Sri. V. Ramaiah @ Amruth Mahal Ramaiah vs The Chief Secretary on 27 March, 2026

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    ADVERTISEMENT

    Karnataka High Court

    Sri. V. Ramaiah @ Amruth Mahal Ramaiah vs The Chief Secretary on 27 March, 2026

    Author: M.Nagaprasanna

    Bench: M.Nagaprasanna

                               1
    
    
    
           IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
    
               DATED THIS THE 27TH DAY OF MARCH, 2026
    
                              BEFORE
    
             THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M. NAGAPRASANNA
    
              WRIT PETITION No.6229 OF 2011 (LA - BDA)
    
    BETWEEN:
    
           SRI V. RAMAIAH @ AMRUTHMAHAL RAMAIAH
           SINCE DEAD BY HIS LR'S.
    
    1(a)   SMT.JAYAMMA
           W/O LATE RAMAIAH @ AMRUTHMAHAL RAMAIAH
           AGED ABOUT 70 YEARS.
    
    1(b)   SRI RAJANNA
           S/O LATE RAMAIAH @ AMRUTHMAHAL RAMAIAH
           AGED ABOUT 40 YEARS
    
           BOTH ARE RESIDING AT
           SY.NO.19, DODDAKALLASANDRA
           UTTARAHALLI HOBLI
           BENGALURU SOUTH TALUK.
    
           AMENDMENT CARRIEDOUT VIDE ORDER
           DATED 20.06.2022.
    
    
                                                 ... PETITIONERS
    (BY SRI M.SHIVAPRAKASH, ADVOCATE)
                                 2
    
    
    
    AND:
    
    1.   THE CHIEF SECRETARY
         STATE OF KARNATAKA
         VIDHANA SOUDHA
         BENGALURU - 560 001.
    
    2.   THE COMMISSIONER
         BANGALORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
         KUMARA PARK WEST
         BENGALURU - 560 020.
    
    3.   THE SPECIAL DEPUTY COMMISSIONER
         BANGALORE DISTRICT
         BENGALURU - 560 009.
    
    4.   THE SPECIAL LAND ACQUISITION OFFICER
         BANGALORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
         KUMARA PARK WEST,
         BENGALURU - 560 020.
    
    5.   THE TAHASILDAR
         BANGALORE SOUTH TALUK
         BENGALURU - 560 009.
                                                ... RESPONDENTS
    
    (BY SRI SESHU V., HCGP FOR R-1, R-3 AND R-5;
        SRI MURUGESH V.CHARATI, ADVOCATE FOR R-2 AND R-4)
    
         THIS WRIT PETITION IS FILED UNDER ARTICLES 226 AND
    227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PRAYING TO CALL FOR THE
    RECORDS ON THE FILE OF RESPONDENT AUTHORITIES IN THE
    MATTER OF ACQUISITION PERTAINING TO SY.NO.19 OF
    DODDAKALLASANDRA VILLAGE, UTTARAHALLI HOBLI, BANGALORE
    SOUTH TALUK; TO ISSUE WRIT OF CERTIORARI & QUASH THE
    IMPUGNED    NOTIFICATIONS     AT   ANNEXURE-L    BEARING
    NO.BDA/SLAO/A4PR/257/88-89     DATED   17.11.1988    AND
    ANNEXURE M BEARING NO.HUD/553/MNX/90 DATED 22.07.1991
                                         3
    
    
    
    AND CONSEQUENTLY TO DECLARE THE ENTIRE NOTIFICATON AT
    ANNEXURE-L & M AS NULL & VOID WITH RESPECT TO PETITIONER
    SCHEDULE LAND FOR NOT COMPLYING THE PROCEDURE & ALSO
    LAPSE IN THE SCHEME OF 1988 AND ETC.,
    
    
         THIS WRIT PETITION HAVING BEEN HEARD AND RESERVED
    FOR ORDERS, COMING ON FOR PRONOUNCEMENT THIS DAY, THE
    COURT MADE THE FOLLOWING:-
    
    
    CORAM:        THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE M.NAGAPRASANNA
    
                                 CAV ORDER
    
    
          The petitioners are before this Court calling in question
    
    acquisition pertaining to Survey No.19 of Doddakallasandra Village,
    
    Uttarahalli    Hobli,   Bangalore       South   Taluk;   the   preliminary
    
    notification issued on 17-11-1988; the final notification issued
    
    22-07-1991 and consequently seeking a direction by issuance of a
    
    writ in the nature of mandamus to the respondents - authorities not
    
    to disturb their possession in the subject property.
    
