Gauhati High Court
Ekta Shakti Foundation vs The State Of Assam And Anr on 6 April, 2026
Author: Soumitra Saikia
Bench: Soumitra Saikia
Page No.# 1/23
GAHC010133112024
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THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
(HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Case No. : Arb.P./27/2024
EKTA SHAKTI FOUNDATION,
REPRESENTED THROUGH AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE/ PROJECT
DIRECTOR MR. ANIL KUMAR AGGARWAL, HAVING ITS OFFICE A-20,
BASEMENT AND UPPER GROUND FLOOR, NEW KRISHNA PARK, VIKAS
PURI, NEW DELHI-110018.
VERSUS
THE STATE OF ASSAM AND ANR
THROUGH THE COMMISSIONER AND SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT
OF ASSAM, EDUCATION (ELEMENTARY DEPARTMENT), DISPUR,
GUWAHATI.
2:THE OFFICE OF THE STATE NODAL OFFICER
REPRESENTED THROUGH THE MISSION DIRECTOR
SAMAGRA SHIKSHA AND STATE NODAL OFFICER
MID-DAY-MEAL SCHEME
SSA CAMPUS
KAHILIPARA
GUWAHATI-781019
ASSA
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-B E F O R E -
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SOUMITRA SAIKIA
Advocate for the petitioner :Mr. S Sancheti, Advocate
Advocate for the respondents :Mr. P Nayak, Addl. Advocate General, Assam
Date of Order: : 06.04.2026
ORDER
The petitioner is an NGO registered under the Societies Registration
Act. The respondent No. 2 is a State Nodal Office, Mid-day Meals scheme,
Assam. The scheme is floated by the Government for supply of mid-day
meals to the children of various primary and upper primary classes
studying in Government and Government-aided schools. The respondent
No. 2 is represented by the Mission Director, who is a Government Official
of the State of Assam under the respondent No. 1, namely the
Department of Elementary Education, Government of Assam.
2. In response to the Expression of Interest (EoI) issued by the
respondent No. 2 inviting applications from various NGOs for supplying
freshly cooked mid-day meals to Government and Government-aided
schools in Assam, the petitioner being eligible and having experience in
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the said category of work applied under the Scheme. By communication
dated 01.09.2018, the petitioner was granted approval for establishing a
Central Kitchen and was allotted work in the districts of Bongaigaon,
Dhubri and Morigaon, as per norms, to provide hygienic, healthy and
nutritious hot-cooked food to children under the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in
accordance with the existing guidelines of the Government of India.
Thereafter, a contract agreement was executed between the petitioner
and the respondent No. 2 by way of an MoU/Agreement dated
26.10.2018 for the said purpose. Subsequent communications were
exchanged between the respondents and the petitioner regarding the
supply requirements, including the number of schools, number of
children, beneficiaries, and the scheduled date of commencement of
supply from 01.01.2019 to 01.04.2019. There was a request made by the
petitioner for extension of time for commencement of the hot-cooked
Mid-Day Meal supply. Meanwhile, in pursuance of the allotted work, the
petitioner incurred an expenditure of Rs. 3,87,78,435/- towards purchase
of land, construction of buildings, rental charges, and investment in fixed
assets. The petitioner further claims to have availed a cash credit facility
from a bank, on which an amount of Rs. 36,63,063/- has been paid as
interest up to 31.03.2023.
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3. While the petitioner’s request for extension was not replied to, by
communication dated 10.11.2019, the respondents instructed the
petitioner to stop further supply of hot cooked mid-day meals until further
orders. Although no reasons were stated to have been cited in the said
communication, petitioner however continued to maintain the
infrastructure/kitchens which were also inspected by the officials of the
SSA from the district of Bongaigaon and a proper inspection report to that
effect has also been issued.
4. It is the case of the petitioner that under Clause 54 of the
MoU/Agreement dated 26.10.2018, a notice period of 30 days was
required before terminating the contract. Accordingly, the petitioner
submitted a representation dated 28.12.2020 before the authorities,
requesting reconsideration of the arbitrary termination of the contract.
However, no response was received from the respondents. The petitioner
being aggrieved approached this Court by filing W.P(C) No. 1620/2022
which came to be dismissed by the order dated 26.06.2023. However,
petitioner was granted liberty to invoke arbitration as per Clause 56 of the
MoU/Agreement dated 26.10.2018.
