M/S. Gvpr Engineering Limited- M/S Hes … vs State Of Rajasthan on 17 July, 2026

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    Rajasthan High Court – Jaipur

    M/S. Gvpr Engineering Limited- M/S Hes … vs State Of Rajasthan on 17 July, 2026

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            HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
                        BENCH AT JAIPUR
    
                     S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 14206/2024
                              URN: CW / 28734U / 2024
    M/s. GVPR Engineering Limited- M/s HES Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
    JV., Through Its Authorised Signatory Mr. Sridhar Reddy, Office
    At 8-2-293/82/A, Plot No. 739-A, Road No. 37, Jubilee Hills,
    Hyderabad 33, Telangana, India
                                                                              ----Petitioner
                                             Versus
    1.       State       Of   Rajasthan,         Through         The      Chief   Secretary,
             Government Of Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj.)
    2.       Secretary, Public And Health Engineering Department,
             Main Secretariat Building, Jaipur Rajasthan
    3.       Addl.       Chief     Engineer,        Project,        Public    Health    And
             Engineering Department, Project Division Bharatpur.
    4.       SPML-JWL JV,              Through Its         Authorised Signatory Jai
             Prakash Gupta S/o Dean Dayal Gupta, Having Its Place Of
             Business At Jindal ITF Centre, 28 Shvaji Marg, New Delhi-
             110015
                                                                           ----Respondents
    
    
    For Petitioner(s)              :     Mr. R.K. Agrawal, Senior Advocate
                                         assisted by Mr. Adhiraj Modi,
                                         Mr. Rakshit Jaimini,
                                         Mr. Daksh Pareek assisted by
                                         Mr. Arjun Singh,
                                         Mr. Ashish Kabra,
                                         Mr. Moin Khan
    For Respondent(s)              :     Mr. Rajendra Prasad, Advocate
                                         General assisted by
                                         Ms. Dhriti Ladha
                                         Ms. Mahi Yadav, Additional Advocate
                                         General assisted by
                                         Mr. Kuldeep Singh Rathore, AAAG
                                         Ms. Chelsi Agrawal,
                                         Mr. Rohan Mittal
                                         Mr. Swadeep Singh Hora assisted by
                                         Ms. Varuni Agrawal,
                                         Mr. Manish Lakhawat
    
    
                     HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE BIPIN GUPTA
                                Judgment
    
    
    
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    Reportable
    
    Date of hearing and conclusion of arguments                      29.06.2026
    Date on which the judgment was reserved                          29.06.2026
    Whether the full judgment or only the operative Full Judgment
    part is pronounced
    Date of pronouncement                         17.07.2026
    1.  The present writ petition has been filed with the following
    
    prayers:
    
           "It is, therefore, most respectfully prayed that this
           writ petition may kindly be accepted and allowed and
           be further pleased:
           (i) To quash and set aside the order dated 29.06.2024
           passed by the Additional Chief Engineer, Projects,
           Public Health and Engineering Department, Project
           Division Bharatpur declaring the petitioner non-
           responsive.
           (ii)To declare the petitioners bid as responsive/eligible
           for the above stated Tender and for a direction to
           respondents to receive and consider the Petitioners
           Bid and act accordingly.
           (iii) To declare the constitution of First Appellate
           Authority and Second Appellate Authority bad in the
           eyes of law.
           (iv) Any other order which the court deems fit in
           Justice, Equity and Good Conscience."
    2.    Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner, vide application
    
    No.1/2026 did not press clause No. (iii) of the prayer of the writ
    
    petition. Accordingly, this Court, considering the said application,
    
    disposed of the same by order dated 29.06.2026. Therefore, now
    
    the writ petition is being considered for prayer Nos. (i),(ii) and(iv).
    
    3.    The factual matrix of the writ petition is a Notice Inviting
    
    Bids (hereinafter referred to as "NIB") no. 10/2023-24 was floated
    
    by PHED department of State of Rajasthan presently being
    
    respondent Nos. 2 and 3 for "Work of EMI at existing intake well
    
    act Chamber River, Raw Water Pipe Line from intake to RWR-1 and
    
    RWR-2 at Dholpur, Main Raw Water Pumping Stations at RWR-1
    
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    and RWR-2, Water Treatment Plant 135 MLD near RWR-2 and 5.0
    
    MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station, Treatment Plant 5.0
    
    MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station, CDS, VDS and Rising
    
    Mains and FHTC for Dholpur and Saipau Block including allied
    
    works including allied works (Package-01A)."
    
    4.      The date for downloading the bid was fixed as 16.09.2023 to
    
    19.10.2023. Online submission time was from 16.09.2023 to
    
    19.10.2023. Deposit of original document date was upto 1:00 PM
    
    on 20.10.2023. Date of opening of technical bid was 20.10.2023
    
    at 03:00 PM.
    
    5.      The present petitioner as well as respondent no. 4 and two
    
    other     companies       namely        M/S        Megha          Engineering    and
    
    Infrastructure Private Limited and M/S NCC Limited also submitted
    
    there bids.
    
    6.      Vide order dated 29.06.2024 office of the Additional Chief
    
    Engineer (Project) PHED, Bharatpur, the following bidders were
    
    declared responsive/non-responsive for opening of financial bids:
    
    S.No.                Name of Firm                                    Remark
     1      M/s Megha Engineering and                                   Responsive
            Infrastructures Limited
     2      M/s JWIL Infra Limited                                      Responsive
            (JV of M/s SPML Infra Ltd. and M/s JWIL
            Infra Ltd.)
     3      M/s NCC Limited                                             Responsive
     4      M/s GVPR Engineers Limited (JV of M/s              Non-responsive, as the
            GVPR Engineers Limited and M/s HES                 bidder does not meet
            Infra Pvt. Ltd.                                    financial criteria (PQ
                                                               criteria) with regard to
                                                               credit limit requirement.
    7.      The petitioner's bid was declared non-responsive vide order
    
    dated 29.06.2024 on the ground that it did not satisfy the
    
    financial criteria (PQ Criteria), as the FIN-2 certificate submitted
    
    
    
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    by the petitioner was not in conformity with the requirements of
    
    the tender document. Thereafter, the petitioner challenged the
    
    said decision before the learned First Appellate Authority as per
    
    the    provisions     of     the      Rajasthan          Transparency        in      Public
    
    Procurement Act, 2012 (hereinafter referred to as the "RTPP Act,
    
    2012"), which rejected the petitioner's appeal. Aggrieved thereby,
    
    the    petitioner    preferred       a    second       appeal,       which   was      also
    
    dismissed. Thereafter, the present writ petition was filed. Till the
    
    filing of the present writ petition, no work order had been issued.
    
    8.     Vide order dated 16.10.2024, this Court directed that all
    
    further actions, including the issuance of the Letter of Intent
    
    (hereinafter referred to as "LOI"), shall remain subject to the final
    
    outcome of the present writ petition. The work order dated
    
    03.09.2025 also specifically records that it has been issued
    
    subject to the final decision of this Court in the present writ
    
    petition in terms of the order dated 16.10.2024.
    
    9.     Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that, as
    
    per the bidding document in cases where a bidder participates
    
    through a joint venture, the requirement regarding the credit limit
    
    reads as under:
    
    No. Factor Requirement     Requireme Single       All parties Each One               Submiss
                               nt in terms Entity     combined member member             ion
                               of value                                                  require
                               for                                                       ments
                               fulfillment
                               of
                               eligibility
    
    
    1.3 Credit Credit Limit   Rs. 192.65 Must    Must              Must      Lead        Letter
        Limit (Fund based     Crore      meet    meet              meet at   partner     from
               and non fund              require requirem          least     must        Banks
               based                     ment    ent               10% of    meet at     Form
               Unutilized and                                      the       least 51%   FIN 2
               available with                                      require   of the
               the Bidder                                          ment      requireme
               shall not be                                                  nt
    
    
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                 less than 15%
                 of the
                 estimated
                 cost of work
    
    
    
    
    9.1    Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the
    
    purpose of prescribing the credit limit was to ensure that in the
    
    event the work order is awarded to the successful bidder, such
    
    bidder would have sufficient finances to execute the work and
    
    complete the project within the stipulated time.
    
    9.2    Learned counsel further submitted that under the tender
    
    conditions, each member of the joint venture was required to
    
    satisfy at least 10% of the prescribed financial requirement,
    
    whereas the lead partner was required to satisfy at least 51%
    
    thereof. He also submitted that considering the estimated project
    
    cost    of      Rs.1,284.30/-Crores,            the      prescribed   credit    limit
    
    requirement worked out to 15% thereof, i.e., Rs.192.65/- Crores.
    
    9.3    Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that M/s GVPR Engineering Limited being the lead partner fulfilled
    
    the entire prescribed credit limit requirement of more than
    
    Rs.192.65/- Crores and in fact, had an available credit limit of
    
    Rs.384.85/- Crores as is evident from Annexure-R/5. He also
    
    submitted that the other joint venture partner; namely HES Infra
    
    Pvt. Ltd. was independently required to satisfy only 10% of the
    
    prescribed credit limit requirement. In this regard, the certificate
    
    issued by the Bank of India dated 21.05.2024 clearly certified the
    
    availability of the requisite credit facility.
    
    9.4    Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that
    
    although the said certificate was not strictly in the prescribed FIN-
    
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    2 format, its contents sufficiently established that HES Infra Pvt.
    
    Ltd. had an available credit limit of Rs.20/-Crores, thereby
    
    fulfilling the minimum requirement prescribed under the tender
    
    conditions.
    
    9.5   Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that by
    
    misconstruing the contents of the certificate and merely because it
    
    was not in the exact FIN-2 format, respondent Nos. 1 to 3 without
    
    affording any opportunity to the petitioner to furnish clarification,
    
    wrongly concluded that the petitioner did not possess the requisite
    
    available credit limit as on the relevant date. Consequently, the
    
    petitioner's bid was declared non-responsive.
    
    9.6   Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that the alleged defect was purely curable in nature and could
    
    have been rectified in accordance with the provisions of the RTPP
    
    Act, 2012 and Rule 13 of the Rules of the 2013. He further
    
    submitted that the entire tender process demonstrates that
    
    respondent No. 4 was declared the successful bidder despite
    
    serious deficiencies in its bid. He also submitted that at the stage
    
    of issuance of the LOI, the other bidders who had initially been
    
    declared responsive had failed to extend the validity of their bids,
    
    leaving respondent No. 4 as the sole remaining bidder. Despite
    
    this, and in violation of the provisions of the RTPP Act, 2012 and
    
    Rule 13 of the Rules of 2013, respondent Nos. 2 & 3 proceeded to
    
    issue the LOI in favour of respondent No. 4 in an arbitrary and
    
    discriminatory manner.
    
    9.7   He further submitted that the LOI was thus issued despite
    
    the pendency of the present writ petition and the order passed by
    
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    this Court and was made subject to the out come of the writ
    
    petition.
    
    9.8   Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner also submitted that
    
    the FIN-3 document submitted by respondent No. 4 was not in
    
    conformity with the bidding document. He further submitted that
    
    the Evaluation Committee, in its observations dated 25.04.2024,
    
    specifically recorded the deficiencies in respondent No. 4, FIN-3
    
    document.
    
    9.9   Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that by
    
    adopting discriminatory practices and applying different standards,
    
    respondent Nos. 2 & 3 permitted respondent No. 4 to correct his
    
    FIN-3, whereas the petitioner was not afforded any opportunity at
    
    any point of time to clarify his FIN-2.
    
    9.10 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that despite all these facts having come on record, respondent
    
    Nos. 2 & 3, instead of affording the petitioner an opportunity,
    
    proceeded to justify the estimated cost by the committee which
    
    was excessively high.
    
    9.11 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the
    
    discrimination on the part of the Bidding Authority and the State is
    
    writ large. The petitioner' joint venture was in a summary manner,
    
    declared     non-responsive      without        there      being   any   material
    
    deviation that could have been corrected without affecting the
    
    substance of the bid. There is a clear violation of the provisions of
    
    the RTPP Act, 2012 and the Rules of 2013.
    
    9.12 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner also drew attention
    
    of this Court towards the Committee Meeting (Annexure-1) on
    
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    record, which has          been filed along with the second stay
    
    application. He submitted that there were material deficiencies in
    
    the bidding documents of respondent No. 4 (JWIL). The said
    
    deficiencies were serious and substantial in nature and were, in
    
    fact, incurable. Despite this, respondent No. 4 was granted
    
    sufficient opportunity to rectify the deficiencies and was also
    
    permitted to correct his FIN-3 after clarifications had been sought
    
    by the procuring authority.
    
    9.13 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that the approach adopted by the Bidding Authority was contrary
    
    to the principles of transparency and fairness. The price bid
    
    submitted by respondent No. 4 was substantially higher than the
    
    estimated     project    cost      of    Rs.1284.30/-          Crores.     He    further
    
    submitted that in order to confer an undue advantage upon
    
    respondent No. 4, the estimated cost was sought to be justified
    
    not on the basis of the PHED BSR, 2021 as stipulated in the NIB,
    
    but on the basis of the revised PHED BSR, 2023 and PWD BSR,
    
    2022. He further submitted that, the bid submitted by respondent
    
    No. 4 was approximately 15% higher than the NIB cost.
    
    9.14 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that even as late as 09.06.2025, the tender had not been finalized
    
    and the pre-qualification (PQ) criteria of respondent No. 4 was still
    
    under consideration, whereas the petitioner had already been
    
    declared     non-responsive         vide      order      dated      29.06.2024.      He
    
    submitted     that   although           two   other      bidders     were       declared
    
    responsive, they were not considered as they failed to extend the
    
    validity of their bids. Consequently, respondent No. 4 remained
    
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    the sole bidder, despite its bid being approximately 15% higher
    
    than the NIB cost.
    
    9.15 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner further submitted
    
    that in clear violation of the provisions of the RTPP Act, 2012, the
    
    Rules of 2013, and the bidding documents, the authorities issued
    
    the LOI in favour of respondent No. 4 during the pendency of the
    
    present writ petition, notwithstanding the order of this Court that
    
    the LOI would remain subject to the final outcome of the writ
    
    petition.
    
    9.16 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that had
    
    the procuring authority adopted the same liberal approach
    
    towards the petitioner as it did in the case of respondent No. 4,
    
    the State exchequer could have been saved an amount of Rs.
    
    211/- Crores i.e. Rs.1438.3077/- Crores - Rs.1226.51/- Crores.
    
    9.17 Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner also drew attention
    
    of this Court towards the Rule 9, Rule 60, and Rule 61 of the
    
    Rules of 2013 in support of his submissions. Therefore, he, prayed
    
    that the writ petition be allowed in terms of the prayers as prayed
    
    for.
    
    10. Per contra, learned Advocate General for the State-
    
    respondents Nos. 1 to 3 advanced his submissions and also filed
    
    written arguments. He drew attention of this Court towards the
    
    conditions contained in the NIB, particularly the requirement
    
    relating to the credit limit. Further drew attention of this Court
    
    towards Chapter-I of the bidding document, containing the
    
    instructions to Bidders, specifically required every bidder to
    
    carefully read and understand the instructions, forms, terms and
    
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    conditions governing the tender process. He further submitted
    
    that the bidding documents clearly stipulated that all information
    
    was required to be furnished strictly in the prescribed format.
    
