Dheeraj Sahni vs The State Of Bihar on 7 May, 2026

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    Patna High Court

    Dheeraj Sahni vs The State Of Bihar on 7 May, 2026

    Author: Purnendu Singh

    Bench: Purnendu Singh

        IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
                     CRIMINAL APPEAL (SJ) No.167 of 2014
    
        Arising Out of PS. Case No.-329 Year-2012 Thana- KHAGARIA District- Khagaria
    ======================================================
    

    Dheeraj Sahni S/O Dinesh Sahni Resident of Village South Bhadas, P.S.
    Muffasil, District Khagaria.

    … … Appellant/s
    Versus
    The State of Bihar
    … … Respondent/s
    ======================================================
    Appearance :

    SPONSORED

    For the Appellant/s : Mr. Rudra Pratap Singh, Amicus Curiae. .
    For the Respondent/s : Mr. Binod Bihari Singh, APP.
    ======================================================
    CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE PURNENDU SINGH
    C.A.V. JUDGMENT

    Date : 07-05-2026

    Heard Mr. Rudra Pratap Singh, learned Amicus

    Curiae and Mr. Binod Bihari Singh, learned APP for the State.

    2. The appellant has preferred the present appeal

    under Section 374(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure

    challenging the judgment of conviction dated 11.02.2014 and

    order of sentence dated 14.02.2014 passed by the learned

    Additional District and Sessions Judge-I, Khagaria in Sessions

    Case No. 342/2012, arising out of Khagaria (Muffasil) P.S.

    Case No. 329 of 2012, whereby and whereunder, the appellant

    has been convicted for the offence punishable under Section

    376/511 of the Indian Penal Code and has been sentenced to
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    undergo rigorous imprisonment for five years and Rs. 5000/-

    fine and in default of payment of fine, to undergo rigorous

    imprisonment for three months and the amount of fine shall be

    paid to the mother of the victim.

    BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE

    3. The prosecution story, in brief, is that the informant

    Pinki Devi, wife of Hare Ram Sahni, submitted a written report

    before the Superintendent of Police, Khagaria, on 30.06.2012,

    wherein she categorically alleged that on 29.06.2012 at about

    1:00 p.m., while her daughters, namely Deepika Kumari, aged

    about 5 years, and Daizy Kumari, aged about 4 years, were

    playing in front of the house of Dinesh Sahni. The appellant

    who is son of Dinesh Sahni, allegedly lured the victim Deepika

    Kumari on the pretext of giving money and then took the victim

    along with her younger sister Daizy Kumari inside the room and

    committed rape upon her. On hearing the cry of her daughter,

    the informant rushed to the house and allegedly witnessed the

    accused through a window committing rape upon the victim.

    However, upon raising an alarm, the accused fled away through

    the roof. It is further alleged that the informant found her

    daughter lying naked, with dust on her body. Thereafter, the

    informant took her daughter (the victim). Subsequently, she
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    went to the Police Station, where she was advised to approach

    the Sarpanch for redressal of her grievance. She approached the

    Sarpanch of the Gram Katchahari who did not meet her. On the

    basis of the written report filed by the informant before the

    Superintendent of Police, Khagaria, Khagaria (Mufassil) P.S.

    Case No. 329 of 2012 was lodged on 30.06.2012 under Section

    376 of the I.P.C. against the sole accused, appellant hereof. After

    institution of the F.I.R., the Investigating Officer conducted

    investigation and found the case to be true under Section 376 of

    the I.P.C., and accordingly submitted charge-sheet before the

    learned court below. Thereafter, the learned Magistrate, upon

    perusal of the materials on record, took cognizance of the

    alleged offence on 10.09.2012, and the case was subsequently

    committed to the Court of Sessions on 01.11.2012. Pursuant to

    the conclusion of the trial, impugned judgment was passed.

