Stories from the Middle East: The Lebanese Government Predicament  

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The opposing ideologies of Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri and Hezbollah in postwar Lebanon left this Middle Eastern country to pieces. In this episode, we will focus on the ideologies and views of the two governments.

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The Middle Eastern crisis is both complex and dangerous. The conflicts in Lebanon and Gaza can escalate at any moment and turn into a full-scale war.

As far as India’s interest is concerned, Lebanon’s stability is crucial.  There are 900 Indian military personnel stationed in Lebanon as part of United Nations Peacekeeping Missions. The Jawans are mostly from the Assam Regiment and are stationed in the eastern sector of Lebanon’s southern border. The southern border is shared by Israel and Syria making the region highly sensitive. While India wants the troops to be present there, but not at the cost of the Jawans’ lives. If the fragile Lebanese government collapses, the Indian Jawans could be in direct line of fire. The Sunni-Shia-Christian-Jewish rivalry could turn into a major conflict if Beirut was to fall.

Let us now turn our attention to the opposing views of Hariri and Hezbollah. The contradictory approach to governance by Hariri and Hezbollah were significant throughout the 90s in Lebanon. While Hariri had a more diplomatic approach and believed in investment, development, infrastructure, and tourism, Hezbollah sought military action against Israel.

A commentary available on Carnegie Endowment for International Peace mentions the following: 

“The contradiction in the strategies pursued by the postwar governments led by Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri throughout the 1990s and by Hezbollah was significant. Hariri pursued a strategy of reconstruction, development, tourism, and investment that relied on domestic security and stability, and on diplomacy to deal with the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. Hezbollah pursued a militant strategy of armed resistance and conflict with Israel. These two strategies clashed repeatedly. Escalations of conflict between  Hezbollah and Israel shook investor confidence, drove away tourists, and drained precious public resources…”

The opposing strategies were one of the major reasons for Hariri’s inability to tackle the economic downslide in Lebanon.

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace commentary reads:

“Hariri’s efforts to achieve a diplomatic end to the Israeli occupation of the South through UN resolution 425 bore no fruit, and Hezbollah’s strategy appeared vindicated in May 2000, when the Barak government withdrew unilaterally from Lebanon, under pressure from Hizbollah’s fighters. The tensions between Hariri’s and Hezbollah’s strategies also reflected an underlying struggle for power among the Sunni and Shiite communities in Lebanon.” 

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