    10.1 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 further drew attention of this Court towards the terms and
    
    conditions governing the preparation of bids as well as the
    
    provisions relating to the "Preliminary Examination of Bids"
    
    contained in the NIB. He further submitted that the last date for
    
    submission of bids, which was originally prescribed, was extended
    
    up to 21.05.2024 and the petitioner submitted its bid on the said
    
    extended     last    date.    The      technical       bids        were    opened     on
    
    22.05.2024.
    
    10.2 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 also referred to the various stages of the bid evaluation
    
    process,      namely,        preliminary            examination,            substantial
    
    responsiveness       evaluation,        pre-qualification            evaluation     and
    
    thereafter, financial evaluation. It was fairly admitted that on
    
    22.05.2024, technical bids of all the four participating bidders
    
    were opened.
    
    10.3 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the first meeting of the Bid Evaluation
    
    Committee was held on 25.06.2024 and minutes were drawn,
    
    wherein the petitioners' bid was found not to satisfy the prescribed
    
    financial eligibility criteria as the FIN-2 which has been provided
    
    by the petitioner did not specifically disclose the total credit limit
    
    available as well as the unutilized credit limit available within three
    
    
    
    
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    months from the date of opening of the pre-qualification bid, as
    
    required under the bidding conditions.
    
    10.4 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the certificate issued by the Union Bank of
    
    India in favour of the lead partner, M/s GVPR was found to be in
    
    conformity with the tender requirements. However, the certificate
    
    dated 21.05.2024 issued by the Bank of India in favour of M/s
    
    HES    Infra    Ltd.   did    not     satisfy      the        prescribed   conditions.
    
    Consequently, the petitioner's bid was declared non-responsive
    
    and the petitioner was informed accordingly vide order dated
    
    29.06.2024.
    
    10.5 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the petitioner challenged the order dated
    
    29.06.2024 by filing a first appeal before the learned First
    
    Appellate Authority, which came to be dismissed vide order dated
    
    12.07.2024,      affirming      the     decision         of    the   Bid   Evaluation
    
    Committee. The petitioner thereafter preferred a second appeal
    
    before the learned Second Appellate Authority, which was also
    
    dismissed vide order dated 21.08.2024.
    
    10.6 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that thereafter, on 03.09.2025, the procuring entity
    
    issued the work order in favour of respondent No. 4 and a formal
    
    contract was also executed with respondent No. 4.
    
    10.7 Learned Advocate General in written submissions have raised
    
    preliminary objections regarding the maintainability of the present
    
    writ petition. It was argued that the writ petition has been filed by
    
    a Joint Venture, which is not a legal entity and therefore, the writ
    
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    petition itself is not maintainable. He further submitted that the
    
    petitioner is an unregistered partnership firm and, therefore, the
    
    writ petition is also barred in view of the provisions of Section 69
    
    of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (hereinafter referred to as the
    
    "Act of 1932").
    
    10.8 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the petitioner has challenged only the order
    
    dated 29.06.2024 and has failed to challenge the subsequent
    
    orders passed by the learned First Appellate Authority dated
    
    12.07.2024 and the learned Second Appellate Authority dated
    
    21.08.2024. Therefore, by virtue of the doctrine of merger, the
    
    original order stood merged with the appellate orders and, in the
    
    absence of any challenge thereto, the writ petition is liable to be
    
    dismissed.
    
    10.9 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the petitioner has made incorrect pleadings by
    
    alleging that the order dated 21.08.2024 is an order, whereas in
    
    fact it was merely the English translated version of the original
    
    order passed in Hindi. He further submitted that this material fact
    
    has neither been disclosed in the pleadings nor in the supporting
    
    affidavit, thereby violating the Rule 22 of the Rajasthan High Court
    
    Rules, 1952 and therefore, the writ petition deserves to be
    
    dismissed.
    
    10.10 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that no relief can be granted in respect of an order
    
    which has not been specifically challenged. Since the petitioner
    
    has not amended the writ petition to challenge the subsequent
    
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    appellate orders, no relief can be granted against those orders in
    
    the present proceedings.
    
    10.11 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that a pure question of law can be raised at any
    
    stage of the proceedings and that the preliminary objections
    
    relating to the maintainability of the writ petition deserve to be
    
    decided at the threshold.
    
    10.12 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 submitted that the controversy involved in the present case is
    
    squarely covered by the judgment rendered in Project Director,
    
    RUID & Others v. M/s Rama Infra & Others (D.B. Special
    
    Appeal (Writ) No. 804/2018) decided on 29.03.2019. He further
    
    submitted that the scope of judicial review in contractual and
    
    tender matters is extremely limited and that on the date of
    
    submission of the bid, the petitioner was admittedly ineligible. The
    
    respondents were under no statutory obligation to seek any
    
    clarification or negotiate with a bidder whose bid had been found
    
    to be non-responsive.
    
    10.13 Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 drew attention of this Court towards Section 5 & 7 of the Act,
    
    2012 and Rule 59, 60 and 61 of the Rules of 2013.
    
    10.14    Lastly,     he      further      submitted          that     while   exercising
    
    jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, this
    
    Court cannot travel beyond the statutory framework governing the
    
    tender process. He further submitted that equitable considerations
    
    cannot override the express provisions of the statute or the terms
    
    
    
    
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    and conditions of the tender document. Therefore, he prayed that
    
    the writ petition be dismissed.
    
    11. Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 supported the
    
    submissions advanced by the learned Advocate General. In
    
    addition thereto, he submitted that respondent No. 4 has filed an
    
    application under Section 379 of BNSS, 2023 alleging that the
    
    petitioner has placed on record a fabricated and forged document,
    
    namely, the purported order of the learned Second Appellate
    
    Authority.
    
    11.1 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 argued that the
    
    writ petition has, in any case, become infructuous inasmuch as the
    
    LOI has already been issued, the contract has been awarded and
    
    executed, and the petitioner has failed to suitably amend the writ
    
    petition so as to challenge the subsequent developments.
    
    11.2 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 submited that
    
    pursuant to the award of the contract, respondent No. 4 has
    
    mobilized substantial machinery, manpower, financial resources
    
    and furnished the requisite bank guarantees. A significant portion
    
    of the work has already been executed and an investment of
    
    crores has been made. He further submitted that any interference
    
    at this stage would not only seriously prejudice the successful
    
    bidder but would also adversely affect the execution of a Major
    
    Public Water Supply Project undertaken in public interest.
    
    11.3 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 drew attention of
    
    this Court towards Section 2(34) of the RTPP Act, 2012 defining a
    
    "responsive bid", as well as Section 60(4) of the said Act. He also
    
    
    
    
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    referred to Clauses 1.12 & 11.2 read with Clauses 5.1, 20.1 and
    
    21.1 of the bidding documents.
    
    11.4 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 argued that FIN-2
    
    certificate furnished by the petitioner's Joint Venture partner, M/s
    
    HES Infra Pvt. Ltd., did not disclose the availability of the requisite
    
    credit limit as on the date of submission of the bid, which
    
    constituted a breach of the mandatory conditions of the tender
    
    document. Consequently, the petitioner's bid was rightly declared
    
    non-responsive.
    
    11.5 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 further argued that
    
    the petitioner has filed a false affidavit before this Court and,
    
    therefore, the writ petition deserves to be dismissed in limine.
    
    11.6 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 further submitted
    
    that the original order dated 29.06.2024 stood merged with the
    
    appellate orders dated 12.07.2024 and 21.08.2024. Since the
    
    petitioner has not challenged the subsequent appellate orders, the
    
    present writ petition is not maintainable and is liable to be
    
    dismissed on this ground alone.
    
    11.7 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 further argued that
    
    while exercising jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution
    
    of India, this Court ought not to interfere in matters relating to
    
    tender evaluation except in cases of arbitrariness, malafides or
    
    violation of statutory provisions, none of which is made out in the
    
    present case.
    
    11.8 Learned counsel for respondent no. 4 pointed out that as on
    
    March, 2026, works valuing approximately Rs.188.20/-Crores
    
    (inclusive of GST) had already been completed and further
    
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    purchase orders worth approximately Rs.433/-Crores had also
    
    been issued. Therefore, he submitted that the deficiency in the
    
    FIN-2 certificate furnished by the petitioner's Joint Venture was of
    
    such a fundamental nature that it could neither be clarified nor
    
    rectified after submission of the bid. Accordingly, the decision of
    
    the Bid Evaluation Committee in declaring the petitioner's bid non-
    
    responsive was fully justified. Therefore, he prayed that the writ
    
    petition be dismissed.
    
    12.   In rejoinder the learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner
    
    submitted that the filing of the English translated copy of the
    
    order dated 21.08.2024 of the learned Second Appellate Authority,
    
    instead of the original Hindi version, was only a bonafide
    
    procedural irregularity. The translation was a true and correct
    
    translation generated through Google Lens, the original Hindi
    
    order has since been placed on record by both the respondents
    
    and the petitioner, and its authenticity was never disputed in the
    
    reply; therefore, the objection raised during arguments is merely
    
    an afterthought.
    
    12.1 Learned counsel in rejoinder further submitted that the
    
    objection regarding maintainability of the writ petition at the stage
    
    of arguments under Section 69 of the Act of 1932 is misconceived
    
    and beyond the pleadings. It was submitted that the petitioner
    
    participated in the tender as a Joint Venture, which was expressly
    
    permissible under the tender conditions and accepted by the
    
    respondents throughout the tender process. Section 69 of the Act
    
    of 1932 applies only to suits for enforcement of contractual rights
    
    and has no application to proceedings under Article 226 of the
    
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    Constitution.        It   was    also     submitted         that      the   writ   petition
    
    specifically challenges the legality of the orders passed by the
    
    procuring authorities under the RTPP Act, 2012 and that the
    
    constitutional jurisdiction of this Court cannot be curtailed by
    
    technical objections regarding the form of challenge.
    
    12.2     Learned Senior Counsel also opposed the respondents'
    
    application under Section 379 read with Section 215 of the BNSS,
    
    2023, contending that no case of forgery, falsehood or perjury is
    
    made out and that the application is frivolous, malafide and
    
    intended only to prejudice the petitioner during the pendency of
    
    the writ petition.
    
    13.    Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner placed reliance on
    
    the judgments: -
    
           (i) Uday Shankar Triyar vs. Ram Kalewar Prasad
           Singh reported in (2006) 1 SCC 75.
    
           (ii) Umesh Goyal vs H.P. Coop. Group Housing Society
           Ltd. reported in (2016) 11 SCC 313.
    
           (iii) State of U.P. vs. Mohammad Nooh reported in AIR
           1958 SC 86.
    
           (iv) Shivani Chaurasia vs State of Uttar Pradesh
           reported in (2024) 0 Supreme (All) 819.
    
           (v) Puran Singh vs State of Punjab reported in (1996)
           2 SCC 205.
    
           (vi) Ram and Shyam Co. vs. State of Haryana reported
           in (1985) 3 SCC 267.
    
           (vii) Poddar Steel Corpn. Vs. Ganesh Engineering
           Works reported in (1991) 3 SCC 273.
    
           (viii) CAG vs. K.S. Jagannathan reported in (1986) 2
           SCC 679,
    
    
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          (ix) Assn of Registration Plates vs. Union of India
          reported in (2005) 1 SCC 679.
    
          (x)   Banshidhar      Construction            (P)     Ltd.   vs.    Bharat
          Coking Coal Ltd. reported in (2024) 10 SCC 273.
    
          (xi) Shanigrila Food Products Ltd. vs. LIC reported in
          (1996) 5 SCC 54.
    
          (xii) Sumtibai and others vs. Paras Finance Co. regd.
          Partnership Firm Beawar (Raj.) reported in (2007) 10
          SCC 82.
    
          (xiii) State of Orissa vs. Mamata Mohanty reported in
          (2011) 3 SCC 436.
    
          (xiv) State of Punjab vs. Bandeep Singh reported in
          (2016) 1 SCC 724.
    
          (xv) Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, Gian
          Prakash, New Delhi and another vs. K.S. Jagannathan
          and another reported in (1986) 2 SCC 679.
    
          (xvi) Uttam Chand Jain vs. Anil Jain, in S.B. Civil Writ
          Petition No. 8541/2025 decided on 26.02.2026.
    
          (xvii) M/s. Geo Miller Co. Pvt. Ltd. vs. State of
          Rajasthan and Anr. reported in AIR 2016 RAJ 130.
    
          (xviii) The Porject Director and others vs. M/s. Ramky
          Infrastructure      Ltd.,      in    D.B.      Special     Appela    (Writ)
          804/2018 and connected matters.
    
    14.   Learned Advocate General for the State-respondents Nos. 1
    
    to 3 placed reliance on the following judgments:
    
          (i) Deputy Commissioner of Sales Tax, (Law) BOR
          (Taxes), Ernakulam vs. M/s Kelukutty reported in
          (1985) 4 SCC 35.
          (ii) Ethiopian Artilines vs. Ganesh Narain Saboo
          reported in (2011) 8 SCC 539.
          (iii) Shanti vs. T.D. Vishwanathan & Anr. reported in
          (2019) 11 SCC 419.
    
    
    
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          (iv) State of Orissa & Anr. vs Mamta Mohanty reported
          in (2011) 3 SCC 436.
          (v)      Allahabad      University          vs.      Geetanjali     Tiwari
          (Pandey) & Ors. reported in (2024) 20 SCC 23.
          (vi) ADM (City) Agra vs. Prabhakar Chaturvedi & Anr.
          reported in (1996) 2 SCC 12.
          (vii)    State    of    W.B.        &     Anr.      vs.      West   Bengal
          Registration Copywriters Ass. & Anr. reported in
          (2009) 14 SCC 132.
          (viii)    Yeshwant Deorao vs. Walchand Ramchand
          reported in AIR 1951 SC 16.
          (ix) DGP, CRPF vs. P.M. Ramalingam reported in
          (2009) 1 SCC 193.
          (x) Union of India vs. Adani Exports reported in
          (2002) 1 SCC 567.
          (xi) Project Director, RUIDP & Ors. vs. M/s Ramky
          Infrastructure Ltd. & Ors. (DBSAW                            o. 804/2018)
          decided on 29.03.2019.
          (xii) Silppi Construction Contractors vs. Union of
          India & Anr. reported in (2020) 16 SCC 489.
          (xiii) Michigan Rubber (India) Ltd. vs. State of
          Karnataka reported in (2012) 8 SCC 216.
          (xiv) Meerut Development Authority vs. Association
          of Management Studies reported in (2009) 6 SCC 171.
          (xv) N.G. Projects Ltd. vs. M.s Vinod Kumar Jain &
          Ors. reported in (2022) 6 SCC 127.
          (xvi) TATA Motors Ltd. vs. The Brihan Mumbai
          Electric Supply & Transport Undertaking (BEST) &
          Ors. (Civil Appeal No. 3887 of 2023).
          (xvii) KSRTC vs. Ashrafulla Khan & Ors. reported in
          (2002) 2 SCC 560.
          (xviii) Council of ISCE vs. Isha Mittal & Anr. reported
          in (2000) 7 SCC 521.
    15. Learned counsel for the respondent no. 4 placed reliance on
    
    the following judgments:-
    
    
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          (i) Madras High Court Advocates' Association vs. Dr.
          A.S. Anand, Hon'ble The CJI and anothers reported in
          (2001) 3 SCC 19.
          (ii) Aman Singh vs Union of India reported in (2011) 7
          SCC 69.
    
          (iii) Balbir Singh and Anr. vs. Baldev Singh (dead)
          through LRs reported in (2025) 3 SCC 543.
    
