding

    recorded in the impugned judgment that the date of birth of the

    prosecutrix is 04.07.1997. It follows that on the date of commission of

    the offence (15.08.2013), she was below 18 years of age.

    68. The prosecutrix categorically stated that when she tried to raise

    alarm (scream) and to resist appellant’s (Asha Ram @ Ashumal)

    inappropriate touch and attempt to molest her, she was gagged and

    threatened by him that if she would reveal the incident to anyone, her

    family would be finished. The appellant had disrobed her and kissed her

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    vagina and committed the various offences. About this version, her

    testimony could not be shaken in cross-examination.

    68.1. In present case, at the time of commission of the offence on

    15.08.2013, the appellant was the religious guru of the prosecutrix and

    she was his devotee since 2006. Obviously, the appellant was in a

    position of trust or authority towards the prosecutrix.

    69. The prosecutrix deposed, inter alia, that the appellant had removed

    her salwar and kissed her private part. During cross-examination while

    admitting that in the police report, NGO report, statement under Section

    164 CrPC, she had not mentioned about kissing of her private part, she

    added that she had written of the kissing everywhere, which included her

    private part. Her testimony on this point and about kissing of her private

    part by the appellant could not be shaken in cross-examination. It was in

    consonance with her earliest version (before change of text) in

    handwritten complaint Ex P-4.

    69.1. In the earlier part of this judgment, by giving reasons, it has been

    observed/held that the initial and earliest version of the prosecutrix

    written in her police report Ex P/4 was that the appellant had forcibly

    disrobed her “Us ne zabardasti mere kapde utaare” and that the absence

    of specific words ‘kissing of vagina’ in the changed handwritten report

    submitted by the prosecutrix to Delhi Police, zero FIR lodged at Delhi, the

    NGO report and statement under Section 164 CrPC and the FIR registered

    at Jodhpur, is not fatal to the aforesaid version showing, inter alia, that

    the appellant had disrobed the prosecutrix and kissed her vagina.

    70. The lengthy testimony of the prosecutrix during trial was recorded

    on numerous dates. Learned Trial Court, after elaborate discussion and

    evaluation of the evidence on record and dealing with contentions on both

    sides, concluded that the appellant not only restrained the prosecutrix,

    rather tried to insert his penis in her mouth by removing all his clothes

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    which means he manipulated her body in the manner so that he can

    penetrate in her mouth [attracting Section 375(c) IPC]; he also kissed on

    the private parts of the girl meaning thereby he applied his mouth to the

    vagina of the prosecutrix, not only touched her body with his hands,

    rather has kissed her vagina with his mouth [attracting Section 375 (d)

    of IPC].

    70.1. Learned Trial Court was also found that after the incident, the

    prosecutrix went out of the kutiya and went to her mother PW-12 Sunita

    Singh, who was waiting for her at some distance from the kutiya. From

    there, both of them went to the house of the local person where their

    stay had been arranged. Next morning, the prosecutrix and both of her

    parents left for Shahjahanpur (UP). For the first time, the prosecutrix

    revealed the incident to her mother on 19.08.2013.

    70.2. The learned Trial Court found that the prosecution story including

    penetrative sexual assault, rape causing criminal confinement of the

    prosecutrix, doing her sexual harassment, causing criminal intimidation

    on her and the appellant’s showing his penis in front of her with the

    purpose of dishonouring her modesty had been proved.

    71. In our opinion, the ingredients of the offence under Section 375 (c)

    & (d) punishable under Section 376 IPC were thus satisfied. To our mind,

    the learned Trial Court rightly accepted the said evidence for convicting

    the appellant under Section 376 IPC. We are inclined to agree with the

    view taken by the learned Trial Court. Consequently, we repel the

    contention that ingredients of Section 375 IPC had not been proved

    beyond reasonable doubt or that the prosecution had failed to prove the

    commission of offence defined under Section 375 IPC, punishable under

    Section 376(2)(f) IPC.