    ARGUMENT ON BEHALF OF AMICUS CURIAE

    4. Learned Amicus Curiae, submitted that the

    testimony of Prosecution Witness No. 7, the informant, is not

    reliable and does not inspire confidence, so as, to sustain the

    conviction in the absence of independent corroboration. It was

    contended that the entire prosecution case rests upon her sole

    testimony and single identification. The informant is an
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    interested witness, being the chachi of the appellant and they

    reside in the same house with a common courtyard giving rise to

    the possibility of prior animosity or ulterior motive, which the

    prosecution has failed to dispel. Learned counsel drew the

    attention of this Court to paragraph 22 of the case diary and

    submitted that, as per the description therein, the alleged place

    of occurrence had no door or window; however, PW-7 in her

    examination-in-chief deposed that the door was closed from

    inside and that she witnessed the occurrence by peeping through

    a window and thereafter instructed her younger daughter aged

    about 4 years to open the door. This material contradiction, it

    was urged, strikes at the root of the prosecution case and renders

    her version inherently unreliable.

    5. It was further submitted that the testimony of

    PW-7 suffers from serious improbabilities, inasmuch as her

    claim of having witnessed the occurrence through a window

    appears doubtful. It is contended that, instead of raising an

    alarm and calling other family members, the informant allegedly

    instructed her minor daughter to open the door, who was unable

    to reach the bolt to unlock it. Moreover, the fact that the

    Investigating Officer did not find any such door at the place of

    occurrence renders the entire version unnatural and improbable.
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    6. Learned counsel further submitted that the

    condition of the victim, as described by PW-7, finds no

    corroboration from the medical evidence, which assumes

    significant importance in a case of this nature. It was also urged

    that the statement of the victim under Section 164 Cr.P.C. was

    not recorded, and, more importantly, the victim child, in her

    deposition before the learned trial court, did not support the

    prosecution case and categorically stated that no wrongful act

    had been committed against her. The victim further failed to

    identify the appellant, who is admittedly her own cousin brother,

    thereby creating a serious dent in the prosecution case.

    7. In view of the aforesaid material contradictions,

    inherent improbabilities, absence of medical corroboration, and

    the failure of the victim to support the prosecution case, learned

    counsel submitted that the testimony of PW-7 cannot be said to

    be of sterling quality so as to form the sole basis of conviction.

    It was thus urged that the prosecution has failed to establish the

    charge beyond reasonable doubt and the appellants are entitled

    to the benefit of doubt.

    ARGUMENT ON BEHALF OF THE STATE

    8. Per Contra, learned APP appearing on behalf of the

    State while opposing the appeal submitted that the learned
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    District court, after considering all the evidences, both oral and

    documentary, adduced during the course of trial, has committed

    no error, either of fact or of law, in recording the conviction of

    the appellant on the basis of cogent and reliable material on

    record, warranting no interference by this Court.

    ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

    9. Heard the parties.

    10. I have perused the lower court records and

    proceedings and also taken note of the arguments canvassed by

    learned counsel appearing on behalf of the parties.

    PROVISION OF LAW

    11. Before I proceed to analyze the evidences in support

    of the allegation both oral i.e. direct evidence what the witnesses

    personally said, heard or perceived and the documentary

    evidences, both primary and secondary evidences which needs

    consideration to decide the appeal, I find it gainful to reproduce

    the provisions of Sections 375, 376 and 511 of the Indian Penal

    Code, which are as under:-

    375. Rape.– A man is said to commit
    “rape” if he–(a) penetrates his penis, to any extent,
    into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman
    or makes her to do so with him or any other person;

    or

    (b) inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the
    body, not being the penis, into the vagina, the
    urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so
    with him or any other person; or
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    (c) manipulates any part of the body of a woman so
    as to cause penetration into the vagina, urethra,
    anus or any part of body of such woman or makes
    her to do so with him or any other person; or

    (d) applies his mouth to the vagina, anus, urethra of
    a woman or makes her to do so with him or any
    other person,under the circumstances falling under
    any of the following seven descriptions:

    (First.)– Against her will.

    (Secondly.) — Without her consent.

    (Thirdly.) — With her consent, when her consent has
    been obtained by putting her or any person in whom
    she is interested, in fear of death or of hurt,
    (Fourthly.) — With her consent, when the man
    knows that he is not her husband and that her
    consent is given because she believes that he is
    another man to whom she is or believes herself to be
    lawfully married.

    (Fifthly.) — With her consent when, at the time of
    giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of
    mind or intoxication or the administration by him
    personally or through another of any stupefying or
    unwholesome substance, she is unable to
    understand the nature and consequences of that to
    which she gives consent.