          (iv) Stteag Energy Services (India) Pvt. Ltd. vs. GSPC
          Pipavav Power Company Ltd. (GPPC) and others
          reported in 2026 SCC Online SC 478.
    
          (v) Rishikesh Kumar Singh vs. State of Bihar reported
          in 2019 SCC Online Pat 4016.
    
          (vi) N.G. Projects Ltd. vs. Vinod Kumar Jain reported in
          (2022) 6 SCC 127.
    
          (vii) Jagdish Mandal vs State of Orissa reported in
          (2007) 14 SCC 517.
    
          (viii) Tata Motors Ltd. vs. Brihan Mumbai Supply and
          Transport Undertaking reported in (2023) 19 SCC 1.
    
          (ix) Steag Energy Services (India) Pvt. Ltd. vs. GSPC
          Pipavav Power Company Ltd. (GSPC) and others
          reported in 2026 SCC Online SC 478.
    
          (x) N.G. Projects Ltd. vs. Vinod Kumar Jain reported in
          (2022) 6 SCC 127.
    
          (xi) Afcons InfrastructureLtd. vs. Nagpur Metro Rail
          Corporation Ltd. and Anothers reported in (2016) 16
          SCC 818.
    
          (xii) Centsal Coalfields Ltd. and anothers vs. SLL-SML
          (Joint Venture Consortium) and Ors. reported in
          (2016) 8 SCC 622.
    
          (xiii)   W.B.    State        Electricity          Board    vs.   Patel
          Engineering Co. Ltd. and Ors. reported in (2001) 2
          SCC 451.
    
    
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          (xiv) Sorath Builders vs. Shreejikrupa Buildcon Ltd.
          and another reported in (2009) 11 SCC 9.
    
          (xv) Ram Gajadhar Nishad vs. State of U.P. and
          others reported in (1990) 2 SCC 486.
    
          (xvi) State of Jharkhand and others vs. CWE-SOMA
          Consortium reported in (2016) 14 SCC 172.
    
          (xvii) Giepl-Hsepl JV vs The Additional Chief Engineer
          and others in S.B. Civil Writ Petition 8466/2018.
    
          (xviii) Dilip Buildcon Ltd. vs. State of Rajasthan and
          others reported in MANU/RH/1612/2019.
    
    16.   Heard all the parties and perused the material available on
    
    record.
    
    17.   Before adverting to the writ petition on merits, this Court
    
    deems it appropriate to first consider certain objections raised
    
    by    the   respondents,    although         such      objections    were   not
    
    specifically pleaded in their reply.
    
    18.   One of the principal objections jointly raised by all the
    
    respondents is that the petitioner has not challenged the
    
    subsequent developments that occurred during the pendency of
    
    the present writ petition, namely, the issuance of the LOI, the
    
    work order, the execution of the agreement, and the substantial
    
    progress of the work. It was further contended that respondent
    
    No. 4 has made substantial investments pursuant thereto, and
    
    therefore, this Court ought not to entertain the writ petition at
    
    this stage.
    
    18.1 This Court finds that immediately after the impugned order
    
    dated 29.06.2024 was passed, the petitioner approached the
    
    competent authorities for redressal of its grievances. Thereafter,
    
    
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    the present writ petition was instituted on 29.08.2024. The Co-
    
    ordinate Bench of this Court, vide an interim order dated
    
    16.10.2024, passed the following directions:
    
          "1. It has been stated that petitioner in joint venture
          (JV) with partner-M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd., participated in
          NIB      No.10/2023-2024                and       in     the    preliminary
          examination, the petitioner's bid was passed by the Bid
          Evaluation Committee. However, on the next stage of
          evaluation i.e. a substantial evaluation, petitioner's bid
          was declared non-responsive with the remark "as bidder
          does not meet the financial criteria (PQ criteria) with
          regard to credit limit requirement" vide office order
          dated 29.06.2024 released from the Office of Additional
          Chief Engineer, (Project), Public Health And Engineering
          Department, Project Division Bharatpur.
          2. Learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of
          petitioner argued that deficiency in respect of credit
          limit requirement of petitioner has been observed in
          respect of joint venture (JV) partner-M/s HES Infra Pvt.
          Ltd. and the certificate dated 21.05.2024 issued by the
          Bank of India has not been accepted merely for
          technical reason that same is not issued in form of
          prescribed and proper format.
          3. Learned Senior Counsel for petitioner vehemently
          argued that such defect is curable and the procuring
          authority in exercise of its powers with the aid of Rule
          59, 60 and 61 of the Rajasthan Transparency in Public
          Procurement Rules, 2013 could have asked to submit a
          fresh certificate in proper format, since same does not
          amount         to   material       deviation,          rather   pertains   to
          clarification of the conditions of tendered document.
          4. Learned Senior Counsel submits that declaring the
          petitioner's bid as non-responsive on such technical
          ground is violative to the aim and object of Rajasthan
          Transparency in Public Procurement Act, 2012. The First
    
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          Appellate Authority and Second Appellate Authority,
          being      the   superior       officers       of     the    respondent-
          department, has dismissed the appeals filed by the
          petitioner in a mechanical manner, hence, the order
          dated 29.06.2024 be quashed and petitioner be held
          responsive/eligible to participate in the financial bid.
          5. Learned Senior Counsel argued that since the
          decision       making     process       of     respondent-authorities
          suffers from infirmity as much as the order impugned
          suffers from vice of arbitrariness and stands in clear-cut
          violation of Article 14 of the Constitution of India,
          therefore, in such peculiar facts and circumstances, the
          writ    jurisdiction     has       been       invoked        against   the
          arbitrariness of the respondents-authorities in ousting
          the petitioner to participate in financial bid, which
          resulted against the public interest.
          6. Per contra, counsel for respondent No.4 who has
          been impleaded as party being another participant to
          NIB and being declared as L-1 bidder, argued that after
          declaring the petitioner as non-responsive bidder vide
          order dated 29.06.2024, the financial bid has been
          opened on 04.07.2024, wherein respondent No.4 has
          been declared as L-1 bidder and only Letter of Intent
          (LOI) is to be issued in his favour.
          7. Learned counsel appearing for respondent No.4
          argued that the certificate dated 21.05.2024 issued by
          Bank of India in favour of M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd., joint
          venture partner of petitioner to participate in the bid, is
          in form of an advice and a conditional certificate to
          provide credit limit subject to grant of tender contract
          which does not meet the requisite criteria of cash credit
          limit as stipulated in Clause 1.3 of "eligibility criteria for
          credit limit" of the tendered document. Hence, the bid of
          petitioner has rightly been rejected.
          8. Learned counsel for respondent No.4 submits that
          since respondent No.4 has been declared as L1 bidder,
    
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          at this juncture no interference by the High Court in writ
          jurisdiction   be    made       in    the    present        writ    petition
          pertaining to challenging the process of Government
          tender.
          9. Heard. Considered.
          10. Let notice to respondents No.1 to 3 of writ petition
          as also of stay application be issued. In addition, copy of
          writ petition may be served in the Office of Additional
          Advocate General, Ms. Mahi Yadav for PHED (Public
          Health and Engineering Department).
          11. List the matter on 05.11.2024.
          12.Having      considered       the     facts     and       circumstances
          obtaining in the present case, it is hereby observed that
          issuance of LOI in favour of respondent No.4 shall
          remain subject to order(s) passed in the instant
          petition."
                                                        (Emphasis Supplied)
    18.2 This Court finds that, as on the date of the interim order
    
    dated 16.10.2024, the tender evaluation process had not attained
    
    finality. The bid of respondent No. 4 had neither attained finality
    
    nor had respondent No. 4 been finally declared to be a responsive
    
    bidder. The record reveals that certain queries raised by the
    
    tendering authority remained pending consideration, and the
    
    determination of the responsiveness of respondent No. 4 was
    
    contingent upon the satisfactory resolution thereof. It was in these
    
    circumstances, when the evaluation process itself remained
    
    incomplete, and the Co-ordinate Bench of this Court, being
    
    satisfied that the petitioner had made out a prima facie case,
    
    issued notice in the writ petition and directed that any LOI/Work
    
    Order issued in favour of respondent No. 4 would remain subject
    
    to the final outcome of the present writ petition.
    
    
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    18.3 It is an admitted position that none of the respondents
    
    sought any review, modification, clarification, or vacation of the
    
    aforesaid interim order, and the same continued to operate
    
    throughout the pendency of the proceedings. Subsequently, the
    
    LOI/Work Order came to be issued only on 03.09.2025, nearly
    
    eleven months after the passing of the interim order dated
    
    16.10.2024. Significantly, the LOI/Work Order itself expressly
    
    records that it has been issued subject to the final outcome of the
    
    present writ petition, thereby giving effect to and acting in
    
    conformity with the directions contained in the interim order.
    
    18.4 In view thereof, any rights or obligations arising from the
    
    said LOI/Work Order are necessarily conditional and remain
    
    subject to the final adjudication of the present writ petition.
    
    Having accepted the interim order and consciously acted in
    
    accordance therewith, the respondents cannot now be permitted
    
    to contend that the subsequent issuance of the LOI/Work Order
    
    has rendered the writ petition infructuous or has otherwise
    
    affected its maintainability. Such a contention is inconsistent with
    
    their own conduct and is liable to be rejected.
    
    18.5 This Court also notes that the respondents issued the LOI
    
    nearly 11 months after the interim order dated 16.10.2024.
    
    During this interregnum, respondents Nos. 1 to 3 had ample
    
    opportunity to seek clarifications from the petitioner, and in fact,
    
    queries had been raised to the respondent No. 4. However, despite
    
    waiting for almost one year before finally declaring respondent No.
    
    4 as responsive, the respondents failed to extend a similar
    
    
    
    
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    opportunity to the petitioner to clarify the alleged deficiencies in
    
    its bid.
    
    18.6 In view of the foregoing discussion, the preliminary objection
    
    raised by the respondents regarding the maintainability of the writ
    
    petition on account of subsequent developments is liable to be
    
    rejected. The subsequent issuance of the LOI/Work Order, having
    
    been expressly made subject to the final outcome of the present
    
    writ petition, did not give rise to any independent or distinct cause
    
    of action requiring the petitioner to institute a separate challenge
    
    or   amend     the    reliefs      already       sought.        The   validity   of   the
    
    consequential actions taken by the respondents remains wholly
    
    dependent upon the legality of the impugned tender process,
    
    which is the principal issue under consideration in the present
    
    proceedings.
    
    18.7 This Court is further of the considered opinion that the
    
    issuance of the LOI/Work Order during the pendency of the writ
    
    petition constituted merely a consequential step undertaken in
    
    conformity with the interim order of this Court and did not alter
    
    the nature or scope of the controversy. Accepting the respondents'
    
    contention would lead to the anomalous consequence of requiring
    
    a litigant to repeatedly amend pleadings or institute fresh
    
    proceedings upon every consequential administrative action taken
    
    during the pendency of the litigation, notwithstanding that such
    
    actions are expressly made subject to the final adjudication of the
    
    Court.     Such      an      approach          would        unnecessarily        multiply
    
    proceedings, undermine the principle of judicial economy, and
    
    elevate procedural form over substantive justice. Accordingly, the
    
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    subsequent issuance of the LOI/Work Order neither affects the
    
    maintainability of the writ petition nor renders the present
    
    proceedings infructuous.
    
    18.8 This Court is further guided by the equitable principle
    
    embodied in the Latin maxim pendente lite nihil innovetur,
    
    meaning thereby that during the pendency of litigation, the
    
    subject matter of the dispute should not be altered to the
    
    prejudice of the rights of the parties awaiting adjudication by the
    
    Court. The maxim is founded upon the broader principle that
    
    judicial   proceedings     should       not     be    rendered          ineffective   or
    
    frustrated by unilateral acts undertaken while the dispute remains
    
    sub judice. Although the respondents were not restrained from
    
    proceeding with the tender process, the Co-ordinate Bench of this
    
    Court had categorically directed that any LOI/Work Order issued in
    
    favour of respondent No. 4 would remain subject to the final
    
    outcome of the present writ petition. The subsequent issuance of
    
    the LOI in conformity with that order was, therefore, necessarily
    
    provisional     and   incapable        of     conferring          any    absolute     or
    
    indefeasible rights upon respondent No. 4.
    
    18.9 Accordingly, the respondents cannot contend that the
    
    execution of the LOI or the consequential agreement has created
    
    a fait accompli or rendered the present writ petition infructuous.
    
    To accept such a contention would permit a party to defeat the
    
    efficacy of pending judicial proceedings by taking consequential
    
    administrative steps during their pendency, notwithstanding that
    
    such steps were expressly made subject to the ultimate decision
    
    of the Court. Such a course would not only undermine the
    
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    authority of judicial orders but would also be contrary to the
    
    salutary principle underlying the maxim pendente lite nihil
    
    innovetur, which seeks to preserve the efficacy of the judicial
    
    process until the rights of the parties are finally determined.
    
    18.10 In view of the foregoing discussion, this Court has no
    
    hesitation in holding that the objection raised by the respondents
    
    regarding     the    petitioner's      alleged       failure       to   challenge      the
    
    subsequent       developments          is    wholly        misconceived,         legally
    
    untenable, and devoid of any merit. The subsequent events
    
    neither     render   the    writ    petition       infructuous          nor   affect   its
    
    maintainability. The objection is accordingly rejected.
    
    19.   Another objection raised by respondent No. 4 is that the
    
    documents annexed with the writ petition are not duly supported
    
    by a proper affidavit and, therefore, the writ petition is liable to be
    
    rejected.
    
    19.1 This Court finds that the writ petition was filed on
    
    29.08.2024. Significantly, no such objection was raised by any of
    
    the respondents in their respective replies. The objection has been
    
    raised for the first time during the course of final arguments.
    
    19.2 Learned counsel for the respondent No. 4 filed an application
    
    under Section 379 of the BNSS, 2023 praying that a false
    
    evidence has been filed and, therefore, seeking initiation of
    
    criminal proceedings against the petitioner.
    
    19.3 This Court finds that during the hearing, it was noticed that
    
    the order of the learned Second Appellate Authority placed on
    
    record was not the original order. Learned Advocate General
    
    submitted that the original order of the learned Second Appellate
    
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    Authority had been passed in Hindi, whereas the document
    
    annexed with the writ petition was its English translation. Both
    
    parties were heard at length on the issue regarding the effect of
    
    the English translation being placed on record when the original
    
    order was already available.
    
    19.4 This Court has perused the record. The affidavit filed by the
    
    petitioner in support of the documents annexed with the writ
    
    petition,    particularly    at    page      Nos.      165      and   166,   contains
    
    paragraph 2, which reads as under:
    
          "That the annexed document Annex.1 to are true and
          exact photo copies/downloaded copies/certified copies
          of their originals."
    19.5 A perusal of the said affidavit reveals that when the writ
    
    petition was         initially filed, the affidavit in support of the
    
    documents was not happily or appropriately worded. However, if
    
    the affidavit was defective or not in the prescribed form, the same
    
    ought to have been objected by the Registry at the time of
    
    scrutiny. This Court finds that no such objection was ever raised
    
    by the Registry, thereafter the writ petition came to be registered
    
    and notices were duly issued to the respondents.
    
    19.6 The objection has surfaced only at the stage of final
    
    arguments. In the opinion of this Court, even assuming that the
    
    affidavit was deficient or not in the proper format, such deficiency
    
    would, at best, constitute a curable defect. It is well settled that
    
    where the Court finds that where an affidavit supporting annexed
    
    documents is incomplete or not in the prescribed format, the
    
    defect can always be rectified by permitting the filing of a proper
    
    affidavit.
    