    72. We thus reject the contention that the ingredients for the

    application of Section 375/376(2)(f) IPC were not met and that the

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    learned Trial Judge wrongly convicted and sentenced the appellant for

    the same.

    73. It was contended that prosecution had failed to prove that offences

    allegedly committed by appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal fall within the

    scope of Section 5(g) of the POCSO Act, 2012 punishable under Section

    6 thereof. Para 368 of the impugned judgment is as under:

    “368- In the matter in hand from the evidence it has proved that accused not only
    kept caught the girl but also after putting of his own entire clothes tried to
    penetrate his penis her mouth, in other words in this manner manipulated her
    body so that we can done penetrated his penis in her mouth and he also kissed on
    the private part of the girl, in other words he applied his mouth on the vagina of
    the girl. Accused not only merely touched body of the victim but also he has kissed
    her vagina from his mouth also. Therefore, commission of penetration – sexual
    assault and forcible rape by the accused on prosecutrix “Su” is proved beyond
    doubt. Along with it commission of wrongful confinement of the girl, commission
    of her sexual extortion, commission of causing criminal intimidation and with the
    intention for out raising her modesty, exhibiting his penis before her has been
    proved beyond doubt.”

    On perusal of the record of the case, we find the aforesaid

    contention to be tenable as the ingredients of section 5(g) of the POCSO

    Act, 2012 are not attracted on the basis of material on record. We are

    thus not in agreement with the aforesaid finding of fact. On the other

    hand, it appears that offence under section 5(p) of the POCSO Act, 2012

    seems to be made out.

    73.1. Pertinently, while passing the impugned judgment, the learned trial

    court neither recorded any finding of conviction against the appellant for

    the offence under Section 5(p) of the POCSO Act, 2012, nor framed any

    charge under said section 5(p). The respondent State has not filed any

    appeal or cross-objections against the impugned judgment. This being

    the position, while dealing with the appeal of the convict, he cannot be

    convicted for the commission of the offence under section 5(p) even if

    said section is attracted.

    73.2. However, in terms of Section 222 of the CrPC (Section 245 of BNSS,

    2023), on the proved facts of the case, an accused can be convicted of

    the minor offence, though he is not charged with it. In our opinion, the

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    instant case warrants the invocation of the said provision i.e. Sections 3

    and 4 of the POCSO Act, 2012. This omission by the learned Trial Court

    needs rectification.

    73.3. For ready reference, Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the POCSO Act, 2012

    are reproduced herein below:

    “3. Penetrative sexual assault. A person is said to commit “penetrative sexual assault”

    if-

    (a) he penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a
    child or makes the child to do so with him or any other person; or

    (b) he inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the body, not being the penis, into
    the vagina, the urethra or anus of the child or makes the child to do so with him or any
    other person; or

    (c) he manipulates any part of the body of the child so as to cause penetration into the
    vagina, urethra, anus or any part of body of the child or makes the child to do so with
    him or any other person; or

    (d) he applies his mouth to the penis, vagina, anus, urethra of the child or makes the
    child to do so to such person or any other person.

    4. Punishment for penetrative sexual assault. () Whoever commits penetrative sexual
    assault shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall
    not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also
    be liable to fine.

    (2) Whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below sixteen years of age
    shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years,
    but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the
    remainder of natural life of that person and shall also be liable to fine.
    (3) The fine imposed under sub-section (1) shall be just and reasonable and paid to the
    victim to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of such victim.