    (Sixthly.) — With or without her consent, when she
    is under eighteen years of age.

    (Seventhly.) — When she is unable to communicate
    consent.

    Explanation 1.– For the purposes of this section,
    “vagina” shall also include labia majora.
    Explanation 2.– Consent means an unequivocal
    voluntary agreement when the woman by words,
    gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal
    communication, communicates willingness to
    participate in the specific sexual act:

    Provided that a woman who does not physically
    resist to the act of penetration shall not by the
    reason only of that fact, be regarded as consenting
    to the sexual activity.

    Exception 1.– A medical procedure or intervention
    shall not constitute rape.

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    Exception 2.– Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by
    a man with his own wife, the wife not being under
    fifteen years of age, is not rape.”

    376. Punishment for rape.– (1)Whoever,
    except in the cases provided for in sub-section (2),
    commits rape, shall be punished with rigorous
    imprisonment of either description for a term which
    [shall not be less than ten years, but which may
    extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be
    liable to fine]

    511. Punishment for attempting to commit
    offences punishable with imprisonment for life or
    other imprisonment.–Whoever attempts to commit
    an offence punishable by this Code with
    imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause
    such an offence to be committed, and in such
    attempt does any act towards the commission of the
    offence, shall, where no express provision is made
    by this Code for the punishment of such attempt, be
    punished with imprisonment of any description
    provided for the offence, for a term which may
    extend to one-half of the imprisonment for life or, as
    the case may be, one-half of the longest term of
    imprisonment provided for that offence, or with such
    fine as is provided for the offence, or with both.

    Illustrations

    (a) A makes an attempt to steal some jewels by
    breaking open a box, and finds after so opening the
    box, that there is no jewel in it. He has done an act
    towards the commission of theft, and therefore is
    guilty under this section.

    (b) A makes an attempt to pick the pocket of Z by
    thrusting his hand into Z’s pocket. A fails in the
    attempt in consequence of Z’s having nothing in his
    pocket. A is guilty under this section.”

    STATEMENT RECORDED UNDER SECTION
    164 CR.P.C. AND ITS RETRACTION DURING
    THE COURSE OF TRIAL

    12. The law in this regard is well settled by the

    Apex Court in the case of Vijaya Singh & Anr. v State of

    Uttarakhand reported in 2024 INSC 905, that the statement

    under Section 164 Cr.P.C. can not be discarded, which finds
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    reference in Paragraph No.31, which is reproduced inter alia

    hereinafter :

    “31. Having said so, we deem it fit to observe that a
    statement under Section 164 CrPC cannot be discarded
    at the drop of a hat and on a mere statement of the
    witness that it was not recorded correctly. For, a judicial
    satisfaction of the Magistrate, to the effect that the
    statement being recorded is the correct version of the
    facts stated by the witness, forms part of every such
    statement and a higher burden must be placed upon the
    witness to retract from the same. To permit retraction by a
    witness from a signed statement recorded before the
    Magistrate on flimsy grounds or on mere assertions
    would effectively negate the difference between a
    statement recorded by the police officer and that recorded
    by the Judicial Magistrate. In the present matter, there is
    no reasonable ground to reject the statements recorded
    under Section 164 CrPC and reliance has correctly been
    placed upon the said statements by the courts below.”

    13. In the case of State of Rajasthan v. Om

    Prakash reported in (2002) 7 SCC 745 the Apex Court sounded

    a warning against offences of sexual nature against children, in

    the following terms in Paragraph no.19, which inter alia is

    reproduced as under:

    “19. Child rape cases are cases of
    perverse lust for sex where even innocent children
    are not spared in pursuit of sexual pleasure. There
    cannot be anything more obscene than this. It is a
    crime against humanity. Many such cases are not
    even brought to light because of the social stigma
    attached thereto. According to some surveys, there
    has been a steep rise in child rape cases. Children
    need special care and protection. In such cases,
    responsibility on the shoulders of the courts is more
    onerous so as to provide proper legal protection to
    these children. Their physical and mental immobility
    call for such protection. Children are the natural
    resource of our country. They are the country’s
    future. Hope of tomorrow rests on them. In our
    country, a girl child is in a very vulnerable position
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    and one of the modes of her exploitation is rape
    besides other modes of sexual abuse. These factors
    point towards a different approach required to be
    adopted…”