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    19.7 The record further reveals that Learned Senior Counsel for
    
    the petitioner has, in fact, filed a duly corrected affidavit on
    
    26.05.2026, wherein paragraph No.2 specifically states as under:
    
           "2. THAT the Annexure-1 to 6 and 8 to the writ
           petition are true and correct photocopy of the original.
           Annexure-7       is   collectively        the     true      and    correct
           photocopy of the memo of second appeal and the
           English translation of the order dated 21.08.2024 of
           the second appellate authority, as delivered by the
           Google Lens and is actual translation of the original
           order in Hindi language."
    19.8 A bare perusal of the affidavits referred to in paragraph 19.4
    
    reveals that no affidavit was filed with respect to the annexure
    
    generated through Google Lens, i.e., the order of the learned
    
    Second Appellate Authority. The affidavit was filed only in respect
    
    of Annexure-1.
    
    19.9 This Court further finds that the corrected affidavit, as
    
    referred to in paragraph 19.7 of this order, has been filed, which
    
    clearly demonstrates that Annexure-7 consisted of the photocopy
    
    of the memo of the second appeal along with the English
    
    translation of the order dated 21.08.2024 passed by the learned
    
    Second Appellate Authority.
    
    19.10 In view of the above, this Court finds no merit in the
    
    contention advanced by learned counsel for respondent No. 4
    
    seeking initiation of criminal proceedings under Section 379 of the
    
    BNSS, 2023. the omission in original affidavit was a curable
    
    procedural defect, which has since been rectified by filing the
    
    corrected affidavit.      No material has been placed on record to
    
    
    
    
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    establish any deliberate falsehood or intention to mislead the
    
    Court.
    
    19.11 Consequently, the objection raised by respondent No. 4 is
    
    devoid of merit and is, accordingly, rejected.
    
    20. Learned counsel for the respondents have also raised a
    
    preliminary objection that the writ petition is liable to be dismissed
    
    on the ground that although the petitioner has challenged the
    
    original order dated 29.06.2024, the orders passed by the learned
    
    First Appellate Authority and the learned Second Appellate
    
    Authority have not been assailed. It was submitted that the
    
    doctrine of merger would apply and therefore, in the absence of a
    
    challenge to the appellate orders, the writ petition is not
    
    maintainable.
    
    20.1 This Court has considered the aforesaid objection and finds
    
    no merit therein. The doctrine of merger is primarily applicable in
    
    cases where a decree or order of a subordinate Court merges into
    
    the decree or order passed by the superior forum. The object of
    
    the doctrine is to determine the limitation for execution of a
    
    decree and to identify the operative decree or order for purposes
    
    of limitation. The said doctrine cannot be mechanically extended
    
    to every administrative or quasi-judicial proceeding.
    
    20.2 In the present case, the impugned action whereby the
    
    petitioner's bid was declared non-responsive is contained in the
    
    order dated 29.06.2024 passed by the Procuring Entity. Although
    
    the petitioner thereafter availed the statutory remedies before the
    
    learned First Appellate Authority and the learned Second Appellate
    
    Authority under the provisions of the RTPP Act, 2012, the original
    
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    decision declaring the petitioner's bid as non-responsive does not
    
    cease to exist nor does it merge in the appellate orders in the
    
    manner suggested by the respondents.
    
    20.3    While        exercising     its    extraordinary             jurisdiction    under
    
    Article 226 of the Constitution of India, this Court is required to
    
    examine the legality, validity and propriety of the original
    
    administrative action. If the Court finds that the order dated
    
    29.06.2024 is contrary to the provisions of the Act, the Rule, or
    
    the terms and conditions of the NIB, it is well within its jurisdiction
    
    to interfere with the said order. Merely because the appellate
    
    orders have not been specifically challenged would not, by itself,
    
    render the writ petition non-maintainable by invoking the doctrine
    
    of merger.
    
    20.4 The doctrine of merger, in the facts of the present case,
    
    cannot be applied so as to defeat the exercise of the constitutional
    
    jurisdiction of this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution. The
    
    availability and exhaustion of the statutory appellate remedies do
    
    not denude this Court of its power to examine the legality of the
    
    original administrative order.
    
    20.5    Therefore,       this     preliminary         objection         raised      by   the
    
    respondents is devoid of merit and deserves to be, and is hereby,
    
    rejected.
    
    20.6 In reaching the above conclusion this court relies on a
    
    judgment passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of U.P.
    
    v. Mohd. Nooh (Supra), wherein it was held that the doctrine of
    
    merger does not have universal application and an original order
    
    continues to remain operative unless modified or set aside in
    
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    appeal or revision. The mere dismissal of an appeal or revision
    
    does not obliterate or supersede the original order, except for
    
    limited purposes such as computation of limitation. The relevant
    
    extracts from the aforesaid judgment, having a bearing on the
    
    controversy     involved     in    the     present        case,    are     reproduced
    
    hereinbelow:
    
          "19. There appear to be two answers to the foregoing
          contention. As we have already observed an order of
          dismissal passed on a departmental enquiry by an officer
          in the department and an order passed by another
          officer   next   higher       in    rank     dismissing      an      appeal
          therefrom and an order rejecting an application for
          revision by the head of the department can hardly be
          equated with any propriety with decrees made in a civil
          suit under the Code of Civil Procedure by the court of
          first instance and the decree dismissing the appeal
          therefrom by an appeal court and the order dismissing
          the revision petition by a yet higher court, as has been
          sought to be done by the High Court in this case,
          because the departmental tribunals of the first instance
          or on appeal or revision are not regular courts manned
          by persons trained in law although they may have the
          trappings of the courts of law. The danger of so doing is
          evident from what has happened in the very case now
          before us.
          20. In the next place, while it is true that a decree of a
          court of first instance may be said to merge in the
          decree passed on appeal therefrom or even in the order
          passed in revision, it does so only for certain purposes,
          namely, for the purposes of computing the period of
          limitation for execution of the decree as in Batuk Nath v.
          Munni Dei [Batuk Nath v. Munni Dei, 1914 SCC OnLine
          PC 14 : (1913-14) 41 IA 104] , or for computing the
          period of limitation for an application for final decree in a
    
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          mortgage suit as in Jowad Hussain v. Gendan Singh
          [Jowad Hussain v. Gendan Singh, 1926 SCC OnLine PC
          28 : (1925-26) 53 IA 197] . But, as pointed out by Sir
          Lawrence Jenkins in delivering the judgment of the Privy
          Council in Juscurn Boid v. Pirthichand Lal [Juscurn Boid
          v. Pirthichand Lal, 1918 SCC OnLine PC 85 : (1918-19)
          46 IA 52 : ILR (1919) 46 Cal 670 at pp. 678-679] ,
          whatever be the theory under other systems of law,
          under the Indian law and procedure an original decree is
          not suspended by the presentation of an appeal nor is its
          operation interrupted where the decree on appeal is
          merely one of dismissal. There is nothing in the Indian
          law to warrant the suggestion that the decree or order of
          the court or tribunal of the first instance becomes final
          only on the termination of all proceedings by way of
          appeal or revision. The filing of the appeal or revision
          may put the decree or order in jeopardy but until it is
          reversed or modified it remains effective. In that view of
          the matter the original order of dismissal passed on 20-
          4-1948 was not suspended by the presentation of appeal
          by the respondent nor was its operation interrupted
          when the Deputy Inspector General of Police simply
          dismissed the appeal from that order or the Inspector
          General simply dismissed the application for revision.
          The original order of dismissal, if there were no inherent
          infirmities in it, was operative on its own strength and it
          did not gain any greater efficacy from the subsequent
          orders of dismissal of the appeal or the revision except
          for the specific purposes hereinbefore mentioned. That
          order of dismissal having been passed before the
          Constitution and rights having accrued to the appellant
          State and liabilities having attached to the respondent
          before the Constitution came into force, the subsequent
          conferment of jurisdiction and powers on the High Court
          can have no retrospective operation on such rights and
          liabilities.   Even    if   the     order      of    dismissal    of   the
    
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          respondent was a nullity on the ground that it was
          passed by disregarding the rules of natural justice, the
          High Court could not properly be asked to exercise its
          newly acquired jurisdiction and powers under Article 226
          to correct errors, irregularities or illegalities committed
          by    the      inferior    departmental           tribunal     before   the
          commencement of the Constitution, for then there will
          be no limit to its going backward and that will certainly
          amount to giving the provisions of Article 226 a
          retroactive operation. This aspect of the matter does not
          appear to have been pressed in the High Court or
          adverted to by it. It is only on this ground that we are
          constrained, not without regret, to accept this appeal."
    
    21.   Another objection raised by respondent Nos. 1 to 3 is with
    
    regard to the fact that the writ petition is not maintainable as
    
    being barred by Section 69(2) of the Act of 1932. Learned counsel
    
    for respondent No. 4 submitted that a reading of the Joint Venture
    
    agreement executed between the petitioner and M/s HES Infra
    
    Pvt. Ltd. reveals that it provides for sharing of profits and,
    
    therefore, answers the definition of a "partnership" under the Act
    
    of 1932. It is contended that since the alleged partnership firm is
    
    not registered, the present writ petition is barred under Section
    
    69(2) of the Act of 1932 and is, therefore, not maintainable.
    
    21.1 At the outset, it is noticed that no such objection was raised
    
    by any of the respondents in their written reply. The said
    
    contention has been raised for the first time during the course of
    
    final arguments.
    
    21.2 This Court further finds that the NIB itself specifically
    
    contemplated participation by Joint Ventures and required only
    
    that the constituent members execute a Joint Venture agreement
    
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    before participating in the bidding process. At no stage does the
    
    NIB stipulate that such Joint Venture agreement must necessarily
    
    constitute a registered partnership firm under the Act of 1932.
    
    Had such a condition been intended, the procuring entity would
    
    have expressly incorporated the same as an essential eligibility
    
    condition. No such requirement finds place in the bidding
    
    documents.
    
    21.3 It is also pertinent to note that respondent No. 4 has not
    
    placed on record its any Joint Venture agreement to demonstrate
    
    that it had constituted a registered partnership firm before
    
    participating in the bidding process. Learned Advocate General has
    
    failed to produce any document or material to establish that
    
    respondent No. 4, namely SPML-JWIL JV, was constituted as a
    
    registered partnership firm or that registration under the Act of
    
    1932 was treated as a mandatory requirement under the tender
    
    conditions.
    
    21.4 On the contrary, the agreement executed by the State-
    
    respondents with respondent No. 4 clearly reflects that the
    
    contract has been awarded to the Joint Venture itself and not to
    
    any registered partnership firm. This itself demonstrates that
    
    registration under the RTPP Act, 2012 was never treated as a
    
    condition precedent for participation in the bidding process.
    
    21.5 Even otherwise, Section 69(2) of the Act of 1932 has a
    
    limited application. The said provision bars the institution of a suit
    
    to enforce a right arising out of a contract by or on behalf of an
    
    unregistered partnership firm. The present proceedings are not in
    
    the nature of a civil suit but are proceedings under Article 226 of
    
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    the   Constitution    of   India      invoking        the        extraordinary   writ
    
    jurisdiction of this Court. The statutory bar contained in Section
    
    69(2) of the Act of 1932 is, therefore, not attracted to the present
    
    proceedings. Section 69 of the Act of 1932 reads as under:
    
           "69. Effect of non-registration.--
           (1)No suit to enforce a right arising from a contract or
           conferred by this Act shall be instituted in any court by
           or on behalf of any person suing as a partner in a firm
           against the firm or any person alleged to be or to have
           been a partner in the firm unless the firm is registered
           and the person suing is or has been shown in the
           Register of Firms as a partner in the firm.
           (2)No suit to enforce a right arising from a contract
           shall be instituted in any Court by or on behalf of a firm
           against any third party unless the firm is registered and
           the persons suing are or have been shown in the
           Register of Firms as partners in the firm.
           (3)The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall
           apply also to a claim of set-off or other proceeding to
           enforce a right arising from a contract, but shall not
           affect,--
              (a)the enforcement of any right to sue for the
              dissolution of a firm or for accounts of a dissolved
              firm, or any right or power to realise the property
              of a dissolved firm, or
              (b)the powers of an official assignee, receiver or
              Court under the Presidency-towns Insolvency Act,
              1909 (3 of 1909) or the Provincial Insolvency Act,
              1920 (5 of 1920) to realise the property of an
              insolvent partner.
              (4)This section shall not apply,--
              (a)to firms or to partners in firms which have no
              place of business in the territories to which this Act
              extends, or whose places of business in the said
    
    
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              territories, are situated in areas to which, by
              notification under section 56, this Chapter does not
              apply, or
              (b)to any suit or claim of set-off not exceeding one
              hundred rupees in value which, in the Presidency-
              towns, is not of a kind specified in section 19 of the
              Presidency Small Cause Courts Act, 1882 (5 of
              1882), or, outside the Presidency-towns, is not of a
              kind specified in the Second Schedule to the
              Provincial Small Cause Courts Act, 1887 (9 of
              1887), or to any proceeding in execution or other
              proceeding incidental to or arising from any such
              suit or claim."
    21.6 A bare reading of Section 69 of the Act of 1932 makes it
    
    clear that the said provision is applicable only to suits arising out
    
    of a contract. In other words, it bars the institution of a suit by or
    
    on behalf of a partnership firm against a third party unless the
    
    partnership firm is duly registered.
    
    21.7 In the opinion of this Court, the said provision cannot be
    
    applied to the present writ petition for more than one reason.
    
    21.8 Firstly, the State-respondent Nos. 1 to 3, never prescribed in
    
    the NIB that a joint venture was required to be registered as a
    
    partnership firm. The only condition stipulated in the NIB was that
    
    the parties should execute a valid joint venture agreement for
    
    carrying out the work jointly.
    
    21.9 Secondly, the learned Advocate General has failed to place on
    
    record any document to demonstrate that, in the case of a joint
    
    venture agreement, registration of the joint venture as a
    
    partnership firm was a mandatory requirement. Consequently, this
    
    Court finds that the said contention is nothing but an afterthought
    
    
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    on the part of the State-respondent Nos. 1 to3. Accordingly, the
    
    argument deserves to be rejected.
    