    5. Aggravated penetrative sexual assault.- (a) Whoever, being a police officer, commits
    penetrative sexual assault on a child –

    (i) within the limits of the police station or premises at which he is appointed; or

    (ii) in the premises of any station house, whether or not situated in the police station,
    to which he is appointed; or

    (iii) in the course of his duties or otherwise; or

    (iv) where he is known as, or identified as, a police officer; or

    (b) whoever being a member of the armed forces or security forces commits penetrative
    sexual assault on a child-

    (i) within the limits of the area to which the person is deployed; or

    (ii) in any areas under the command of the forces or armed forces; or

    (iii) in the course of his duties or otherwise; or

    (iv) where the said person is known or identified as a member of the security or
    armed forces; or

    (c) whoever being a public servant commits penetrative sexual assault on a child; or

    (d) whoever being on the management or on the staff of a jail, remand home, protection
    home, observation home, or other place of custody or care and protection established
    by or under any law for the time being in force, commits penetrative sexual assault on a
    child, being inmate of such jail, remand home, protection home, observation home, or
    other place of custody or care and protection; or

    (e) whoever being on the management or staff of a hospital, whether Government or
    private, commits penetrative sexual assault on a child in that hospital; or

    (f) whoever being on the management or staff of an educational institution or religious
    institution, commits penetrative sexual assault on a child in that institution; or

    (g) whoever commits gang penetrative sexual assault on a child.
    Explanation. When a child is subjected to sexual assault by one or more persons of a
    group in furtherance of their common intention, each of such persons shall be deemed
    to have committed gang penetrative sexual assault within the meaning of this clause and
    each of such person shall be liable for that act in the same manner as if it were done by
    him alone; or

    (h) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child using deadly weapons, fire,
    heated substance or corrosive substance; or

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    (i) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault causing grievous hurt or causing bodily
    harm and injury or injury to the sexual organs of the child; or

    (j) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child, which-

    (i) physically incapacitates the child or causes the child to become mentally ill as
    defined under clause (1) of section 2 of the Mental Health Act, 1987 (14 of 1987)
    or causes impairment of any kind so as to render the child unable to perform
    regular tasks, temporarily or permanently;

    (ii) in the case of female child, makes the child pregnant as a consequence of
    sexual assault;

    (iii) inflicts the child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or any other life
    threatening disease or Infection which may either temporarily or permanently
    impair the child by rendering him physically incapacitated, or mentally ill to
    perform regular tasks;

    (iv) causes death of the child; or

    (k) whoever, taking advantage of a child’s mental or physical disability, commits
    penetrative sexual assault on the child; or

    (l) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on the child more than once or repeatedly;
    or

    (m) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years; or

    (n) whoever being a relative of the child through blood or adoption or marriage or
    guardianship or in foster care or having a domestic relationship with a parent of the
    child or who is living in the same or shared household with the child, commits
    penetrative sexual assault on such child; or

    (o) whoever being, in the ownership, or management, or staff, of any institution
    providing services to the child, commits penetrative sexual assault on the child; or

    (p) whoever being in a position of trust or authority of a child commits penetrative sexual
    assault on the child in an institution or home of the child or anywhere else; or

    (q) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child knowing the child is pregnant;
    or

    (r) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child and attempts to murder the
    child; or

    (s) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child in the course of [communal
    or sectarian violence or during any natural calamity or in similar situations]; or

    (t) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child and who has been previously
    convicted of having committed any offence under this Act or any sexual offence
    punishable under any other law for the time being in force; or
    (u) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child and makes the child to strip
    or parade naked in public, is said to commit aggravated penetrative sexual assault.”

    73.4. As would be seen, under Section 3 (c) of the POCSO Act, 2012, a

    person is said to commit “penetrative sexual assault” if he manipulates

    any part of the body of the child so as to cause penetration into the

    vagina, urethra, anus or any part of body of the child or makes the child

    to do so with him or any other person. Under Section 3(d) a person is

    said to commit penetrative sexual assault if applies his mouth to the

    penis, vagina, anus, urethra of the child or makes the child to do so to

    such person or any other person. It has been observed/opined above, by

    giving reasons, that after calling the prosecutrix inside the kutiya, the

    various offences had been committed inside the kutiya by appellant Asha

    Ram @ Ashumal inter alia, by applying his mouth to her vagina.