    
    
          2. Heard Sri M. Shivaprakash, learned counsel appearing for
    
    the petitioners, Sri Seshu V., learned High Court Government
    
    Pleader appearing for respondent Nos.1, 3 and 5 and Sri Murugesh
    
    V. Charati, learned counsel appearing for respondent Nos.2 to 4.
                                          4
    
    
    
          3. Facts in brief, germane, are as follows:
    
    
          3.1. The petitioners are the legal representatives of the
    
    deceased petitioner, who claimed to be the landless agriculturist
    
    and permanent resident of Doddakallasandra, Uttarahalli Hobli,
    
    Bangalore South Taluk for generations. In this order, reference to
    
    'petitioner' would be reference to the 'deceased petitioner'. It is the
    
    averment in the petition that the petitioner, to eke out his
    
    livelihood,   cultivated   certain       land   by   taking   possession   of
    
    Government kharab land in Survey No.19 in the year 1960 and has
    
    developed the land by setting up a small garden and dwelling house
    
    in the said survey number as described. The land bearing Survey
    
    No.19 in total measures 4 acres 10 guntas, out of which, 2 acres
    
    and 10 guntas was in occupation at the hands of the petitioner and
    
    the remaining was in the possession of one Smt.Kempamma. The
    
    revenue records and other contemporaneous documents show that
    
    the petitioner was in possession and occupation of the said land.          It
    
    is the averment in the petition that the then State of Mysore
    
    notified a scheme known as 'Thakararu Takte', wherein the revenue
    
    authorities would collect tax for utilisation of Government land. The
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    petitioner then submitted an application seeking cultivation of
    
    Government land under Bagair Hukum scheme.              On the said
    
    application, the revenue authorities have issued several notices to
    
    the petitioner since 1972 up to 1991.
    
    
          3.2. When things stood thus, a preliminary notification comes
    
    to be issued by the Bangalore Development Authority (for short
    
    'BDA'), for the purpose of acquisition of several parcels of land for
    
    formation of Jayaprakash Nagar (for short, 'J.P. Nagar') 9 th stage on
    
    17-11-1988. On receipt of objections and consideration thereof, a
    
    final notification was issued on 22-07-1991. Long thereafter, the
    
    land in Doddakallasandra village is agreed to be transferred to
    
    Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (for short 'BBMP') to an extent
    
    of 2 acres in Survey No.19. Twenty years after the final notification
    
    so issued on 22-07-1991, an award notice is issued by the Land
    
    Acquisition Officer in respect of acquisition of land in Survey No.19
    
    to an extent of 2 acres 10 guntas on 28-01-2011, as 2 acres of the
    
    land was transferred in favour of BBMP.     The award notices were
    
    issued to all the land owners under Section 12(2) of the Land
    
    Acquisition Act, 1894 and the award amount is determined.         The
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    Tahsildar, Bangalore is said to have received a cheque determining
    
    the award amount at Rs.3,99,458/- by the Special Land Acquisition
    
    Officer and the possession of the said land for the purpose of
    
    formation of sites in J.P.Nagar 9th stage is taken. The layout plan
    
    also springs for formation of the sites in J.P.Nagar, 9 th stage. The
    
    State Government acknowledges the award amount by submitting
    
    an affidavit before this Court. The subject petition springs calling in
    
    question the aforesaid process of acquisition, only after the award
    
    notice comes to be issued on 22-01-2011.
    
    
    
          4. A coordinate bench of this Court granted an interim order
    
    in the case at hand and the said order is subsisting even as on
    
    today.
    
    
          5. Sri M. Shivaprakash, learned counsel appearing for the
    
    petitioners would vehemently contend that the acquisition by the
    
    BDA for the purpose of formation of the layout is to an extent of
    
    241 acres and 20 guntas. This Court had directed an affidavit to be
    
    filed along with the sketch as to the extent of acquisition and
    
    utilisation of land for the purpose of formation of the layout.
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    Affidavit is filed before this Court on 09-09-2024, indicating that
    
    formation of layout is only to an extent of 10 acres and 26 guntas,
    
    which is 4.40% of implementation of the scheme. With regard to
    
    remainder of the land, which is acquired and not utilised, the
    
    scheme has lapsed and therefore, the land of these petitioners
    
    must be dropped from acquisition.           The petitioners are in the
    
    possession of the property even as on today. He relies upon several
    
    judgments concerning this very scheme 'J.P.Nagar, 9 th stage'. The
    
    judgments so relied on would bear consideration in the course of
    
    the order qua their relevance.
    
    
          6.   Sri   Murugesh   V.   Charati,   learned   counsel   for   the
    
    respondents - BDA would contend that the challenge made in the
    
    petition is hit by gross delay, as the preliminary notification and the
    
    final notification are of the years 1988 and 1991 respectively, which
    
    are sought to be challenged in the year 2011. Therefore, the
    
    petition must be dismissed on delay and laches. He would further
    
    contend that the lands acquired by issuance of final notification
    
    vests with the BDA and never can be divested by the BDA on the
    
    score that there is delay in passing the award.        Even if it is 20
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    years, the rights of the BDA would not take away the effect of
    
    acquisition, as reasonable period principle is not applicable to the
    
    BDA.     He would submit that even if the Scheme lapses, the
    
    acquisition will not lapse. In the light of the acquisition not lapsing,
    
    the lands would not be given back to the hands of the land owners.
    