    21.10 The view of this court is further fortified by the principles
    
    laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Umesh Goel
    
    (Supra). The Apex Court held that the bar under Section 69(3) of
    
    the   Act    of   1932     applies       only     where       the    proceedings       are
    
    intrinsically connected with a suit instituted in a Court by an
    
    unregistered firm or its partner. It further clarified that the
    
    expression "other proceedings" is confined to proceedings arising
    
    out of or incidental to such suits, and does not extend to
    
    independent proceedings. The relevant observations and principles
    
    enunciated in the aforesaid judgment, which are germane to the
    
    adjudication      of   the       present        controversy,         are     reproduced
    
    hereinbelow:
    
           "14. As far as the construction of the said sub-section
           (3) of Section 69 is concerned, we are able to discern
           the    above      legal     position       without        any   scope      of
           ambiguity. To be more precise, the condition precedent
           for the operation of ban under sub-section (3) is that
           the launching of a suit in a court of law should be
           present and it should be by an unregistered firm or by a
           person claiming to be partner of an unregistered firm
           either to a claim for set-off in the said suit or any other
           proceedings intrinsically connected with the said suit.
           15. In the event of the above ingredients set out under
           sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) being fulfilled then and
           then alone the ban prescribed against an unregistered
           firm under Sections 69(1), (2) and (3) would operate
           and not otherwise.
           16. Keeping the above outcome of the legal position
           that can be derived from a reading of sub-sections (1),
    
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           (2) and (3) of Section 69 in mind we can draw further
           conclusions by making specific reference to clauses (a)
           and (b) of sub-section (3) as well as the exceptions set
           out in clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (4) as well.
           When under sub-section (3) which also relates to a ban
           concerning "other proceedings", the law-makers wanted
           to specifically exclude from such ban such of those
           proceedings which are also likely to arise in a suit, but
           yet the imposition of ban of an unregistered firm need
           not be imposed. Keeping the said intent of the law-
           makers in mind, when we read clauses (a) and (b) of
           sub-section (3), it can be understood that even though
           such other proceedings may be for the enforcement of
           any right to sue but yet if it is for the dissolution of a
           firm or for accounts of a dissolved firm or any right or
           power to realise the property of a dissolved firm, the
           same can be worked out by way of a suit in a court or
           by way of other proceedings in that suit and the same
           will not be affected by the ban imposed under sub-
           section (3). Similarly, any steps initiated at the instance
           of an official assignee, a receiver or court under the
           Presidency Towns Insolvency Act, 1909 (3 of 1909) or
           the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (5 of 1920) to
           realise the property of an insolvent partner in a pending
           suit of a court also stand excluded from the ban
           imposed under sub-section (3). The specific exclusions
           contained in clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (3),
           therefore, makes the position clear to the effect that
           even though such proceedings may fall under the
           expression "other proceedings" and may be intrinsically
           connected with a suit in a court, yet the ban would not
           operate against such proceedings.
           17. When we read sub-section (4), the ban imposed
           under sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) will have no
           application to any of those proceedings set out in
           clauses (a) and (b) of the said sub-section (4). A
    
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           specific reference to clause (b) of sub-section (4)
           disclose that in the last part of the said sub-clause it is
           specifically provided that other proceedings incidental to
           or arising from any suit or claim of set-off not
           exceeding Rs 100 in value under those specific statute
           referred to in the said sub-clause can also be launched
           without any ban being operated as provided under sub-
           sections (1), (2) and (3). The said part of clause (b) of
           sub-section (4) thus gives a vivid picture as to the
           position that the "other proceeding" specified in the said
           sub-section can only relate to a pending suit in a court
           and not to any other different proceeding which can be
           categorised as "other proceedings".
           ......
           22. Under the Partnership Act, the expression "court" is
           not defined. In Section 2(e) of the said Act though it is
           stated that the expressions used but not defined, the
           definition in the Contract Act, 1872 can be applied, in
           the Contract Act also there is no specific definition set
           out for the expression "court". However, we find a
           definition of the "court" in Section 2(1)(e) of the 1996
           Act, which reads as under:
           "2. Definitions.--(1) In this Part, unless the context
           otherwise requires--
           (a)-(d) ***
           (e) "Court" means the Principal Civil Court of Original
           Jurisdiction in a district, and includes the High Court in
           exercise of its ordinary original civil jurisdiction, having
           jurisdiction to decide the questions forming the subject-
           matter of the arbitration if the same had been the
           subject-matter of a suit, but does not include any civil
           court of a grade inferior to such Principal Civil Court, or
           any Court of Small Causes;".
    21.11 Thus the objection is devoid of merits and deserves to
    
    be rejected.
    
    
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    22.   Now coming to the merits of the writ petition. To decide the
    
    writ petition this Court deems appropriate to quote some of the
    
    provisions of the NIB relevant for the purpose of the writ petition:-
    
          "GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS"
    
          17. All bids, in which any of the prescribed conditions
          are not fulfilled or which have been vitiated by errors in
          calculations, totaling or discrepancies in figures or words
          or other discrepancies, will be liable to rejection.
    
          18. No conditional bids shall be accepted and will be
          rejected summarily forthwith.
    
          23. The acceptance of the bid rest with the competent
          authority who does not bind itself to accept the lowest
          bid, and reserves to itself the authority to reject any or
          all the bids received without assigning any reason.
    
          "CHAPTER 1 INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS (ITB)"
    
          1.8 The bidders is required to study all instructions,
          forms, terms and conditions and other details in the bid
          documents. Failure to furnish information by the bid
          documents or submission of a bid not substantially
          responsive to the bid documents in every respect will be
          at the bidder's risk and may result in rejection of its bid.
    
          1.12 Bidders shall submit only unconditional bids.
          Conditional bids are liable to be rejected summarily. The
          bid documents show already the specific terms and
          conditions     on    which          bids     are   required       by     the
          Department.      Hence        all     bids    should        be   in    strict
          conformity with the bid documents and should be
          fulfilled in wherever necessary, and initiated. Incomplete
          bid is liable to be rejected. The terms and conditions of
          the bid documents are firm, as such conditional bids are
          liable to be rejected.
    
          NOTE: The bidder should provide all the prequalification
          information    in    the     prescribed        formats       along      with
    
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          satisfactory work completion certificates from an officer
          not below the rank of Executive Engineer or equivalent
          duly Self Attested/Notary attested.
    
           7.         Omissions, 7.3      Tenderers shall carefully examine the
           Errors           and           scope of work and specifications and fully
           clarification;   Pre-          inform themselves as to the conditions and
           Tender Meeting                 matters, which may in any way affect the
                                          work or the cost thereof. Should a
                                          Tenderer find discrepancies or omissions in
                                          the documents or should he be in doubt as
                                          to their meaning he should notify the
                                          Deptt. in writing not later than one week
                                          earlier or present his request in written
                                          form during the pre-bid meeting. The
                                          Deptt. will respond to any request which is
                                          made prior to or during the pre-bid
                                          conference. No such request after the pre-
                                          bid meeting shall be entertained.
                                          Any resulting interpretation or modification
                                          of the tender documents shall be issued to
                                          all tenderers as an addendum, which will
                                          become a part of the tender documents.
                                          The tenderers shall acknowledge in writing
                                          the receipt of each addendum. No claims
                                          except as otherwise expressly provided will
                                          afterwards be accepted due to non-
                                          understanding or mis-interpretation of the
                                          tender documents.
           15.   Format     and 15.5      All bids, in which any of the prescribed
           signing of bid                 conditions are not fulfilled or which have
                                          been vitiated by errors in calculations,
                                          totaling or other discrepancies or which
                                          contain over-writing in figures or words or
                                          corrections not initialed and dated, may be
                                          liable to rejection.
           16.  Sealing     and 16.2      Contents of Cover-1- It should contain
           marking                        following:-
                                            7. Bankers/financial institutions sanction
                                          letters for desired fund and non-fund-
                                          based credit facilities available (shall be of
                                          period with in 3 months from the date of
                                          opening of prequalification bid) (From FIN-
                                          2).
                                             8. An affidavit on Rs. 500 stamp paper
                                          illustrating the list of works, its cost and all
                                          information in brief of which are in hand
                                          for execution for calculation of bidding
                                          capacity (Form FIN-3).
                                             10. Declaration of Historical Contact Non-
                                          performance on Rs. 500 stamp (Form FIN-
                                          05).
                                              20. Schedule-2; Statement having read
                                          the tender document.
                                              21. Schedule 3.1; Undertaking
                                                  22. Schedule 3.2; Deviation from
                                          technical specification
                                                   23. Schedule 3.3; Deviation from
                                          condition of contract
                                                 24. Summary of financial information
                                          prescribed in Schedule 4
    
    
    
           F. Bid Opening and
           Evaluation
    
    
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           19. Opening of bids 19.1     Additional Chief Engineer, Project PHED,
           by department                Bharatpurorother       duly     authorized
                                        Committee will open the bids online on
                                        website in the presence of Bidder(s) or
                                        their authorized representative(s) who
                                        may choose to be present at the time of
                                        bid opening. The bids shall be opened in
                                        two stages. In first stage, the pre-
                                        qualification bid shall be opened and
                                        evaluated. The financial Bid by competent
                                        authority, shall be opened at a later date,
                                        which will be informed to all responsive
                                        and pre-qualified bidders.
           20.     Preliminary 20.3     Substantial bid
           Examination of bids          Notwithstanding         the       preliminary
                                        examination,       the    department       will
                                        determine      the     substantial     bidder.
                                        Substantial bids are those which meet the
                                        following requirements:
                                        Properly digitally signed,
                                        Bid Security fees, Bid document cost and
                                        Bid processing fee,
                                        Responsive to all requirements of the bid
                                        documents and the instructions to bidders,
                                        Clarification and substantiation required to
                                        assess the quality of the offer, No
                                        deviations from terms and conditions (vol.-
                                        I), scope of work and Specifications (vol.-
                                        II), Drawings (vol.-III) and Preamble to
                                        Price Schedule and reservations affecting
                                        the scope and quality of the work, limiting
                                        the rights of the Department. Or the
                                        bidder's obligations, or whose rectification
                                        would affect the competitive position of the
                                        other substantial bidder.
                              20.4      If a bid is not substantially responsive it
                                        will be rejected by the Department and will
                                        not be used for further evaluation. The
                                        financial offers of non responsive bidder
                                        will ot be opened. The Department's
                                        determination of a bid's responsiveness is
                                        to be based on the contents of the bid
                                        itself   without   recourse   to   extrinsic
                                        evidence.
                                        It is expressly stated that the information
                                        contained in the Cover-1 of the bid will be
                                        used to define whether a bid is substantial
                                        or not. The Bidders and therefore, advised
                                        to submit complete bids only.
           21. Evaluation for 21.3      The Department reserves the right not to
           pre-qualification            consider any deviation that in the sole
                                        discretion of the Department is found
                                        unacceptable.   The    Department     shall
                                        require such deviations to be withdrawn,
                                        for the unaccepted deviations. The
                                        evaluation subsequently will be made on
                                        the rates quoted for such items in original
                                        offer.
    
    
    
    
    23.    The questions for consideration before this Court is whether,
    
    merely on reading the bank certificate dated 21.05.2024 issued by
    
    the Bank of India in favour of one of the joint venture partners,
    
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    namely M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd. (the lead partner), it could have
    
    been concluded that the petitioner joint venture was not in
    
    possession of the requisite credit facility available within three
    
    months from the date of opening of the pre-qualification bid.
    
    24.   Further, this Court is required to examine whether, under the
    
    RTPP Act, 2012 as well as the Rule of 2013, the procuring
    
    authority had the power to seek clarification. This Court is also
    
    required to consider whether the respondents exercised their
    
    discretion properly by seeking clarification from one party, namely
    
    respondent No. 4, while not seeking a similar clarification from the
    
    present     petitioner,   and       whether        such       action    amounts      to
    
    discrimination.
    
    25.   Both the parties have strongly relied upon the NIB. Learned
    
    counsel    for   the   respondents          submitted         that     FIN-2   was   a
    
    mandatory document and ought to have been submitted by the
    
    petitioner accurately and in the prescribed format so as to
    
    establish, beyond doubt, that each party to the JV possessed the
    
    financial capacity of more than 10% of the estimated project cost,
    
    which is approximately Rs.19.265/-Crores.
    
    25.1 This Court finds that, as per the contents of Cover-1 of the
    
    NIB, particularly Clause 16.2 of Volume-I at page No.102 of the
    
    paper book of the writ petition, Clause 7 & 8 reads as under:
    
          "7. Bankers/financial institutions sanction letters for
          desired fund & non-fund-based credit facilities available
          (shall be of period with in 3 months from the date of
          opening of prequalification bid) (Form FIN-2).
          8.An affidavit on Rs 500 stamp paper illustrating the list
          of works, its cost and all information in brief of which
    
    
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           are in hand for execution for calculation of bidding
           capacity (Form FIN-3)."
    25.2    Both    the    parties     admit      that     these       documents   were
    
    mandatory and were required to be submitted as part of Cover-1
    
    of the bid.
    
    25.3 This Court further finds that the Evaluation Committee, while
    
    considering the bids in its meeting held on 25.06.2024 has
    
    recorded as under:
    
           "OFFICE        OF   THE      CHIEF         ENGINEER          (SPECIAL
           PROJECTS)           PUBLIC          HEALTH            ENGINEERING
           DEPARTMENT RAJASTHAN F-18, New Building, I
           Floor, 2, CIVIL LINES-JAIPUR-302006
           0141-2220553 email: [email protected]
           No.:F.724(1A)(Bid)/CE(SP)/PHED/CDBP/JJM/Pkg-
           1A/2024-25/407-412 Dated: 25/6/24
           MINUTES        OF    MEETING           OF      BID      EVALUATION
           COMMITTEE
           (NIT No. 10/2023-24 of ACE(P) Bharatpur)
           1) A meeting of Bid Evaluation Committee of CE(SP),
           PHED was held on 24.06.2024 at 4.00 PM in chamber of
           CE(SP) PHED, at Jal Bhawan, Jaipur to discuss and
           deliberate on technical bids of the work of EMI at existing
           Intake well at Chambal River. Raw Water pipeline from
           Intake to RWR-1 and RWR-2 at Dholpur, Main Raw Water
           Pumping Stations at RWR-1 & RWR-2. WTP 135 MLD Near
           RWR-02 & 5.0 MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station,
           WTP 5.0 MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station, CDS,
           VDS, and Rising Mains & FHTC for Dholpur & Saipau Block
           including allied works (Package-01A), put to bidding on
           percentage rate basis single point responsibility turn-key
           contract vide NIT No. 10/2023-24 of the office of ACE(P),
           Bharatpur. Estimated Cost: Rs. 1284.30 Cr, opened online
           on 22.05.2024 and submitted by ACE(P) Bharatpur vide
           Rajkaj Ref. no. 8046083 dated 13.06.2024 to the office of
           CE(SP), Jaipur.
    
    
    
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           2 Following Members of Committee were present in the
           meeting: -
              (i) Sh. Sandeep Sharma, Chief Engineer (SP) PHED
              (ii) Sh. Ramesh Sankhla, FA (JJM) PHED Jaipur
              (iii) Sh. Vikas Gupta, SE & TA to CE (SP), PHED
           3) At the outset of the meeting, following facts of the case
           were presented by SE&TA to CE(SP) before the Bid
           Evaluation Committee: -
                  i. Online bids were floated through NIT No.
                  10/2024-25, issued by the office of Additional Chief
                  Engineer (Project), PHED, Region Bharatpur and
                  uploaded    on    SPPP      on    15.09.2023         and   on   e-
                  procurement portal on 15.09.2023. The NIT was
                  also published in newspapers through DIPR.
                  ii. Pre-bid meeting for the NIT was held on
                  27.09.2023. As per the schedule, the technical bids
                  were opened on 22.05.2024. On scrutinizing e-
                  procurement details, 04 bidders submitted their
                  bids:
                  I. M/s Megha Engineering and Infrastructure Ltd.
                  II. M/s NCC Limited.
                  III. M/s SPML-JWIL JV (JV of M/s SPML Infra Ltd.
                  And M/s JWIL infra Ltd.)
                   IV. M/s GVPR-HES JV (JV of M/s GVPR Engineers
                  Limited and M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd.)
                  iii. On examining, it was found that four (4) bidders
                  have deposited bid document fee. RISL processing
                  fee and bid security physically. In light of above,
                  the technical bids of the bidders were downloaded
                  and processed by ACE(P) Bharatpur,
           4) ACE (P) Bharatpur submitted evaluation statement for
           prequalification bid to the office of CE (SP) through letter
           vide   Rajkaj     Ref.   no.     8046083        dated       13.06.2024.
           Documents submitted by bidder were further scrutinized
           at CE(SP) office and FA(JJM) office.
           Findings are listed as below:-
                  l. M/s Megha Engineering and Infrastructure
                  Ltd.
    