    14. In case of Pradeep v. State of Haryana

    reported in (2023) SCC OnLine SC 777, it was held that the

    role of the trial Judge, when a case involves a child witness,

    becomes heightened. The Apex Court held as under :

    “10. Before recording evidence of a
    minor, it is the duty of a Judicial Officer to ask
    preliminary questions to him with a view to
    ascertain whether the minor can understand the
    questions put to him and is in a position to give
    rational answers. The Judge must be satisfied that
    the minor is able to understand the questions and
    respond to them and understands the importance of
    speaking the truth. Therefore, the role of the Judge
    who records the evidence is very crucial. He has to
    make a proper preliminary examination of the minor
    by putting appropriate questions to ascertain
    whether the minor is capable of understanding the
    questions put to him and is able to give rational
    answers. It is advisable to record the preliminary
    questions and answers so that the Appellate Court
    can go into the correctness of the opinion of the
    Trial Court.”

    15. In case of Hemudan Nanbha Gadhvi v. State

    of Gujarat, reported in, (2019) 17 SCC 523, the Apex Court

    held that a nine year old prosecutrix turning hostile would not

    be fatal blow to the prosecution case when other evidence can

    establish the guilt of the accused.

    16. In case of Ganesan v. State, reported in, (2020)

    10 SCC 573, held that the sole testimony of the victim, if found
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    reliable and trustworthy, requires no corroboration and may be

    sufficient to invite conviction of the accused also the reliance

    has correctly been placed upon the said statements by the courts

    below, the Court observed.

    17. During the trial, the prosecution has examined

    altogether nine witnesses, namely:

    1) PW-1 Leela Devi ( Co – Villager)

    2) PW-2 Mahesh Tanti, ( Co – Villager)

    3) PW-3 Dilip Kumar Tanti ( Co – Villager)

    4) PW-4 Hare Ram Sahni, father of the victim

    5) PW-5 Deepika Kumari (victim)

    6) PW-6 Dr. Manju Kumari (Doctor)

    7) PW-7 Pinki Devi (informant)

    8) PW-8 Rajpati Devi ( Co – Villager)

    9) PW-9 Dasrath Yadav ( Co – Villager)

    18. The prosecution has also relied upon following

    documents exhibited during the course of trial:

    (i) Exhibit- 2- Medical Report

    (ii) Exhibit-2/1- Pathology Report

    19. On the basis of materials surfaced during the

    trial, the appellant/accused Upon a meticulous examination of

    the record, it appears that the PW-1, PW-2 and PW-3 turned

    hostile and the evidence of other prosecution witnesses (PWs)

    are summarized as follows:

    (I) P.W. 4 – Hare Ram Sahni, the father of the

    victim, establishes that upon hearing an alarm (halla), he
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    proceeded to the appellant’s door where he observed his

    daughter in a nude state. He admitted in his cross-examination

    that the appellant is his cousin-nephew and that they share the

    same courtyard. Crucially, he conceded that no physical injuries

    were found on the victim’s body and clarified that his

    understanding of the alleged assault was based entirely on the

    account provided by his wife.

    (II) P.W. 5, Deepika Kumari, the victim, stated that

    she is aged about five years, but notably turned hostile to the

    prosecution’s case. In her testimony before the court, she

    categorically denied the allegations set forth by her mother and

    stated that no rape had been committed upon her. Furthermore,

    she failed to identify the appellant.

    (III) P.W. 6, Dr. Manju Kumari, – She deposed that

    she conducted the physical examination of the victim. She did

    not find any external injury on the victim’s body. She confirmed

    that there was no medical sign or traumatic indicator of rape

    found in the private parts of the victim.

    (IV) P.W. 7, Pinki Devi, the informant and mother of

    the victim, remained consistent with her initial version of the

    incident as alleged in the F.I.R. She maintained in her testimony

    that she was the sole eyewitness to the occurrence. However, it
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    was noted that she did not disclose the existence of any land

    dispute between her family and the accused during her

    deposition.