    Ingredients of Sections 3 and 4, ibid, thus stand satisfied. The offence

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    falling within the scope of Section 3 of the POCSO Act, 2012 punishable

    under Section 4 thereof thus stood proved. It is held accordingly. The

    contention to the contrary is, therefore, rejected.

    74. It was contended by learned defence counsel that the prosecution

    had failed to prove that qua appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal, provisions

    of Section 23 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act

    were attracted in the case. We are unable to accept this contention. The

    Section, ibid, provides that whoever, having the actual charge of, or

    control over a juvenile or the child, assaults, abandons, exposes or

    wilfully neglects the juvenile or causes or procures him to be assaulted,

    abandoned, exposed or neglected in a manner likely to cause such

    juvenile or the child, unnecessary mental or physical suffering shall be

    punishable under the Section, ibid. Learned Trial Court, on appreciation

    of evidence, held that the said appellant was in actual charge and control

    over the prosecutrix, who was less than 18 years of age on the date, time

    and place of the commission of various offences by him. In the proved

    facts and circumstances of the case, we see no reason to differ with this

    view taken by the learned Trial Court. Accordingly, we reject the

    contention that the prosecution had failed to prove that qua appellant

    Asha Ram @ Ashumal, provisions of Section 23 of the Juvenile Justice

    (Care and Protection of Children) Act were attracted in the case.

    75. At the cost of repetition, it may be stated that at the time of

    commission of the offence on 15.08.2013, the appellant was the religious

    guru of the prosecutrix and she was his devotee since 2006 and was less

    than 18 years of age. Obviously, the appellant was in a position of trust

    or authority towards the prosecutrix. It has been proved on record that

    the appellant had asked Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat

    Chandra that the parents of the prosecutrix should bring her to him for

    solving her problem of shadow of ghosts. When the prosecutrix was

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    brought to him, he called her inside his kutiya and committed the offences

    against her including penetrative sexual assault.

    76. In the earlier part of this judgment, we have held that the

    commission of the offence of rape falling within the scope of Section

    375(d) of IPC and punishable under Section 376(2)(f) of the Code as also

    the offence of penetrative sexual assault under Section 3/4 of the POCSO

    Act, 2012 by appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal had been proved. The

    prosecution had proved that appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal had

    conveyed to the parents of the prosecutrix through appellant Sanchita @

    Shilpi that the prosecutrix be brought to him for ghost healing and that

    accordingly, she was taken to him at his Ashram in Manai. There, on the

    pretext of ghost healing, he called and received the prosecutrix inside his

    kutiya and committed these offences. Obvious inference is that it was for

    the purpose of exploitation that the appellant had received the

    prosecutrix on the pretext of ghost healing by practising fraud and

    deception.

    77. Thus, he had also committed the offence under Section 370 IPC.

    We, therefore, reject the contention that there was no evidence to show

    that it was for the purpose of exploitation that the appellant had received

    the prosecutrix on the pretext of ghost healing by practising fraud and

    deception so as to attract liability of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for

    the offence under Section 370 IPC.

    78. We have already upheld the findings/conclusion recorded in the

    impugned judgment, inter alia, to the effect that at the relevant time, the

    appellant had restrained the prosecutrix. In other words, from the

    moment of her second entry inside the kutiya till after the commission of

    aforesaid offences and up to her exit from the kutiya, she was wrongfully

    confined inside the kutiya. Thus, the commission of offence of wrongful

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    confinement of the prosecutrix by the appellant punishable under Section

    342 IPC stood proved.

    79. Without repeating the relevant part of foregoing observations, we

    are of the opinion that it stood proved on record that the appellant had

    threatened the prosecutrix that her family would be finished, if she would

    raise her voice or ever reveal the incident to anyone. Thus, the

    commission of offence under Section 506 IPC by the appellant also stood

    proved.

    80. As a result, we reject the contention that the prosecution had failed

    to prove the offences under Sections 370, 342 and 506 IPC.