    
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                  A. The firm is registered in AA class in PHED
                  Rajasthan.
                   B. Bid document fee and Bid processing fee have
                  been submitted through e-challan. However, it
                  does not have reference of either NIT or the
                  tendered work.
                  C. Bid security has been submitted in the form of
                  Bank Guarantees.
                  D. The bidder meets the requirement of financial
                  Criteria as per bid documents ie. Average Annual
                  Turnover, Net Worth, Credit Limit, Bidding Capacity
                  and financial stability.
                  E. The bidder meets requirement of technical
                  criteria.
                  F. ACE(P) Bharatpur has recommended the bidder
                  as     responsive      subject      to    clarification/lacking
                  documents meeting TD requirement.
           II. M/s NCC Limited.
                  A. The firm is registered in AA class in PHED
                  Rajasthan.
                  B. Bid document fee and Bid processing fee have
                  been submitted through e-challan.
                  C. Bid security has been submitted in the form of
                  Bank Guarantee.
                  D. The bidder meets the requirement of financial
                  Criteria as per bid documents i.e. Average Annual
                  Turnover.       Net    Worth.       Credit     Limit.   Bidding
                  Capacity and financial stability.
                  E. The bidder meets requirement of technical
                  criteria
                  F. FIN-5 for History of non performing contract,
                  submitted by the bidder, is not as per the
                  prescribed FIN-5 format.
                  G. ACE(P) Bharatpur has recommended the bidder
                  as     responsive      subject      to   clarification/lacking
                  documents meeting TD requirement.
           III. M/s SPML-JWIL JV.
                  A. Both the firms in JV are registered in AA class in
                  PHED Rajasthan.
    
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                  B. Bid document fee and Bid processing fee have
                  been submitted through e-challan.
                  C. Bid security of 2% of NIT cost has been
                  submitted in the form of Bank Guarantee.
                  D. The bidder meets the requirement of financial
                  Criteria as per bid documents i.e. Average Annual
                  Turnover,      Net    Worth,       Credit     Limit,   Bidding
                  Capacity and financial stability.
                  E. The ratio of JV agreement between M/s SPML
                  and M/s JWIL is shown as SPML 51% (Fifty
                  Percent) and JWIL 49% (Forty Nine Percent)
                  having discrepancy in figures and words. Also, in
                  the JV agreement, it is written that SPML shall be
                  the Partner-in-Charge of the JV and JWIL shall be
                  the other member of JV. There is no clear mention
                  of lead partner of JV.
                  Further,     requirement          for    consent       of   the
                  Department for modification /amendment in JV
                  agreement has not been mentioned.
                  F. M/s JWIL. in its bidding capacity affidavit has
                  mentioned additional line that "This is also certified
                  that other orders under execution by the firm shall not
                  materially affect the bidding capacity of the firm as
                  required in this tender". Clarification in this regard is
                  required from the bidder. Clarification is also required
                  regarding M/s SPML's FIN-3 for bidding capacity
                  wherein a note is given that 'Figures are without
                  considering unbilled and O&M portion. Projects which
                  have financial liability for SPML have been shown
                  above, whereas substantially completed projects and
                  projects wherein SPML is only technical partner is not
                  listed'.
                  G. The bidder meets requirement of technical criteria.
                  H. FIN-5 for History of non performing contract,
                  submitted by M/s JWIL, Is not as per the prescribed
                  FIN-5 format.
                  H. ACE(P) Bharatpur has recommended the bidder as
                  responsive subject to clarification/lacking documents
                  meeting TD requirement.
    
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           IV. M/s GVPR-HES JV.
                  A. M/s GVPR Engineers Ltd., the lead partner, is
                  registered in AA class in PHED Rajasthan and the other
                  partner M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd. is registered in AA
                  class in WRD, Rajasthan.
                  B. Bid document fee and Bid processing fee have been
                  submitted through e-challan.
                  C. Bid security of 2% of NIT cost has been submitted
                  in the form of Bank Guarantee.
                  D. PQ requirement for Credit Limit criterion: As per the
                  eligibility   criteria   for    prequalification      of   bidders
                  regarding credit limit each member of JV must meet at
                  least 10% of the credit limit requirement (Rs. 19.264
                  Cr out of total requirement of Rs. 192.64 Cr for the
                  bidder in this bid). As per bid document (PQ criteria),
                  the credit limit requirement is as under. "Credit limit
                  (Fund based and non fund based) unutilized and
                  available with the bidder shall not be less than 15%
                  (Rs. 192.64 Cr in this bid) of the estimated cost of
                  work.
                  Further, the certificate of credit limit to be issued by
                  the Bank in FIN-2 for certification of unutilized and
                  available credit limit should be of period within 3
                  months from date of opening of pre-qualification bid.
                  Bidder's credit limit as per the technical bid: The
                  bidder has submitted certificate of Bank of India dated
                  21.05.2024 in favour of M/s HES (the other partner of
                  JV bidder), which mentions as under:
                  "We hereby advise that if the contract for the work is
                  awarded to the firm, we shall be able to provide
                  working capital facilities to the extent of Rs. 20 Crore
                  to meet your working capital requirements for
                  executing the contract during the contract period
                  through consortium banking arrangements subject to
                  bank's extent guidelines on the same."
                  The above advice of Bank clearly reveals that the firm
                  does not have unutilized and available credit limit on
                  the date of issue of the same on 21.05.2024 (i.e.
                  before opening of prequalification bid, as per PQ
    
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                    criterion). As the certificate is clear regarding non
                    availability of credit limit of Rs. 19.264 Crore with the
                    JV partner, no clarification from the Bank or the bidder
                    is needed. So, the bidder does not meet this criterion.
                    The bidder does not meet the requirement of financial
                    Criteria.
                    E. In form FIN-1 of the lead partner M/s GVPR, total
                    assets and total liabilities are shown as same and
                    liabilities are not matching with CA's certificate.
                    Further, the CA's certificate does not mention name of
                    firm.
                    F. In case of JV partner M/s HES FIN-1 in prescribed
                    format and CA certificate, as required in the bid
                    document, are not found in the technical bid. Further,
                    CA certificate in support of financial stability (FIN-4),
                    as required in bid document, is not found in the
                    technical bid. GST Coruncate does not bear digital
                    signature.
                    G. The bidder meets requirement of technical criteria
                    I. FIN-5 for History of non performing contract,
                    submitted by Ms JWIL, is not as per the prescribed
                    FIN-5 format.
                    J. ACE(P) Bharatpur has recommended the bidder as
                    non-responsive on account of not meeting financial
                    criteria with regard to credit limit requirement, may be
                    decided by BEC.
           5) Bid Evaluation Committee deliberated the responsiveness
           of bidders as follows-
            Sr.   Name of bidder           Status                   Clarification / Lacking
            No
                                                                    Documents/comments
            1. M/s       Megha             Responsive subject       1. As the e-challan for
                  Engineering              to compliance by         bid document and bid
                  and                      ACE(P) Bharatpur         processing fees do not
                  Infrastructure           of the comments          have reference of either
                  Ltd.                     made by BEC              NIT or the tendered
                                                                    work, deposition of the
                                                                    required amount against
                                                                    this NIT be verified from
                                                                    the concerned division.
    
    
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            2. M/s NCC Limited.      Responsive subject       1. Clarification
                                     to compliance by         regarding FIN-5 in
                                     ACE(P) Bharatpur         prescribed format, as
                                     of the comments          lacking document, be
                                     made by BEC              sought.
            3. M/s SPML-JWIL JV      Responsive subject       1. Clarification
                                     to compliance by         regarding FIN-5 of M/s
                                     ACE(P) Bharatpur         JWIL in the prescribed
                                     of the comments          format, as lacking
                                     made by BEC              document, be sought.
                                                              2. Clarification for
                                                              lacking in JV agreement,
                                                              as mentioned at (4) III.
                                                              E above be sought.
                                                              3. Regarding additional
                                                              line in the affidavit for
                                                              bidding capacity given
                                                              by M/s JWIL and a note
                                                              in FIN-3 by M/s SPML.,
                                                              as mentioned at (4) III.F
                                                              above, clarification shall
                                                              be taken from the bidder
                                                              that no liability
                                                              whatsoever exists except
                                                              mentioned in the bidding
                                                              capacity.
            4   M/s GVPR-HES JV      Non-responsive           The bidder does not meet
                                                              financial criteria (PQ
                                                              criteria) with regard to
                                                              credit limit requirement,
                                                              as mentioned at (4) IV.
                                                              D, above.
    
    
          6) In view of above and as per recommendation by the ACE
          (P)    Bharatpur,    the     following      decisions         were      taken:
                 i. Responsiveness of the following bidders be decided
                 by ACE (P) Bharatpur after compliance of the
                 comments of BEC as mentioned above and compliance
                 of point no. 06,7(2).08 and 13 of the checklist
                 (Format-B) and submit compliance before FC:
    
    
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                 (a) M/s Megha Engineering and Infrastructure Ltd.
                 (b) M/s NCC Limited
                 (c)M/S SPML-JWIL JV
          ii. Following bidder is decided as non-responsive:
                 (a) M/s GVPR-HES JV
          iii. Before declaring responsiveness of the bidders, following
          should    be ensured        by    Addl.       Chief   Engineer     (Project),
          Bharatpur:
                 (a) It should be ensured that all required documents
                 such as JV Agreement, JV Power of Attorney. Power of
                 Attorney,     Historical       Contract     Non-       Performance,
                 Affidavit (C), Bidding Capacity (Fin-3), Financial
                 Stability (Fin-4), Bank Guarantee and all documents
                 related to non-judicial stamp etc. are received in
                 original on Stamp Paper.
                 (b) Bank Guarantee submitted by the bidders towards
                 bid security be got verified from issuing bank as per
                 provisions of RTPP Rules 2013.
                 (c) Compliance of Rule 43 of RTPP Rules 2013
                 regarding appropriate publicity of NIB and compliance
                 of Rule 63(4) of RTPP Rules 2013 if responsive bidders
                 are less than 3 and compliance of Rule 68 of RTPP
                 Rules 2013, if there is single responsive bidder, be
                 ensured.
                 (d) Compliance of section 17 of RTPP Act 2012 and
                 Rule 51(2) of RTPP Rules 2013 regarding publication of
                 corrigendum on SPPP portal and Newspaper be
                 ensured.
                 (e) Compliance of Rule 11 of RTPP Rules 2013 be
                 ensured.
                 (f) It should be ensured that the bidding capacity
                 submitted by the bidder is as per the requirement of
                 bid document.
                 (g) ACE(P) Bharatpur should ensure verification of GST
                 registration certificate of the bidders.
          (7)ACE (P) Bharatpur is directed to ensure compliance                     of
          the    comments       given      by    BEC      and     meeting     the   bid
          requirements before proceeding for opening of the                  price bid
          of the responsive bidders.
    
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          (8) ACE(P) Bharatpur is directed to keep evidence of
          publication on record as per rules, specially publication of
          corrigendum of bids etc. on portal and newspapers.
          (9) ACE(P) Bharatpur is to ensure that financial bid shall be
          opened at least 5 days after uploading the decision of ACE(P)
          Bharatpur on SPPP portal so that a fair amount of time
          remains available for bidders to appeal, if required.
          (10) ACE(P) Bharatpur is to ensure submission of rate
          justification to the office of Secretary 11 RWSSMB, Jaipur
          through Chief Engineer (SP), 3 days prior to opening of
          financial bid.
          (11) ACE(P) Bharatpur to ensure compliance of the directions
          of FD vide ID No. 102301081 dated 12.04.2023 and
          directions of NJJM dated 19.02.2024.
    
    
          The meeting ended with a vote of thanks to the Chair.
    
    
          No.: F.724(LA) (Bid)/CE(SP)/THED/CDBP/JJM/Pkg-1A/2024-
          251407-412                         Dated: 25/06/24
    
    
          Copy    forwarded     to    the    following      for    information   and
          necessary action:
           1. Secretary, PHED, Rajasthan, Jaipur
           2. MD (JJM), PHED, Rajasthan, Jaipur
           3. Chief Engineer (SP), PHED, Rajasthan, Jaipur
           4. Financial Advisor (JJM), PHED Rajasthan, Jaipur
           5. Secretary RWSSMB, Jaipur
           6. Addl. Chief Engineer, PHED Project Region Bharatpur.
    
    25.4 On perusal of the above, it is evident that deficiencies were
    
    noticed in the bids submitted by the other bidders, namely M/s
    
    Megha Engineering, HNCC, HPL, and JWIL, while evaluating their
    
    responsiveness. In the case of respondent No. 4, not only was
    
    FIN-3 found to be in incorrect format and inappropriate, but
    
    several    other     queries     were     also     raised      by   the   Evaluation
    
    Committee, as reflected in the minutes of the meeting from
    
    
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    respondent no. 4 and other bidders but no clarification was sought
    
    from the petitioner and was directly declared non-responsive.
    
    25.5 This Court further finds that the respondents have contended
    
    that not only was the petitioner's FIN-2 not submitted in the
    
    prescribed format, but the letter dated 21.05.2024 issued by the
    
    Bank of India also did not demonstrate the availability of the
    
    requisite unutilized credit limit.
    
    25.6 For ready reference, this Court deems it appropriate to
    
    reproduce the relevant contents of the letter issued by the Bank of
    
    India, which read as follows:
    
          "If the contract for the work, namely "Work of EMI at
          existing Intake well at Chambal River, Raw Water
          pipeline from Intake to RWR-1 and RWR-2 at Dholpur,
          Main Raw Water Pumping Stations at RWR-1 & RWR-2,
          Water Treatment Plant 135 MLD Near RWP-02 & 5.0
          MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station, Treatment
          Plant 5.0 MLD at Dholpur, Cluster Pumping Station,
          CDS, VDS, and Rising Mains & FHTC for Dholpur &
          Saipau Block including allied works including allied
          works (Package-01A)" is awarded to the above firm, we
          shall be able to provide working capital facilities to the
          extent of Rs. 20 Crores to meet your working capital
          requirements for executing the above contract during
          the       contact     period,       through         consortium     banking
          arrangements subject to Bank's extent guidelines on the
          same."
    25.7 The interpretation made by the respondent no. 1 to 3 upon
    
    the aforesaid Bank Certificate and making the petitioner non
    
    responsive, without affording the petitioner an opportunity to
    
    furnish     a   clarification,      while     simultaneously          extending   such
    
    
    
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    opportunity to the other bidders is in the opinion of this Court,
    
    arbitrary and discriminatory.
    
    25.8 This conclusion is further fortified by the subsequent
    
    communication dated 25.05.2026 issued by the Bank of India in
    
    continuation of its earlier certificate dated 21.05.2024, wherein it
    
    has been categorically clarified that as on the date of issuance of
    
    the original certificate, one of the constituents of the petitioner's
    
    Joint Venture, namely M/s HES Infra Pvt. Ltd. had an available
    
    unutilised working capital of Rs.20/- Crores, which exceeded the
    
    minimum financial requirement prescribed under the NIB. It is to
    
    be noted that the learned Advocate General had accepted that
    
    credit facility includes working capital.
    