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5. According to the petitioner, notice was sent under section 11(6) for
appointment of an arbitrator through its advocate on 27.07.2023 but no
response was received from the respondents to the said notice. Being
aggrieved, the present application under section 11(6) has been filed.
6. The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that since the
respondents have failed to appoint an Arbitrator as per the demand
raised by the notice, the petitioner has approached this Court. It is
further submitted that in terms of the Clause 56 of the MoU/Agreement,
it is provided that the demand for arbitration shall be raised on which the
matter will be referred to the State Government and who will thereafter
appoint a sole Arbitrator. This provision in any event of the matter is
contrary to the law laid down by the Apex Court in a series of Judgments
rendered in Perkins Eastman Architects DPC & Anr. Vs. HSCC (India) Ltd,
reported in (2019) SCCOnline SC 1517 and finally, the issue came to be
settled by the Apex Court in a Constitution Bench Judgment rendered in
Re: Interplay between Arbitration Agreements and Arbitration and
Consolidation Act 1966 and the Indian Stump Act 1899 on the scope of
the powers of a referral Court under Section 11 of the Act of 1996.
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7. The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that since the
respondents have failed to act upon the notice issued by the petitioner
calling upon them to appoint an Arbitrator and in any event of the matter,
since the arbitration agreement contains a Clause that the matter should
be referred to the State Government who in turn will appoint an officer of
the Government being contrary to the amendments brought into the Act
of 1996 under Section 12(5), more particularly when the petitioner has
not expressed its consent towards appointment of such an officer, this
application should be allowed and a sole Arbitrator be appointed by the
Court to decide the dispute(s) and the differences arising by and between
the parties relating to the agreement dated 26.10.2018.
8. The learned counsel for the petitioner has referred to the
Judgments of the Apex Court rendered in Goqii Technologies Pvt Ltd. Vs.
Sokrati Technologies Pvt. Ltd., reported in (2025) 2 SCC 192 to submit
that the law laid down by the Apex Court with regard to the powers on
the referral Court under section 11(6) of the Act of 1996 is that the
referral Court is only to look into the existence of a valid arbitration
agreement. The arbitrability of the disputes are to be left to be decided
by the Arbitral Tribunal. In so far as this application is concerned, there is
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no dispute that there is a valid arbitration clause being Clause No. 56 of
the said MoU/Agreement. The respondents have also not disputed the
existence of a valid arbitration clause. Therefore, the prayer of the
petitioner should be allowed and direction be issued by the Court for
appointment of a sole Arbitrator who will decide the difference and
disputes arising out of the agreement dated 26.10.2019 executed by and
between the parties.
9. Per contra, Mr. P. Nayak, learned Addl. Advocate General, Assam
representing the respondents submits that the petitioner had earlier
approached this Court which came to be dismissed. Referring to the said
order dated 26.06.2023 passed in W.P(C) No. 1620/2022, he submits that
the Co-ordinate Bench while dismissing the writ petition had returned a
finding that the normal tenure of the MoU having been found to have
expired on 31.12.2021 which is after normal tenure of three years of the
MoU. The contract was found to be determinable in nature and it was
held that the petitioner is not found to be entitled to any further specific
performance of the contract after a lapse and/or expiry of the contract
period covered by the said MoU/Agreement. The learned Single Bench
held that at best the petitioner would be perhaps entitled to approach the
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Civil Court for seeking damages and/or compensation if so advised and
accordingly, it was held that the writ petition failed and the same is
dismissed. However, having regard to clause 56 of the MoU/Agreement,
the Court was inclined to provide that the dismissal of the writ petition
shall not be a bar for the petitioner to invoke the arbitration clause. It
was further provided that the period spent before the Writ court from
25.02.2022 till the date of passing of the order, i.e order dated
26.06.2023, the petitioner would be entitled to claim extension of time for
proceeding bona fide in Court without jurisdiction. The learned Addl.
