While it is true that Hezbollah had found a loyal ally in Syria during the latter’s occupation of Lebanon, the Cedar Revolution drove the Syrian military away in 2005. In this episode, we will explore how Hezbollah originated and its role in the Syrian war.
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Hezbollah, a militant group formed in Lebanon, was formed as a result of the Lebanese Civil War. In addition to finding an ally in Syria, the group is backed by Iran and is opposed by Israel.
In 1975, the 15-year-long civil war in Lebanon broke out. The civil war was the result of the Palestinian presence in Lebanon. Hezbollah emerged as a result of the civil war. But, what exactly happened?
In 1943, a political agreement was made where power was divided among the predominant religious groups of Lebanon. According to the agreement, a Shiite Muslim would serve as the speaker of the parliament, a Sunni Muslim would serve as the prime minister and a Maronite Christian would serve as the president of the country.
The faction between these groups disturbed the delicate balance. An article published on Council on Foreign Relations mentions the following:
“…The Sunni Muslim population had grown with the arrival of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, while Shiite Muslims felt increasingly marginalized by the ruling Christian minority. Amid the infighting, Israeli forces invaded southern Lebanon in 1978 and again in 1982 to expel Palestinian guerrilla fighters that used the region as their base to attack Israel.”
Amid the chaos, a group of Shiite Muslims formed a rebel organization and began calling themselves Hezbollah: “the party of God.” The group was funded and trained by Iran’s IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)
During the civil war, Syria occupied a significant portion of Lebanon. Although Hezbollah pushed for the Syrian military to remain in Lebanon, it was driven out in Cedar Revolution in 2005.
The Council on Foreign Relations article mentions the following:
“Hezbollah publicly confirmed its involvement in the Syrian Civil War in 2013, joining Iran and Russia in supporting the Syrian government against largely Sunni rebel groups. Prior to 2013, the group had sent a small number of trainers to advise the regime.”
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