    25.9 This court finds that had a similar opportunity for clarification
    
    been afforded to the petitioner as was admittedly granted to the
    
    other bidders, particularly as reflected in the minutes of the
    
    Evaluation Committee meeting dated 25.06.2024, the alleged
    
    ambiguity could have been clarified at the threshold itself. Such a
    
    course would not only have avoided the present litigation but
    
    would also have ensured greater competition in the bidding
    
    process, thereby enabling the procuring entity to secure the most
    
    competitive financial bid and safeguarding the interests of the
    
    public exchequer.
    
    25.10 Learned counsel appearing for the parties have placed
    
    reliance upon the provisions of the RTPP Act, 2012 and the Rules
    
    of 2013 framed thereunder. Learned counsel for the respondents
    
    

    contended that it lies exclusively within the discretion of the

    Procuring Entity to determine in which cases clarifications may be

    SPONSORED

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    sought from bidders and in which cases bids are liable to be

    rejected outright. It was submitted that such administrative

    discretion ought not to be interfered with by this Court.

    25.11 This Court finds that the arguments raised by the

    respondents are contrary to the law as available under the RTPP

    Act, 2012. The object of the RTPP Act, 2012 reads as under:

    “to regulate public procurement with the objectives of
    ensuring. transparency, fair and equitable treatment
    of bidders, promoting competition, enhancing
    efficiency and economy and safeguarding integrity in the
    procurement process and for matters connected
    therewith or incidental thereto.

    Whereas, the State Government considers it necessary
    to ensure the highest standards of transparency,
    accountability and probity in the public procurement
    process and to enhance public confidence in public
    procurement.”

    Section 25 of the RTPP Act, 2012 reads as under:

    “25. Exclusion of bids.- (1) A procuring entity shall”

    exclude a bid if-

    (a) the bidder is not qualified in terms of section
    7
    ;

    (b) the bid materially departs from the
    requirements specified in the bidding documents
    or it contains false information;

    (c) the bidder submitting the bid, his agent or
    any one acting on his behalf, gave or agreed to
    give, to any officer or employee of the procuring
    entity or other governmental authority a
    gratification in any form, or any other thing of
    value, so as to unduly influence the procurement
    process;

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    (d) a bidder, in the opinion of the procuring
    entity, has a conflict of interest materially
    affecting fair competition.

    (2) A bid shall be excluded as soon as the cause for its
    exclusion is discovered.

    (3) Every decision of a procuring entity to exclude a bid
    shall be for reasons to be recorded in writing. (4) Every
    decision of the procuring entity under sub-section(3)
    shall be –

    (a) communicated to the concerned bidder in
    writing;

    (b) published on the State Public Procurement
    Portal.

    Rule 59, 60 & 61 of the Rules of the 2013 reads as under:

    “59. Determination of responsiveness.- (1) The bid
    evaluation committee shall determine the
    responsiveness of a bid on the basis of biding
    documents and the provisions of sub-section (2) of
    section 7.

    (2) A responsive bid is one that meets the requirements
    of the bidding documents without material deviation,
    reservation, or omission where:-

    (a) “deviation” is a departure from the requirements
    specified in the bidding documents;

    (b) “reservation” is the setting of limiting conditions or
    withholding from complete acceptance of the
    requirements specified in the bidding documents; and

    (c) “Omission” is the failure to submit part or all of the
    information or documentation required in the bidding
    documents.

    (3) A material deviation, reservation, or omission is one
    that,

    (a) if accepted, shall:-

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    (i) affect in any substantial way the scope, quality, or
    performance of the subject matter of procurement
    specified in the bidding documents; or

    (ii) limits in any substantial way, inconsistent with the
    bidding documents, the procuring entity’s rights or the
    bidder’s obligations under the proposed contract; or

    (b) if rectified, shall unfairly affect the competitive
    position of other bidders presenting responsive bids.
    (4) The bid evaluation committee shall examine the
    technical aspects of the bid in particular, to confirm that
    all requirements of bidding document have been met
    without any material deviation, reservation or omission.
    (5) The procuring entity shall regard a bid as responsive
    if it conforms to all requirements set out in the bidding
    documents, or it contains minor deviations that do not
    materially alter or depart from the characteristics,
    terms, conditions and other requirements set out in the
    bidding documents, or if it contains errors or oversights
    that can be corrected without touching on the
    substance of the bid.

    60. Clarification of bids.- (1) To assist in the
    examination, evaluation, comparison and qualification
    of the bids, the bid evaluation committee may, at its
    discretion, ask any bidder for a clarification regarding
    its bid. The committee’s request for clarification and the
    response of the bidder shall be in writing.

    (2) Any clarification submitted by a bidder with regard
    to its bid that is not in response to a request by the
    committee shall not be considered. (3) No change in
    the prices or substance of the bid shall be sought,
    offered, or permitted, except to confirm the correction
    of arithmetic errors discovered by the committee in the
    evaluation of the financial bids.

    (4) No substantive change to qualification information
    or to a submission, including changes aimed at making
    an unqualified bidder, qualified or an unresponsive

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    submission, responsive shall be sought, offered or
    permitted.

    (5) All communications generated under this rule shall
    be included in the record of the procurement
    proceedings.

    61. Non-material Non-conformities in bids.- (1)
    The bid evaluation committee may waive any
    nonconformities in the bid that do not constitute a
    material deviation, reservation or omission, the bid
    shall be deemed to be substantially responsive.
    (2) The bid evaluation committee may request the
    bidder to submit the necessary information or
    document like [audited statement of accounts, PAN,
    etc.] within a reasonable period of time. Failure of the
    bidder to comply with the request may result in the
    rejection of its bid.

    (3) The bid evaluation committee may rectify non-
    material nonconformities or omissions on the basis of
    the information or documentation received from the
    bidder under sub-rule (2).

    25.12 A plain reading of the aforesaid provisions and the object of

    the Act makes it evident that the primary object of the RTPP Act,

    2012 is to ensure that every bidder is treated fairly and equally,

    without any discrimination. If the argument advanced by the

    respondents is accepted, namely that it falls within the exclusive

    domain of the procuring authority to determine which documents

    constitute an omission, in which cases clarifications are required,

    and in which cases clarifications are not required on a case-to-

    case basis, it would amount to a complete violation of the object

    of the Act of 2012. Learned counsel for the respondents submited

    that in the case of the petitioner, clarification regarding FIN-2

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    could not have been sought, whereas clarification regarding FIN-3

    could have been sought and was rightly sought.

    25.13 This Court finds that if such an approach adopted by the

    procuring authority is permitted and accepted, the very object of

    the Act would be completely defeated. This Court further finds

    from the record that, in various minutes meeting the same

    department, in the Minutes of the Meeting dated 23.12.2024,

    chaired by different officers, sought clarification from M/s SMC,

    Civet JV despite the omission of FIN-2. A copy of the said Minutes

    of the Meeting is available of the paper book. The relevant extract

    reads as under:

    “Credit limit submitted by the partner fir M/s SMC
    Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. in this JV firm is not as per
    prescribed format. Need to be verified and obtained in
    the prescribed format as per TD (FIN-2) from issuing
    bank.”

    25.14 If the procuring entities of the department are permitted to

    act in such a manner that, in one case, they allow certain bidders

    to rectify deficiencies or submit clarifications in the prescribed

    form, while denying the same opportunity to another bidder, the

    very object of the RTPP Act, 2012 would be rendered nugatory. If

    such a situation is permitted to continue, it may result in

    substantial loss to the public exchequer, as the lowest bidder could

    be ousted solely on account of the discriminatory exercise of

    power by the Bid Evaluation Committee.

    25.15 This Court finds that the Bid Evaluation Committee is

    required to act fairly in every case and to deal with each and

    every bidder equally, without adopting any discriminatory

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    approach. From the Minutes of the Meetings of the Bid Evaluation

    Committee, it is evident that clarifications were sought from

    respondent No. 4. in regard to FIN 3 which all parties admit to be

    essential document as earlier recorded in the order, however, by

    merely stating that the deficiencies in the petitioner’s bid

    constituted material deviations, the Committee permitted the

    clarifications submitted by respondent No. 4 to be taken on record

    while denying the petitioner a similar opportunity. Such an

    approach is manifestly arbitrary and contrary to the object of the

    Act, which mandates fairness, equality, and non-discrimination in

    the procurement process.

    25.16 This Court finds that the clarification sought from

    respondent No. 4 pertained to matters of a more serious nature.

    The clarification related to FIN-3, which is required to be furnished

    in the prescribed format so that a bidder discloses the list of works

    currently in hand, along with their total value in brief, and work for

    the purpose of determining the bidder’s bidding capacity.

    25.17 This Court finds that for the purpose of determining the

    bidding capacity of an individual bidder, FIN-3 is of greater

    significance than FIN-2. FIN-2 is primarily intended to ascertain

    whether the bidder has the requisite financial facilities available,

    whereas FIN-3 is essential for assessing the bidder’s bidding

    capacity itself by determining the available bidding capacity. If a

    bidder does not possess the requisite bidding capacity, such bidder

    would be liable to be disqualified. On the other hand, with regard

    to the financial facilities reflected in FIN-2, even if the credit

    facility is available with one of the partners of a joint venture, the

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    requirement may still be satisfied, subject to compliance of the

    condition that the other joint venture partner possesses the

    mandatory minimum financial capacity of 10%, as prescribed.

    Therefore, where FIN-2 is not furnished in the prescribed format

    or does not clearly disclose the unutilized credit limit, an

    opportunity to furnish a proper or clarified FIN-2 may legitimately

    be granted so as to deal fairly and equally and to increase

    competition.

    25.18 This Court finds that the purpose of FIN-2 is merely to

    ascertain the availability of financial facilities. From a reading of

    the letter dated 21.05.2024 issued by the Bank of India, this

    Court is satisfied that the petitioner had an available financial

    facility of Rs.20/-Crores, which exceeded the required amount of

    Rs.19.265/- Crores. The said position was subsequently clarified

    and reaffirmed by the Bank of India through its letter dated

    25.05.2026.

    25.19 This Court also finds that respondent No. 4 had mentioned

    “Nil” in Form FIN-3, which was subsequently corrected and

    clarified. It was further evident from the Minutes of the Meeting

    dated 25.06.2024 that the deficiency in the FIN-3 submitted by

    respondent No. 4 were regarded as a serious deficiency.

    Nevertheless, respondents Nos. 1 to 3 treated the said deficiency

    with considerable leniency and permitted respondent No. 4 to

    furnish the necessary clarification in respect of FIN-3. In contrast,

    the petitioner was not afforded any opportunity whatsoever to

    clarify or rectify the alleged deficiency in its FIN-2.

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    25.20 This Court further finds that, after the petitioner was

    declared non-responsive and excluded from the bidding process,

    only three bidders remained in the fray. The record further reveals

    that the matter remained pending with the respondents for a

    considerable period of 11 monts. During the intervening period,

    two of the remaining bidders did not extend the validity of their

    bids, although their quoted prices were higher than that of

    respondent No. 4. Consequently, whether by design or otherwise,

    respondent No. 4 ultimately remained the sole eligible bidder by

    virtue of the actions of respondents Nos. 1 to 3. The bid of

    respondent No. 4, which came to be accepted, was for

    Rs.1438.03/-Crores, substantially higher than the estimated

    project cost of Rs.1284.30/-Crores.

    25.21 This Court further finds that the respondent Nos. 1 to 3

    went to the extent of defending the bid submitted by respondent

    No. 4 and the price quoted by it by comparing the same with the

    BSR rates of 2022 and 2023. However, the estimated cost of the

    work had admittedly been prepared on the basis of the BSR rates

    of 2021. Such a comparison was, therefore, wholly misconceived

    and without any justification. This Court is of the view that, had

    respondents Nos. 1 to 3 acted fairly, transparently, and without

    discrimination, the petitioner would have been afforded an

    opportunity to clarify the alleged deficiency in FIN-2. The

    petitioner has asserted that its financial bid was Rs.1226.51/-

    Crores, which was even lower than the estimated cost of

    Rs.1284.30/- Crores.

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    25.22 This Court also finds that, by adopting a discriminatory

    approach and excluding the petitioner from the bidding process

    without affording an opportunity to furnish the requisite

    clarification, respondents Nos. 1 to 3 accepted a bid which was

    substantially higher than the estimated cost, thereby placing an

    unnecessary financial burden on the public exchequer. Upon an

    overall consideration of the record, this Court is satisfied that

    respondents Nos. 1 to 3 acted in a discriminatory manner by

    denying the petitioner an opportunity to clarify the alleged

    deficiency in its bid while extending such an opportunity to

    respondent No. 4 in respect of a more substantial deficiency. This

    Court further finds that, had a similar opportunity been afforded to

    the petitioner, its financial bid of Rs.1226.51/-Crores would have

    been considered, it will result in a saving of approximately

    Rs.211/- Crores of public money as compared to the accepted bid

    of respondent No. 4.

    25.23 This Court reaches the above conclusion in light of the

    principles laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Ram &

    Shyam Co. (Supra), wherein it was held that the disposal of

    State contracts must be through a fair, transparent and

    competitive process affording equal opportunity to all eligible

    participants. The Court further held that even in administrative

    action, the principles of natural justice and fairness are implicit,

    and any departure from such standards vitiates the decision-

    making process. The relevant observations and principles

    enunciated in the aforesaid judgment, which are germane to the

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    adjudication of the present controversy, are reproduced

    hereinbelow:

    “18. The position that emerges is this. Undoubtedly
    Rule 28 permits contract for winning mineral to be
    granted by the Government by auction or tender. It is
    true that auction was held. It is equally true that
    according to the State Government, the highest bid did
    not represent the market price of the concession. It is
    open to the State to dispose of the contract by tender.
    Even here the expression “tender” does not mean a
    private secret deal between the Chief Minister and the
    offerer. Tender in the context in which the expression is
    used in Rule 28, means “tenders to be invited from
    intending contractors”. If it was intended by the use of
    the expression “tender” in Rule 28 that contract can be
    disposed of by private negotiations with select
    individual, its validity will be open to serious question.
    The language ordinarily used in such rules is by public
    auction or private negotiations. The meaning of the
    expression “private negotiations” must take its colour
    and prescribe its content by the words which precede
    them. And at any rate disposal of the State property in
    public interest must be by such method as would grant
    an opportunity to the public at large to participate in it,
    the State reserving to itself the right to dispose it of as
    best subserve the public weal. Viewed from this angle,
    the disposal of the contract pursuant to the letter by
    the fourth respondent to the Chief Minister is
    objectionable for more than one reason. The writer has
    indulged into allegations, the truth of which was not
    verified or asserted. The highest bidder whose bid was
    rejected on the ground that the bid did not represent
    the market price, was not given an opportunity to raise
    his own bid when privately a higher offer was received.
    If the allegations made in the letter influenced the

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    decision of the Chief Minister, fair-play in action
    demands that the appellant should have been given an
    opportunity to counter and correct the same.
    Application of the minimum principles of natural justice
    in such a situation must be read in the statute and held
    to be obligatory. When it is said that even in
    administrative action, the authority must act fairly, it
    ordinarily means in accordance with the principles of
    natural justice variously described as fair play in action.
    That having not been done, the grant in favour of the
    fourth respondent must be quashed.”

    25.24 This Court also relied upon the principles laid down by the

    Hon’ble Supreme Court in Banshidhar Construction (P) Ltd.