    81. Perusal of the impugned judgment shows that the learned Trial

    Court based its findings/conclusions on the basis of record of the case

    without being influenced by any unfavourable antecedents of the

    appellant. In our opinion, there is no merit in the contention that the

    conviction and sentence of the appellant appear to be on moral grounds.

    The same is rejected.

    82. It was contended that there was probable motive for false

    implication of the appellants. In Para 312 of the impugned judgment,

    learned Trial Court observed that in the comprehensive cross-

    examination of PW-21 Karamveer Singh, it had been suggested that he

    had hatched a conspiracy with former Director (of the School) Om

    Parkash Prajapati and Seema Ahuja, Warden of the Gurukul (hostel) to

    claim that a child to be born out of the latter’s womb be projected as

    Avtaar of Kalki for collecting gifts and donations; that on the surfacing of

    this conspiracy, Om Parkash Prajapati and Seema Ahuja were ousted

    from the Gurukul and that he (Karamveer Singh), had hatched a

    conspiracy with former Director (of the School) Om Parkash Prajapati and

    Seema Ahuja, Warden of the Gurukul (hostel) and that in furtherance of

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    which he (Karamveer Singh) had filed this case through his daughter (the

    prosecutrix).

    82.1. After noticing and analyzing the relevant evidence about so called

    conspiracy against the appellant and by giving cogent reasons in Paras

    313 to 316, the learned Trial Court repelled this defence version and

    concluded in Para 317 as under:

    “In my humble opinion, it is clear from the present evidence that the defence has
    been absolutely unsuccessful to connect any relation of the alleged KalkiAvtaar
    conspiracy of Om Prakash Prajapati and Seema Ahuja from the complainant
    Karamveer Singh. Forms Ex.-D-27 to Ex.-D-31 have been submitted on behalf of
    the accused persons. From this it appears the above forms were in their possession.
    This is not at all clear that how he received the above forms from Om Prakash
    Prajapati.This clearly shows that there is truth in the statements of PW-21
    Karamveer Singh that the above forms were filled by him and his family members
    in the conclave of programmes of the accused Asha Ram. In my humble opinion,
    this plea of the defence is not at all acceptable that PW-21 Karamveer Singh would
    have hatched any conspiracy in connivance with Om Prakash Prajapti and Seema
    Ahuja, which led to this present case.”

    82.2. Learned Trial Court then dealt with the defence version that after

    hatching of a conspiracy, inter se, Pankaj Dubey, PW-21 Karamveer

    Singh, his daughter (the prosecutrix), Bhola Nand and others, the

    appellant (Asha Ram @ Ashumal) was falsely implicated in this case to

    extort an amount of Rs. 50 crores from him. After noticing and thoroughly

    analyzing the relevant evidence from Para 318 onwards, and by giving

    cogent reasons, the learned Trial Court recorded its conclusion in Para

    340 of the impugned judgment and rejected the defence said plea of

    controversy. Para 340, ibid, reads as under:

    “Therefore, according to the above deliberation, this plea of the defence side is not
    acceptable that Asha Ram would have been implicated by Pankaj Dubey,
    Karamveer Singh, Victim “Su”, Bholanand and other persons for extorting
    Rs.50.00 Crores by hatching conspiracy.It is notable here that the accused Asha
    Ram would have been implicated under a pre-hatched conspiracy, then there was
    no need for the complainant to register First Information Report in Delhi while
    going to Delhi from Jodhpur via Jaipur and from there going to Shahjahanpur,
    coming to Delhi again, rather just after leaving Manai Ashram on 16.8.2013 he
    could have lodged report in Jodhpur. Registering report in Delhi and delay
    happened in registering the report itself shows that the complainant had no pre-
    planned conspiracy to implicate the accused Asha Ram, rather the report has been
    registered by the complainant side according to the circumstances of human
    nature.”

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    83. We find no reason to differ with the aforesaid conclusions reached

    by the learned Trial Court in Paras 317 and 340 of the impugned

    judgment rejecting the defence version any motive and/or criminal

    conspiracy against the appellant and his implication on that account.