    (V) P.W. 8, Rajpati Devi, – She serves as hearsay

    evidence regarding the immediate aftermath of the incident. She

    stated that she rushed to the spot upon hearing the cries of P.W.

    7 and was informed by the informant at the scene that a rape had

    been committed upon the child.

    (VI) P.W. 9, Dashrath Yadav, testified as a formal

    witness. While he successfully proved his signature on the

    F.I.R., he did not provide any substantive evidence regarding the

    commission of the alleged offense or the involvement of the

    appellant.

    20. On the basis of materials surfaced during the

    trial, the appellant/accused was examined under Section 313 of

    the CrPC by putting incriminating circumstances/evidences

    surfaced against him, which he denied and showed his complete

    innocence.

    21. The record reveals that PW-1, PW-2 and PW-

    3 ,were declared hostile during the trial as they did not support

    the prosecution case on material particulars, and nothing

    substantive transpired from their testimonies which could be
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    said to corroborate or lend assurance to the version of the other

    prosecution witnesses. Their evidence does not advance the

    prosecution case with regard to the allegations of dowry

    demand, cruelty, or the alleged disappearance of the deceased.

    Therefore, the testimonies of these witnesses are not relevant

    qua establishing the guilt of the accused/appellants.

    22. On a careful perusal of the evidence, facts, and

    law, it emerges that the prosecution case suffers from serious

    infirmities and lacks the degree of proof required to sustain

    conviction. P.Ws. 1, 2, and 3 have admittedly turned hostile and

    have not supported the prosecution case in any manner. P.W. 4,

    the father of the victim, is not an eyewitness and has clearly

    deposed that his knowledge regarding the alleged occurrence is

    based solely on what was narrated to him by his wife (P.W. 7);

    he has further admitted that no injury was found on the body of

    the victim and that the parties are closely related, residing in the

    same premises with a common courtyard. P.W. 5, the victim

    herself, who is the most material witness, has turned hostile and

    categorically denied the allegation of rape and has even failed to

    identify the appellant in Court, thereby striking at the very root

    of the prosecution case. The medical evidence, as deposed by

    P.W. 6, does not support the prosecution version, as no external
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    or internal injury or any sign suggestive of sexual assault was

    found on the victim. P.W. 8 is merely a hearsay witness, having

    reached the place of occurrence after the alleged incident and

    having derived knowledge only from the informant, while P.W.

    9 is a formal witness who has only proved the formal aspects of

    the case. Thus, the entire prosecution case essentially rests upon

    the sole testimony of P.W. 7, the informant, whose version, as

    discussed, suffers from material contradictions, inherent

    improbabilities, and lack of corroboration from both ocular and

    medical evidence. In such circumstances, where the star witness

    (victim) has not supported the case, the medical evidence does

    not corroborate the allegations, and the independent witnesses

    have turned hostile, it would be unsafe to base the conviction

    solely on the testimony of P.W. 7.

    23. In the present case, the most crucial aspect,

    namely, the statement of the victim, does not advance the

    prosecution case, rather, it creates a serious dent in it. It is an

    admitted position on record that the statement of the victim

    under Section 164 Cr.P.C. was not recorded at all, thereby

    depriving the prosecution of a vital piece of substantive

    corroborative evidence ordinarily relied upon in cases of this

    nature. Further, when the victim herself entered the witness box
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    as P.W. 5 before the learned trial court, she did not support the

    prosecution version and categorically denied that any such

    occurrence had taken place. She also failed to identify the

    appellant, who is admittedly her close relative, thereby

    rendering the prosecution story highly doubtful. In the absence

    of a statement under Section 164 Cr.P.C., coupled with the

    victim turning hostile in court, the evidentiary foundation of the

    prosecution case stands considerably weakened, and no reliance

    can safely be placed on the uncorroborated testimony of the

    informant (P.W. 7) to sustain the conviction.