Advocate General therefore submits that the finding recorded in the Writ
petition clearly revealed that the petitioner is not entitled to any claims
save and except damages and compensation for which the petitioner has
been permitted to avail of before a Civil court. As such, notwithstanding
the liberty granted to invoke the arbitration clause, the finding of the
Court, not having been appealed against, has attained finality to the
effect that the petitioner is entitled only to claim compensation and
damages, for which he may approach the Civil Court. Therefore, referring
the petitioner to arbitration would be futile, as no relief can be granted to
the petitioner in view of the categorical findings recorded by the Writ
Court in the writ petition filed by the petitioner. Therefore, the present
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application should be dismissed. The learned counsel for the respondents
has referred to the Judgments of the Apex Court rendered in SBI General
Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Krish Spinning, reported in 2024 SCC Online SC
1754 to submit that where no arbitrable dispute subsists then the
reference to arbitration must not be allowed. The Hon’ble Court in that
Judgment was also pleaded to hold that in cases where the claims are
found to be ex-facie time barred and deadwood, the Court can interfere
and refuse to refer the matter for arbitration. He submits that in the
present case also in view of the finding of the Writ Court that the
petitioner is entitled only to damages and compensation, such claims can
be determined by a competent Court of Civil jurisdiction. No reference to
arbitration is called for. Under such circumstances, the application should
be dismissed as not maintainable.
10. The further argument of the respondents counsel is that the
procedure prescribed in the arbitration agreement at Clause 56 has not
been adhered to by the petitioner. In terms of the provisions of the Act of
1996, petitioner will issue a notice under section 21 calling upon the
respondents to appoint an Arbitrator in terms of the agreement. It is the
submission of the counsel for the respondents that such notice was never
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issued on the respondents calling upon them to appoint an Arbitrator.
Rather, they were intimated by communication dated 21.02.2024 whereby
the petitioner has intimated the respondents that an application under
Section 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation act shall be filed for
appointment of the arbitrator as unilateral appointment of a sole
arbitrator, is invalid in terms of the Judgment rendered in Perkins
Eastman Architects DPC (Supra). It is submitted that in terms of the
Provisions of Clause 56 of the agreement, the petitioner is to issue a
notice calling upon the respondents to appoint an arbitrator. Even
assuming, though not admitting, that the respondents are required to
refer the matters to the State government for appointment of an
arbitrator, that stage had not been crossed and prior to that this
application under Section 11(6) has been filed praying for an arbitrator.
Had the petitioner issued a notice as contemplated under Clause 56 of
the Agreement, the matter would have been referred to the Government
for appointment of a sole arbitrator. Only upon the matter being referred
to an arbitrator or to the State Government, the question of appointment
of an arbitrator by the State in terms of Clause 56 of the Agreement
would have arisen. If thereupon the petitioners did not agree to the name
suggested, then the stage for filing an application under section 11(6)
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would have arisen. In the present case before even the respondents were
called upon to perform their duties as contemplated under Section 11
read with Section 21 of the Act of 1996, the petitioner is filed this
application under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act,
1996. Therefore, the stage for invocation of power under section 11(6) at
this stage has not a reason in view of the failure of the petitioner to
comply with the provisions of Clause 56 of the MoU/Agreement.
11. The learned counsel for the parties have been heard. Pleadings
available on record have been carefully perused. The arbitration Clause as
provided at Clause 56 of the Agreement reads as under:
“56. Arbitration : In the event of any dispute arising out of the contract
between the parties here to, the same shall be referred to the sole
arbitrator of the State Government or any officer appointed by the State
Government on its behalf. The proceedings held by the arbitration in
making award will be in accordance with the provisions of Indian
Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 or any statutory amendments thereof.
The award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties.”
12. From a perusal of the said Clause, it is clear that once disputes
arise, the contractor would call upon the respondents to raise their claims
before the employer and if they are not settled, call upon them to refer
the matter to arbitration. In terms of Clause 56 once such a notice is
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issued, the respondents would refer the matter to the Government and
thereupon the Government will appoint an Arbitrator. If under Section
12(5) of the Act of 1996 read with the Judgments of Central Organization
for Railway Electrification Vs. ECI SPIC SMO MCML (JV), reported in 2024 SCC
Online SC 3219 and Re: Interplay between Arbitration Agreements and
Arbitration and Consolidation Act 1966 and the Indian Stump Act 1899 , if
the contractor does not give its consent for appointment of the arbitrator
from the curated panel maintained by the Government then an
application under 11(6) can be filed. The relevant portions of these
Judgments are extracted below.