    84. To add to it, we are also of the opinion that in any case, the

    aforesaid alleged conspiracies were aimed against appellant Asha Ram @

    Ashumal only and appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @

    Sharat Chandra were not the targets therein. Nothing else is shown on

    record why the prosecutrix and her parents would falsely implicate them

    (appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra) in

    this criminal case. We, therefore, reject the contention that there was

    probable motive for false implication of the appellants and that they had

    been falsely implicated on that account.

    85. It was also contended that there were no aggravating

    circumstances warranting imposition of maximum sentence of

    imprisonment for the remainder of the natural life of appellant Asha Ram

    @ Ashumal by the learned Trial Court.

    85.1. Translated paras 7 and 8 of the sentencing order are as under:

    “7- I have heard the arguments of both sides on sentence and carefully perused the case
    file.

    8- The accused is Asha Ram Saint. It has been proved from the evidence adduced on the
    case file that not only in India but in the foreign countries also, there are lacs of his
    disciples. It has also been revealed through evidence that more than 400 Ashrams are
    functioning in the name of accused Asha Ram. Keeping in view the facts of the present case,
    it is revealed that the father of the prosecutrix “Su” was also a disciple of the accused Asha
    Ram. He played an important role in raising construction of an Ashram for Asha Ram in
    Shahjahanpur and he also got constructed a cottage for the accused Asha Ram there also.
    He was devoted to the accused Asha Ram to such an extent that he even sent his daughter
    prosecutrix “Su” and son Yashvir Singh to a Gurukul situated at Chhindwara, a place far
    from Shahjahanpur. As per the incidence, the accused Asha Ram separated the prosecutrix
    “Su” from her parents on the pretext of conducting chants and subsequently, he called her
    in his room and committed an act of misdemeanor with her. In my opinion, the accused
    Asha Ram has not only committed breach of trust of the complainant but he has also caused
    damage to the image of saints in the eyes of general public.”

    85.2. We see no reason to differ with the view in this behalf taken by the

    learned Trial Court and, therefore, repel contention contrary to it.

    86. As already held, at the time of commission of the offence on

    15.08.2013, the appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal was the religious guru

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    of the prosecutrix and she was his devotee since 2006 and was less than

    18 years of age. Obviously, the appellant was in a position of trust or

    authority towards the prosecutrix. It has been proved on record that the

    appellant had asked Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat

    Chandra that the parents of the prosecutrix should bring her to him

    solving her problem of shadow of ghosts. When the prosecutrix was

    brought to him, he called her inside his kutiya and committed the offences

    against her including penetrative sexual assault.

    86.1. As noted earlier, the appellant-Asha Ram appears to have

    committed the offence under Section 5(p) of the POCSO Act, 2012. But

    since the learned trial court did not record any finding of conviction for

    the said offence and the State has not filed cross-objection/appeal

    against the impugned judgment, while dealing with the appeal of the

    convict, the appellant could not be convicted for the commission of the

    said offence. However, in terms of Section 222 of the CrPC (Section 245

    of BNSS, 2023), on the proved facts of the case, he is liable to be

    convicted of the minor offence of penetrative sexual assault under

    Section 3 punishable under Section 4 of the POCSO Act, 2012.

    86.2. In the succeeding part of the judgment, it is being held that the

    offence of conspiracy, inter se, the appellants and the commission of

    offence of gang rape under Section 376D of IPC has not been proved. In

    view of this and the proved facts of the case as noted above, the

    conviction of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal under clause (g) of Section

    5 of the POCSO, Act 2012 is also not tenable. Accordingly, he has to be

    acquitted of charges under Section 5(g), ibid, but as already held, he is

    liable to be convicted for the offence under Section 3 punishable under

    Section 4 of the POCSO Act.

    86.3. On a careful reading of the impugned judgment, we are inclined to

    hold that the rest of conclusions have been recorded by the learned Trial

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    Court after threadbare examination of record of the case and are

    consistent with the same and the applicable law, of course with the

    caveat/exception already given.