    (Supra), wherein it was held that although judicial review in

    contractual matters is limited, the Court must intervene where the

    decision-making process is found to be arbitrary, discriminatory or

    violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. The Hon’ble

    Apex Court further held that Government instrumentalities are

    under a constitutional obligation to act fairly, reasonably and

    transparently in the award of public contracts, and any action

    founded on extraneous considerations or relaxation of mandatory

    tender conditions is liable to be set aside. The relevant extracts

    from the aforesaid judgment, having a bearing on the controversy

    involved in the present case, are reproduced hereinbelow:

    “27. Thus, the said action of the respondent BCCL in
    rejecting the technical bid of the appellant on
    absolutely extraneous ground and accepting the
    technical bid of Respondent 8 though submitted in utter
    non-compliance of the mandatory requirement of
    Clause 10 of NIT, and subsequently calling upon
    Respondent 8 to furnish the shortfall of documents

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    after the opening of technical bids of the bidders, was
    totally arbitrary and illegal.

    28. There cannot be any disagreement to the legal
    proposition propounded in a catena of decisions of this
    Court relied upon by the learned counsel for the
    respondents to the effect that the Court does not sit as
    a court of appeal in the matter of award of contracts
    and it merely reviews the manner in which the decision
    was made; and that the Government and its
    instrumentalities must have a freedom of entering into
    the contracts. However, it is equally well-settled that
    the decision of the Government/its instrumentalities
    must be free from arbitrariness and must not be
    affected by any bias or actuated by mala fides.
    ….

    37. The submissions made by the learned counsel for
    the respondents that the project in question being
    infrastructure project and also one of the mega
    projects, this Court may not interfere more particularly
    in view of the fact that agreement has already been
    entered into between the respondent BCCL and the
    Special Purpose Vehicle of Respondent 8, cannot be
    accepted, when we have found that the impugned
    decision of the respondent BCCL was grossly arbitrary,
    illegal, discriminatory and violative of Article 14 of the
    Constitution of India. As held earlier, the Government
    bodies/instrumentalities are expected to act in
    absolutely fair, reasonable and transparent manner,
    particularly in the award of contracts for mega projects.
    Any element of arbitrariness or discrimination may lead
    to hampering of the entire project which would not be
    in the public interest.

    38. In that view of the matter, the impugned decision
    of the respondent BCCL dated 6-5-2024 rejecting the
    technical bid of the appellant and further declaring
    Respondent 8 as successful bidder is set aside. Any

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    action/process undertaken or agreement entered into
    pursuant to the said decision also stands set aside. It
    shall be open for the respondent BCCL to initiate fresh
    tender process for the Project and to process the same
    in question in accordance with law.”

    26. Having come to the above conclusion, the question that now

    arises is whether, merely because the contract has been awarded

    to respondent No. 4 at a higher cost and respondent No. 4 has

    invested certain amounts pursuant thereto, this writ petition

    deserves to be dismissed, as contended by the respondents.

    26.1 This Court finds that such a contention cannot be accepted

    for more than one reason.

    26.2 Firstly, the petitioner approached this Court without any

    undue delay and challenged the impugned action on 29.08.2024.

    Secondly, this Court had already passed a specific interim order on

    16.10.2024. Despite the pendency of the present writ petition and

    the interim order passed by the Co-ordinate Bench of this Court,

    respondent No. 4 consciously took the risk of proceeding with the

    contract. The financial bid of respondent No. 4 was approved and

    LOI was issued as late as on 03.09.2025. Merely because the LOI

    has been issued, certain work has been executed, or respondent

    No. 4 has invested money in the project, this Court cannot shut its

    eyes to an action which is otherwise found to be arbitrary

    discriminatory and contrary to law. More particularly, permitting

    respondent No. 4 to continue with the contract would result in the

    execution of the work at a cost exceeding the petitioner’s bid by

    approximately Rs.211/- Crores, thereby causing a substantial loss

    to the public exchequer.

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    27. This Court is of the considered view that while exercising its

    power in matters arising out of public procurement, it ordinarily

    refrains from interfering with decisions taken by the tendering

    authority. However, where the decision-making process is shown

    to be arbitrary, discriminatory, unreasonable, or in violation of the

    principles of fairness and equality embodied under Article 14 of

    the Constitution of India, the constitutional jurisdiction of this

    Court can undoubtedly be invoked.

    28. In the present case, the record reveals that respondent No. 4

    was afforded repeated opportunities to clarify and remove

    deficiencies in its bid before it was ultimately declared responsive.

    The petitioner, however, was denied any similar opportunity to

    explain or rectify the alleged deficiencies forming the basis of the

    rejection of its bid. Such unequal treatment, in the absence of any

    rational justification, vitiates the decision-making process and

    constitutes a clear departure from the standards of fairness

    expected of a public authority entrusted with the award of public

    contracts. Consequently, the impugned action cannot be insulated

    from judicial scrutiny merely on the ground that the tender

    process has subsequently progressed.

    29. This Court has carefully considered the judgments relied

    upon by the learned counsel appearing for the respective parties.

    It is a settled principle of law that the precedential value of a

    decision is to be understood in the context of the facts and issues

    that arose for determination therein. Every case is decided on its

    own peculiar facts and circumstances, and a precedent cannot be

    applied mechanically without examining whether the factual

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    matrix and the issues involved are substantially similar.

    Accordingly, the applicability of the judgments cited by the parties

    must necessarily be tested in the light of the facts and

    circumstances of the present case.

    29.1 Insofar as the reliance placed by the respondents upon The

    Project Director, RUIDP & Others (supra) is concerned, the

    said judgment is clearly distinguishable on facts. In that case, the

    bidder had been afforded an opportunity by the tendering

    authority to cure the deficiencies in its bid. It was only upon the

    bidder’s failure to remove those deficiencies despite such

    opportunity that the consequential action was upheld by the

    Court. The factual foundation of the said decision is, therefore,

    materially different from the present case. Here, no opportunity

    whatsoever was extended to the petitioner to explain or clarify the

    alleged deficiencies in its bid, despite the respondents having

    adopted such a course in respect of respondent No. 4. The ratio of

    the said decision, therefore, does not advance the case of the

    respondents. The relevant observations and principles enunciated

    in the aforesaid judgments, which are germane to the adjudication

    of the present controversy, are reproduced hereinbelow:

    “Coming now to the merits of the case in hand, the
    writ-petitioner was required to submit the document
    relating to credit facilities in forms Fin-3 to Fin-5. The
    Fin-3 stated that the certificate shall be unconditional.
    However, the writ-petitioner submitted certificate from
    the State Bank of India, which was, besides being
    conditional, was not on the format given in Fin-5.This
    certificate was issued with the condition that it is
    “without any risk and responsibility and guarantee on

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    the part of the State Bank of India or its officials.” The
    writ-petitioner was therefore given opportunity to cure
    the deficiency and was sent the letter dated06.09.2017
    asking it to cure the deficiency by 11.09.2017, but it
    sought time upto 15.09.2017. Yet it failed to remove
    the deficiency within the time prayed for. The TEC met
    on 20.09.2017and finalized the evaluation of technical
    bid and in doing so, it found the bid of the writ-
    petitioner non-responsive as the conditions of tender
    required rejection of the bid if the documents in
    accordance with ITB-16 were not submitted. Learned
    Single Judge while ignoring the relevant clauses in the
    bid document proceeded to hold that it was not material
    deviation as per the requirements specified with the bid
    documents and further held that if the bid was
    accepted, it would not have in any manner affected in
    any substantial way the scope and quality or
    performance of the work and the employer ought to
    have at examined the case of the writ-petitioner and
    allowed rectification of such non-material non-
    confirmities. We find that Clause 29.2 of the bid
    document has been completely ignored by the learned
    Single Judge, which provided that the employer shall
    confirm that the documents and information, namely,

    (a) letter of technical bid,(b) written confirmation of
    authorization to commit the bidder, (c)bid security or
    bid security declaration, if applicable; and (d)technical
    proposal in accordance with ITB 16, have been provided
    in the technical bid, and further mandated that “If any
    of these documents or information is missing, the offer
    shall be rejected.”

    (emphasis supplied)

    29.2 Further the principles laid down by the Division Bench of this

    Court in M/s Geo Miller Co. Pvt. Ltd. (Supra), wherein it was

    held that while determining the responsiveness of a bid under Rule

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    59 of the Rules of 2013, the Bid Evaluation Committee must

    examine whether the alleged omission, deviation or reservation is

    material in terms of Rule 59(3) of the Rules of 2013, and not

    reject a bid merely on account of a technical or trivial defect. The

    Division Bench of this Court further held that strict adherence to

    Rule 59(3) of the Rules of 2013 is essential to ensure

    transparency, fairness, equitable treatment of bidders and

    effective competition in the procurement process, and failure to

    undertake such an examination renders the decision-making

    process unsustainable. The relevant extracts from the aforesaid

    judgment, having a bearing on the controversy involved in the

    present case, are reproduced hereinbelow:

    “3. Under office order dated 15.6.2015, the Chief
    Engineer (Project), Department of Public Health
    Engineering, Jodhpur, declared the technical bid
    submitted by the appellant petitioner non responsive.
    The Chief Engineer concluded that the technical
    proposals given are non responsive, (i) due to failure to
    submit form CON-2; ‘Historical Contract Non
    performance’; and (ii) breakup of credit limits
    available, utilised and balance required as on
    4.2.2015.

    7. Learned Single Bench, however, did not accept the
    argument advanced by observing and holding as
    under:-

    “A reading of Form FIN 3.3 read with clauses 2.3.3 in
    Part 111 of the bid document clearly required the bidder
    to supply details of credit limit (funds based and non-
    funds based) available with the bidder and the same
    was not to be less than Rs. 22.9 crores. There was a
    requirement to specify proposed sources of financing

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    such as liquid assets, unencumbered real assets, lines
    of credit and other financial means, net of current
    commitments, available to meet the total construction
    cash flow demand of the subject contract or contracts
    as indicated in section 3 (evaluation and Qualification
    Criteria). Requirement of supplying information of ‘net
    of current commitments’ is nothing other than seeking
    information as to unutilized funds available. The
    information as supplied by the bank on 31.3.2015
    regarding financial viability did not disclose whether the
    petitioner had any funds available to it as on date bid
    document was submitted. The information sought does
    not go beyond the scope of the bid requirement as the
    very purpose of having information about un-utilized
    funds available with bidder touches upon the credibility
    and viability of the Company to execute the contract. In
    case a bidder, though having a credit limit had already
    utilized the entire funds available, it would amount to
    having no credit limit for the next project to be
    undertaken. The financial viability was part and parcel
    of the bid documents and the financial position ought to
    be reflected as on the date the bid was submitted.
    Therefore, it is held that the documents submitted on
    4.2.2015 did not furnish complete and correct
    information as required and thus there is no infirmity in
    the order dated 15.6.2015.

    …..

    …..

    …..

    …..

    …..

    Rule 59 of the rules of 2013 clearly allows a bid
    evaluation committee to determine the responsiveness
    of a bid on the basis of biding documents submitted and
    in case there is any deviation, reservation or omission
    the bid can be declared as non-responsive. As defined
    in Rule 59(2)(c) of the Rules of 2013 “Omission” is the

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    failure to submit part or all of the information or
    documentation required in the bidding documents. In
    the present case there is omission on the part of the
    bidder to supply full details and particulars as required
    in Form Con 2 as well as details of un utilized credit
    balance as on date of submission of the bid document
    and therefore the order dated 15.6.2015 holding the bid
    to be non-responsive is justified.”

    ……..

    11. On examination of the entire record we also find
    that there is no material on record on basis of that it
    can be said that the bid evaluation committee examined
    case of the appellant petitioner as per the standards
    required under sub-rule(3) of Rule 59 of the Rules of
    2013. The Rules of 2013 have been framed by the State
    Government exercising the powers conferred by Section
    55
    of the Rajasthan Transparency in Public Procurement
    Act, 2012. The Act of 2012 is enacted to regulate public
    procurement with the objectives of ensuring
    transparency, fair and equitable treatment of bidders,
    promoting competition, enhancing efficiency and
    economy and safeguarding integrity in the procurement
    process and for matters connected therewith or
    incidental thereto. The Rules of 2013 provides a
    complete scheme to execute the Act of 2012 which
    demands absolute transparency, fairness and equitable
    treatment of bidders in promotion of competition and
    enhancing efficiency and economy. Rule 59 of the Rules
    of 2013 stipulates for determination of the
    responsiveness of a bid by a bid evaluation committee
    on basis of bidding documents and the provisions of
    sub-section(2) of Section 7 of the Act of 2012.

    12. As already stated, learned Single Bench held the
    order dated 15.6.2015 justified by arriving at a
    conclusion that the appellant is guilty of ‘omission’, but
    the requirement of the rule is not simple omission but

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    ‘material omission’ and to examine that the bid
    evaluation committee should have measured all the
    documents as per the standards given under sub-
    rule(3). In reply to the writ petition nothing has been
    stated as to how the bid evaluation committee satisfied
    itself about the standards given under sub-rule(3) of
    Rule 59 of the Rules of 2013. The committee, before
    arriving to any conclusion, while examining a bid and
    the documents submitted therewith, before treating the
    same non-responsive, should have satisfied itself that
    the omission is such that in the event of acceptance of
    bid, it shall affect in any substantial way the scope,
    quality, or performance of the subject matter of
    procurement specified in the bidding documents; or
    limits in any substantial way, inconsistent with the
    bidding documents, the procuring entity’s rights or the
    bidder’s obligations under the proposed contract, or if
    rectified, shall unfairly affect the competitive position of
    other bidders presenting responsive bids. The use of
    word ‘material’ in sub-rule(2) in addition to the
    standards given under sub-rule(3) of Rule 59 is having
    great significance. In view of these provisions, the bid
    evaluation committee bears a task to examine bids
    before it minutely and in consonance to the provision of
    the Rules. The committee cannot treat a bid non
    responsive merely on count of simple omissions,
    deviations or reservations, but is supposed to
    determine affect of these defaults on merits by keeping
    in mind the provision of Rule 59(3) of the Rules of
    2013. This is not a mere formality but provision for
    strict compliance to ensure fair competition and also to
    maintain transparency. In the instant matter the
    compliance of this provision has not been made in its
    spirit. The failure on the part of the bid evaluation
    committee to adhere the sub-rule(3), in our considered
    opinion, makes the order dated 15.6.2015 bad. This

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    aspect of the matter has not been considered by
    learned Single Bench while dismissing the petition for
    writ. The judgment impugned, in our considered
    opinion, thus is bad.”

    (emphasish supplied)

    30. Accordingly, this Court deems it appropriate to allow the

    present writ petition.

    30.1 Consequently, the present writ petition is hereby allowed.

    The order dated 29.06.2024 declaring the petitioner’s bid as non-

    responsive is hereby quashed and set aside, the petitioner is held

    to have fulfilled the prescribed eligibility criteria and is declared to

    be a responsive bidder.

    30.2 Any action taken by the respondents subsequent to the filing

    of the present writ petition, including the approval of the financial

    bid of respondent No. 4, issuance of LOI, execution of the

    agreement, or any work carried out pursuant thereto stands set

    aside and shall not create any equity in favour of respondent No. 4

    so as to defeat the petitioner’s lawful claim.

    30.3 The respondents are directed to open and consider the

    financial bid of the petitioner. In the event the petitioner is found

    to be the lowest (L-1) bidder and fulfill all other terms and

    conditions of the tender, the respondents shall proceed further in

    accordance with law and award the contract to the petitioner

    hence forthwith.

    31. Pending application(s), if any, stands disposed of.

    (BIPIN GUPTA),J

    Sudha/119

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