In Central Organization for Railway Electrification (Supra), the
Constitution Bench of five Hon’ble Judges of the Supreme Court passed the
judgment in three parts, the majority view of the Judgment is extracted as
under:
“a. The principle of equal treatment of parties applies at all stages of
arbitration proceedings, including the stage of appointment of
arbitrators;
b. The Arbitration Act does not prohibit PSUs from empanelling potential
arbitrators. However, an arbitration clause cannot mandate the other
party to select its arbitrator from the panel curated by PSUs;
c. A clause that allows one party to unilaterally appoint a sole arbitrator
Page No.# 13/23gives rise to justifiable doubts as to the independence and impartiality of
the arbitrator. Further, such a unilateral clause is exclusive and hinders
equal participation of the other party in the appointment process of
arbitrators;
d. In the appointment of a three-member panel, mandating the other
party to select its arbitrator from a curated panel of potential arbitrators
is against the principle of equal treatment of parties. In this situation,
there is no effective counterbalance because parties do not participate
equally in the process of appointing arbitrators. The process of
appointing arbitrators in CORE (supra) is unequal and prejudiced in
favour of the Railways;
e. Unilateral appointment clauses in public-private contracts are violative
of Article 14 of the Constitution;
f. The principle of express waiver contained under the proviso to Section
12(5) also applies to situations where the parties seek to waive the
allegation of bias against an arbitrator appointed unilaterally by one of
the parties. After the disputes have arisen, the parties can determine
whether there is a necessity to waive the nemo judex rule; andg. The law laid down in the present reference will apply prospectively to
arbitrator appointments to be made after the date of this judgment. This
direction applies to three-member tribunals”
13. These provisions have been consistently referred to also in the
subsequent Judgments rendered in SBI General Insurance Co. Ltd.
(Supra).
14. The question before this Court is whether, in the absence of a
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specific notice under Section 21 of the Act of 1996 calling upon the
respondents to appoint an Arbitrator and whether the referral Court can
invoke its jurisdiction under section 11(6) of the act of 1996 pursuant to
the amendments brought in under Section 12(5) of the Act of 1996 as
also the Judgments of the Apex Court rendered in Central Organization for
Railway Electrification (Supra) and Re: Interplay between Arbitration
Agreements and Arbitration and Consolidation Act 1966 and the Indian
Stump Act 1899 as well as SBI General Insurance Co. Ltd. (Supra), it has
time again in the conclusion of the Apex Court that the extent of
examination of a referral Court is to see whether a valid arbitration
agreement exists. Ordinarily, that is the power to be exercised. In so far
as the question of whether the disputes urged are at all arbitrable.
Ordinarily a referral Court would not examine the issue in detailed unless
prima facie appears to the Court that these issues are dead-wood and
cannot be decided or not required to be decided by the Arbitral Tribunal
in view of the accepted position on facts and/or being expressly barred
under some statute.
15. Coming to facts of this case, when the present petitioner had
approached the writ Court by filing W.P(C) No. 1620/2020, the Writ
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petition stood dismissed vide order dated 26.06.2023 and the Court
returned a finding as under:
“6. It is seen that vide Memorandum of Understanding (MoU for short)
dated 26.10.2018, the period of engagement of the petitioner was for an
initial period of 3 (three) years with effect from 01.01.2019. Therefore, the
normal three year tenure of the MoU is found to have already expired on
31.12.2021. Therefore, as the contract is found to be determinable in
nature, the petitioner is not found to be entitled to any further specific
performance of contract after lapse and/or expiry of the contract period
covered by the said MoU. At best, the petitioner would perhaps be entitled
to approach the civil court for seeking damages and/or compensation, if so
advised.
7. The cases cited by the learned senior counsel for the petitioners would
also not help the petitioner in any way because on facts, the cited cases are
distinguishable. In the case of Doiwala Sehkari Shram Samvida Samiti Ltd.
(supra), the appellant before the Supreme Court of India was granted minor
mineral mining lease for 10 (ten) years, but due to change in policy decision,
the agreed lease period was sought to be curtailed and therefore, as the
change of policy came during the currency of the lease agreement, the
Supreme Court of India had held that the appellant therein was entitled to
relief of continuing the lease till the expiry of lease for 10 (ten) years.