    87. As regards Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat

    Chandra, appellants in the connected appeals, prosecution case and

    finding recorded by the learned Trial Court are that it was at the instance

    of these appellants, the parents of the prosecutrix had taken her to the

    appellant Asha Ram for solving her problem of shadow of ghosts.

    88. Learned counsel for State has not brought to our notice any

    worthwhile material on record to show that they (Sanchita @ Shilpi and

    Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra, appellants) had known, when they

    asked the parents of prosecutrix to take her to Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    appellant that he would commit any offences including rape on the

    prosecutrix. Impugned judgment does not refer to any such evidence.

    89. It is against normal human nature that at the time of asking

    Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra to have the

    prosecutrix sent to him for ghost healing, appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    would have told them of his intention to sexually exploit her and/or

    commit any other offence against her. If at all they had known of any

    such intention of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal, they were most

    unlikely to do his bidding. It is, therefore, difficult to say that there was

    a prior meeting of mind and conspiracy hatched amongst them to have

    the prosecutrix sent to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for her sexual

    exploitation and/or commission of any other offence against her by

    appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal.

    90. In our opinion it was highly unlikely that, if Sanchita @ Shilpi and

    Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra or either of them would have been

    aware of any such evil intention of Asha Ram @ Ashumal appellant, they

    would have told the parents of the prosecutrix to take her to him.

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    91. It cannot, therefore, be the case that the act of Sanchita @ Shilpi

    and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat Chandra, having asked the parents of the

    prosecutrix to take her to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal for ghost

    healing, was in pursuance of any criminal conspiracy, inter se, the three

    appellants. It follows that the prosecution had not proved on record the

    requisite meeting of minds, inter se, the three appellants for the

    commission of any offence, essential to attract liability under Section

    120B of IPC.

    92. In the premise, we hold that the prosecution had failed to prove the

    commission of offence of criminal conspiracy under Section 120B IPC, but

    the learned Trial Court fell in error in holding that the said offence had

    also been proved. Accordingly, it is held that prosecution had failed to

    prove commission of offence under Section 120B by the appellants.

    Though the learned Trial Court convicted the appellants for the offence

    of criminal conspiracy under Section 120B IPC, it did not award them any

    punishment for the same.

    93. We are of the view that defence is right in contending that the

    offence under Section 376D IPC has not been proved. It has been held

    above that offence under Section 120B IPC had not been proved in the

    case. There is not even any allegation that more than one person had

    committed the offence of rape, let alone reliable evidence on record to

    prove the same. In our opinion, learned Trial Court erred in convicting

    and sentencing the appellant for the offence gang rape falling under

    Section 376D IPC. Thus he ought to be acquitted of the said charge.

    However, on the proved facts of the case it stands established that the

    appellant had, inter alia, committed the offence of rape. We, therefore,

    convict him for the lesser/minor offence under Section 376 of IPC.

    94. It follows that Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad Chandra @ Sharat

    Chandra, appellants cannot be held vicariously liable for the offences

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    individually and actually committed by appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal.

    Consequently, the conviction of appellants Sanchita @ Shilpi and Sharad

    Chandra @ Sharat Chandra and the sentence for the offences under

    Section 370(4) read with Section 120B IPC and Section 376D IPC and

    Sections 5(g)/6 and 7/8 of POCSO Act are liable to be set aside.

    95. It also follows that the conviction of appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal

    for offence under Section 120B IPC is also liable to set aside.

    96. As an upshot of above discussion, the impugned judgment is

    modified as stated here in after.

    CONCLUSION/SENTENCING

    97. Appellant/convict Asha Ram

    97.1. We have given our thought to the learned trial court’s well-

    reasoned order denying leniency to the appellant and find ourselves in

    full agreement with it. The appellant was 73 at the time. He is now 86.