    24. The primary challenge in the present appeal

    lies in the fact that the material prosecution witnesses, including

    the victim (P.W. 5) and other independent witnesses, have not

    supported the prosecution case and have been declared hostile

    during trial. While it is a settled principle of law that the

    testimony of a hostile witness is not to be discarded in total and

    that the Court may rely upon such portions of the evidence

    which find corroboration from other reliable material on record,

    the said principle does not aid the prosecution in the facts of the

    present case. Significantly, the statement of the victim under

    Section 164 Cr.P.C., which could have lent some degree of

    assurance to the prosecution version, was admittedly not
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    recorded. In such a situation, there remains no prior consistent

    statement of the victim before a judicial authority which could

    be used even for the limited purpose of corroboration. On the

    contrary, the victim, in her deposition before the learned trial

    court, has categorically denied the occurrence and has not

    supported the allegations levelled against the appellant. In the

    absence of any substantive or corroborative material, and

    particularly when the star witness has resiled from the

    prosecution case, the evidentiary foundation becomes too fragile

    to sustain conviction.

    25. Further, it is evident from the medical

    evidence on record that the same does not provide any

    unimpeachable scientific support to the prosecution case so as to

    bridge the gaps created by the hostility of the witnesses. On the

    contrary, P.W. 6, the doctor who examined the victim, has

    categorically deposed that “no external injury was found on the

    body of the victim and there were no signs or indicators

    suggestive of rape on her private parts.” The medical findings,

    thus, do not disclose any evidence of recent sexual assault or

    penetration. In such circumstances, where the medical evidence

    fails to corroborate the ocular version and does not indicate any

    genital injury or trauma, the evidentiary chain stands seriously
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    weakened. In absence of any supportive medical findings,

    coupled with the victim turning hostile and denying the

    occurrence, it cannot be said that the prosecution has been able

    to establish its case through reliable scientific or medical

    evidence.

    26. In the case of Sadashiv Ramrao Hadbe v.

    State of Maharashtra, reported in (2006) 10 SCC 92, the

    Hon’ble Supreme Court held that when the version of the

    prosecutrix is not of sterling quality and is inconsistent with the

    medical evidence, and when the surrounding circumstances

    render the prosecution story doubtful, the accused is entitled to

    the benefit of doubt. The Court further held that conviction

    cannot be sustained where the prosecution has failed to prove its

    case beyond reasonable doubt.

    27. Applying the aforesaid settled principles of law

    to the facts of the present case, and bearing in mind that material

    contradictions between the version of the informant as set out in

    the F.I.R. and her deposition before the Court render her

    testimony unreliable, this Court finds that the prosecution case

    does not inspire confidence. In the present matter, not only has

    the victim failed to support the allegations during trial and even

    failed to identify the appellant, but the sole testimony of the
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    informant (P.W. 7) also suffers from material inconsistencies

    and inherent improbabilities. Further, the medical evidence, as

    deposed by the doctor (P.W. 6), clearly indicates absence of any

    injury or sign suggestive of sexual assault and does not

    corroborate the prosecution version. In such circumstances,

    where the ocular testimony is inconsistent and stands

    uncorroborated by medical evidence, the prosecution has failed

    to establish the charge beyond reasonable doubt. Consequently,

    the appellant is entitled to the benefit of doubt and the

    conviction cannot be sustained.

    28. Accordingly, this Court finds that the impugned

    judgment of conviction dated 11.02.2014 and order of sentence

    dated 14.02.2014 passed by the learned Additional District and

    Sessions Judge-I, Khagaria in Sessions Case No. 342/2012,

    arising out of Khagaria (Muffasil) P.S. Case No. 329 of 2012,

    whereby, the appellant has been convicted under Section

    376/511 of the Indian Penal Code, is hereby set aside.

    29. Accordingly, the present appeal stands allowed.

    30. The Patna High Court, Legal Services

    Committee is, hereby, directed to pay a sum of Rs. 10,000/-

    (Rupees Ten Thousand) to Mr. Rudra Pratap Singh, learned

    Amicus Curiae, as consolidated fee, for rendering his valuable
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    professional service for disposal of the present appeal.

    31. Office is directed to send back the lower court

    records along with a copy of the judgment to the learned District

    Court forthwith.

    (Purnendu Singh, J)
    mantreshwar/-

    AFR/NAFR
    CAV DATE               24.04.2026
    Uploading Date         07.05.2026
    Transmission Date      07.05.2026
     



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