Similarly, in the case of Beg Raj Singh (supra), the mining lease was for 1
(one) year in accordance with the policy decision, and when renewal was
sought for another two years, the lease was granted for only one year, when
it should have been for three years and under such circumstances, the
Supreme Court of India had held that the petitioner should be allowed to
operate the mining lease for full period of lease, subject to adjustment for
the period for which he has already operated. Therefore, the said two cases
cited on behalf of the petitioner are not authority on the point that even if
the contract period is lapsed, the High Court in exercise of writ jurisdiction
under Article 226 of the Constitution of India can direct the respondents to
continue the contract for any further period.
8. Therefore, this writ petition fails and the same is dismissed.
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9. However, before parting with the records, as the learned senior counsel
for the petitioner had referred to clause 56 of the MoU, which contains
arbitration clause, the Court is inclined to provide that the dismissal of this
writ petition shall not be a bar for the petitioner to invoke arbitration clause.
In the said regard, as the present writ petition was filed on 25.02.2022, it is
provided that in respect of the period spent before this Court from
25.02.2022 till the date of passing of this order, the petitioner would be
entitled to claim extension of time of proceeding bona fide in Court without
jurisdiction.”
16. It is clear that the only issue left to be determined in view of the
writ Court are the compensation and damages, if any, that may be
required to be paid to the petitioner as the period of contract itself had
expired on the date when the matter was examined and decided by the
Writ Court. No appeal or review has been filed against this order and
therefore this order has attained finality as on date. In the face of a
judicial finding that the petitioner is entitled to claim only for
compensation and damages, the question that would arise now is
whether such claim can be decided by an arbitrator.
17. It is clear from the Judgment examined above that arbitration, as
conceived under the Act of 1996, empowers the arbitrator appointed to
decide all disputes arising out of the contract executed between the
parties, subject to there being a valid agreement between the parties that
in case of disputes matters are to be referred to arbitration. Therefore, to
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say that an Arbitrator, if appointed, would otherwise, be incompetent to
decide the issue on the question of compensation and damages, is
contrary to the law pronounced by the Apex court and this is hold in force
as on date.
18. Now coming to the question as to whether in the face of an
agreement, the referral Court under Section 11(6) can invoke its
jurisdiction on the failure of the person approaching the referral Court for
invoking the arbitration proceedings by issuance of a notice Under section
21 of the Act. The answer to this question, perhaps ordinarily, has to be
answered is negative However, taking into consideration the law
expounded by the Apex Court regarding the right of waiver of consent by
the party for appointment of an Arbitrator or Arbitrators from the curated
panel maintained by the employer, it was held that such appointments
from the curated panel can also be made subject to such a valid consent
being granted by the contractor. Before this Court, it is clear that the
contractor is aggrieved by the termination of its Agreement/MoU dated
26.10.2018 and non-consideration of its pleas for extension of the said
contract. The communication dated 21.02.2024 although strictly not a
notice under Section 21, it does appear that the intention of the
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petitioner before this court while issuing the notice was to impliedly not
give its consent in the event of any such reference to arbitration to a sole
arbitrator that would ultimately be made by the state government. On the
other hand, it is also seen that the respondents do not dispute the
existence of a valid arbitration agreement nor is it disputed that the
position in law is for appointment of an arbitrator by the Government
from its curated panel, is possible only in the face of expressed consent
by the contractor. From the facts narrated in the pleadings before the
Court, it appears that the dispute between the parties have not been
resolved and on the other hand there is a method for taking recourse to
resolving such disputes expressly agreed upon by the parties by way of
reference to arbitration. The only hurdle that is presented before the
Court by the Respondents is non issuance of a notice under section 21
and thereby the power required to be invoked by the referral Court under
section 11(6) cannot be invoked until and unless such agreed terms are
enforced by the parties in terms of the said agreement.