    He thus stands before us bent by age and burdened by ailment, imploring

    a fresh look at his plea for leniency. We have considered his plea and

    applied our mind. We are unable to grant any indulgence, since in the

    shadow of his frailty cannot justify ignoring the victim’s voice. Quiet.

    Devastating. Irrefutable. To ignore it would be to shake society’s faith in

    the criminal justice system, and send wrong a message no court must

    ever send, least of all when the perpetrator hid behind the cloak of a self-

    styled godman.

    97.2. Aside above, victim’s voice too demands to be heard. She does not

    come to this Court seeking sympathy but justice. She comes bearing an

    inconvenient truth: that for the Appellant, imprisonment is only physical.

    His confinement has walls. Her sentence has none of these. No warrant

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    was ever issued for it. No court ever pronounced it. Yet, it was imposed

    upon her the moment this godman chose violation of law and morality

    over his vows. The sentence served upon her soul is lifelong, written not

    in ink, but in indelible anguish. It knows no remission, no parole, no

    appellate remedy. For, a rape victim does not merely carry a wound. She

    carries an erasure, of her dignity, of her identity, of the self she was

    before the moment which not only completely destroyed, but cleaved her

    life into a before and an after. The violation does not end when the act

    ends. It reverberates, through every moment of silence, every crowded

    room, every ordinary day made unbearable by the indelible memory of

    it.

    97.3. In this backdrop, adverting to the sentencing, as noticed earlier,

    appellant was also convicted for offence under Section 354A and 509 of

    IPC, Section 7/8 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences

    Act,2012 (for short POCSO Act) but, in light of Section 42 of the POCSO

    Act, no sentence for those offences, and rightly so, was awarded by the

    learned trial court.

    98. In totality of circumstances, qua appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal it

    is ordered as under:

    (i) His convictions for offences under Sections 120-B, 34 and 376-D IPC,

    Sections 5(g)/6 of POCSO Act are set aside and he is acquitted of these

    offences;

    (ii) His conviction for offences under Section 370(4), 342, 509, 506, 354A

    and 376(2)(f) Indian Penal Code and Section 23 of JJ (Care and Protection

    of Children) Act, 2000 and Section 7/8 of POCSO Act are upheld.

    (iii) He is also convicted for offences under Section 376 of IPC and

    Sections 3 and 4 of POCSO Act;

    99. As per Section 42 of POCSO Act, for offences under Sections 354A,

    509 and 376 of IPC and Sections 3/4 and 7/8 of POCSO Act, no separate

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    punishment is needed as greater punishment provided under Section

    376(2)(f) of IPC is sufficient.

    100. Punishments under Section 342, 370(4) and 506 IPC are upheld.

    101. Punishment of greater degree under Section 376(2)(f), ibid, i.e.,

    life imprisonment which shall be for the remainder of his natural life along

    with the fine as accorded by the learned trial court to Asha Ram is also

    thus upheld, without any other separate sentence/punishment for the

    other offences i.e. Sections 354A, 509, 376 of IPC and Sections 3/4 and

    7/8 of POCSO Act though held guilty, as above. He is currently stated to

    be on interim bail. In view of his conviction and sentencing, bail granted

    to appellant Asha Ram @ Ashumal is cancelled. His bail bonds are

    forfeited and he is directed to surrender. Warrant for his arrest be also

    issued forthwith, he be taken into custody and sent to jail for undergoing

    the sentence.

    102. Appellants Shilpi @Sanchita &

    Sharad Chander @ Sharat Chander

    The convictions of appellants Shilpi @ Sanchita and Sharad Chander @

    Sharat Chander for offences under Section 370(4) read with Section 120-

    B IPC and Section 376-D IPC and under Section 5(g)/6 and Section 7/8

    of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,2012 (for short

    POCSO Act), as recorded and sentence awarded for the same by the

    learned trial court, are set aside and they are acquitted of the same.

    103. The three appeals stand disposed of in the above terms.

                                       (YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J                                          (ARUN MONGA),J
    
    
                                        K.P. Singh Dewasi/-
    
    
    
    
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