19. In this context reference to the Judgment of the Apex Court
rendered in Adavya Projects (P) Ltd. Vs. Vishal Structurals (P) Ltd.,
reported in 2025 SCC Online SC 806, on the question of who can be
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impleaded as a party to the arbitral proceedings. The Apex Court held
that once a person consents to refer disputes to arbitration and enters
into an arbitration agreement under Section 7 is bound by the same. It
was held that the implication of being a party to the arbitration
agreement is that such person has contractually undertaken to resolve
any dispute referenced in the arbitration agreement through the agreed
upon method of dispute resolution, that is, Arbitration. It is under this
contractual obligation that a person can be impleaded as a party to
arbitral proceedings, even if, he was not served with a Section 21 notice
and not referred to arbitration by Court under Section 11. It was held that
not being served with Section 21 notice and not being made a party in
Section 11, application are not sufficient grounds to hold that a person
cannot be made a party to arbitral proceedings. The Apex Court went on
to hold that the purpose of Section 11, application for constitution of an
Arbitral Tribunal is for the limited scope of examination about the
existence of an arbitration agreement and the prima facie finding as to
who are the parties. Upon such examination, if there is a clear intention
of the parties to refer the dispute to arbitration, the Court under Section
11 does not conclusively determine or rule who can be made a party to
arbitral Tribunals. Therefore, the question of determination of whether
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certain persons are parties to an arbitration agreement and consequently
whether they can be made party to arbitration proceedings is left to be
decided by the arbitrial tribunal.
20. In conclusion, this Court therefore holds that there is a valid
arbitration agreement existing between the petitioner and the
respondents to refer the dispute, if any, for arbitration. Procedure
prescribed is for the petitioner to issue a notice calling upon the
respondent to appoint an Arbitrator and failing which in terms of Section
11, the application before the Court can be taken recourse. Assuming, the
petitioner had issued a notice under Section 21 in terms of the arbitration
agreement, the respondent would have referred the matter to the State
government and who in turn will appoint a sole arbitrator from its curated
panel.
21. As discussed about the long standing dispute between the petitioner
and the respondents, prima facie, appears to the Court will not evince a
voluntary consent from the petitioner for referral to arbitration before a
sole Arbitrator appointed by the Government from the curated panel. In
such a case, the matter ultimately would have been referred to a Court
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under Section 11(6) for appointment of the Arbitrator.
22. The other issue is in view of the orders of the Writ Court dated
26.06.2023 passed in W.P(C) 1620/2022, the disputes found to be
referred to arbitration by a Writ Court are in respect of compensation and
damages. It has been held by the Courts across the country and the Apex
Court that an arbitral Tribunal is empowered to pass any order as an
ordinary Civil Court would be required to pass and therefore, the
contention of the respondents that since the Writ Court has limited the
claims of the petitioner to damages and compensation which would
necessarily have to be determined by competent Court of Civil
Jurisdiction, reference to arbitration is not called for, is therefore rejected.
It is held that an arbitral Tribunal is competent under the provisions of
the Act of 1996 to decide and answer the disputes arising by and
between the parties relating to the questions of damages and
compensation as may be claimed by the petitioner in terms of the
disputes which he claims has arisen by and between the parties in terms
of the agreement dated 26.10.2018. This Court, therefore, holds that this
petition is maintainable. In the peculiar facts and circumstances of the
case for non-issuance of a notice under Section 21 cannot be considered
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to be a ground for invocation of the powers under Section 11(6) by
referral Court when there is no dispute with regard to the existence of a
valid arbitration Tribunal. Therefore, under the powers bestowed on this
court under Section 11(6) read with the Notification No. 29 dated
21.05.2024 issued by the Gauhati High Court , this Court considers it
appropriate to appoint Mr. Justice Achintya Malla Bujor Barua, Former
Judge, Gauhati High Court as a sole arbitrator to decide on the disputes
and differences arising by and between the parties in respect of the
agreement/MoU dated 26.10.2018. This appointment is prospective,
however, subject to receipt of a written declaration as is required under
section 12(1) of the act of 1996.
23. Copy of this order be communicated by the Registry of the Court to
Mr. Justice Achintya Malla Bujor Barua, Former Judge, Gauhati High Court
prospective arbitrator appointed. The parties are also permitted to furnish
certified copies of this order.
24. If the prospective appointment is confirmed upon receipt of such
written declaration as directed, then the arbitral Tribunal will proceed to
decide the arbitrability of the disputes between the parties and also the
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question regarding the jurisdiction before addressing its attention to the
various claims and counter-claims of the parties.
25. List this matter again on 13.05.2026
JUDGE
Comparing Assistant