    In all, the learned counsel seeks dismissal of the petition. He also
    
    places reliance upon plethora of judgments on every point he has
    
    canvassed, all of which would bear consideration in the course of
    
    the order.
    
    
    
           7. I have given my anxious consideration to the submissions
    
    made by the respective learned counsel and have perused the
    
    material on record.
    
    
    
           8. The afore-narrated facts are not in dispute. A preliminary
    
    notification comes to be issued on 17-11-1988 for formation of JP
    
    Nagar 9th Stage, in which the subject land in Sy.No.19 measuring 4
    
    acres and 10 guntas did find place in the preliminary notification.
    
    Between 11-04-1989 and 15-03-1999 the BDA conducts enquiry by
    
    affording an opportunity to all the stake holders or affected persons
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    by publication of a notification in the newspapers. On 22-07-1991,
    
    a final notification comes to be issued, in which the subject land in
    
    Sy.No.19 measuring 4 acres and 10 guntas was shown. The
    
    petitioner was said to be in unauthorised occupation of certain piece
    
    of land in the year 1991. He filed an application for regularization
    
    before the revenue authorities. No order was passed thereon.
    
    Therefore, he approaches this Court in Writ Petition No.2168 of
    
    2006 seeking a direction by issuance of a writ in the nature of
    
    mandamus for regularization of his unauthorised occupation of the
    
    land. On 07-03-2007, a learned single Judge of this Court disposed
    
    of the petition with a direction to the concerned authorities to
    
    consider   the   representation       and   pass   necessary   orders   in
    
    accordance with law. While so doing, it was directed that the report
    
    of inspection and mahazar if any conducted earlier, must be taken
    
    note of.
    
    
    
          9. On 15-02-2008, the BDA is said to have agreed for transfer
    
    of 2 acres of land in Sy.No.19 from the hands of the BDA to the
    
    BBMP in favour of slum dwellers of Puttenahalli Tank Bed area. On
    
    19-02-2008 the revenue authorities issued a notice on the
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    application of the petitioner for regularisation under Bagair Hukum
    
    Scheme and directed to wait for passing of final order. There was a
    
    conflict. Upon consideration and mandamus being issued by the
    
    learned single Judge, a notification comes to be issued that 2 acres
    
    of land would be transferred to the slum dwellers of Puttenahalli
    
    tank bed area. When things stood thus, an award comes to be
    
    passed on 22-01-2011 only insofar as 2 acres and 10 guntas of
    
    land and the remaining 2 acres was to be handed over to the BBMP
    
    as aforesaid. Possession is taken on 29-01-2011 by the BDA. After
    
    the possession being taken, the petitioner prefers the subject
    
    petition seeking quashment of preliminary and final notifications.
    
    
    
          10. Insofar as regularization of 2 acres which was remaining
    
    to be considered, Smt. Kempamma approaches this Court in Writ
    
    Petition No.8055 of 2010. The Court noticing that saguvali chit for
    
    2 acres had been issued on 31-10-1978 and the fact that no notice
    
    was issued for acquisition, quashed preliminary/final notification
    
    insofar as it concerns 2 acres of land. The coordinate Bench also
    
    notices that as on the date of filing of the writ petition possession
    
    was not taken by the BDA.
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          11. Insofar as the petitioner is concerned, he approaches this
    
    Court in Writ Petition No.36313 of 2017 for issuance of saguvali chit
    
    for the subject land and consideration of his     representation for
    
    regularisation. The said writ petition comes to be disposed of on
    
    11-03-2020 with a direction to the jurisdictional Tahsildar to
    
    consider and pass orders on the representation submitted by the
    
    petitioner. In the case at hand, a coordinate Bench directed the
    
    BDA to produce a sketch and file an affidavit indicating acquisition
    
    of lands in Doddakallasandra Village. On 09-09-2024, the BDA files
    
    its affidavit before this Court in the subject petition along with a
    
    tabular column of the lands notified for acquisition, sketch prepared
    
    and the lands that are subject matter of acquisition where
    
    acquisition is complete. The matter was heard at that stage.
    
    
    
          12. It is an admitted fact that the petitioner even today is in
    
    possession, cultivation and enjoyment of the land and necessary
    
    statutory entries show the petitioner as occupant in cultivation of
    
    the land. Insofar as lapsing of the Scheme is concerned, which is
    
    projected as the prime ground for seeking quashment of the
    
    acquisition, the issue stands answered by a Division Bench
                                        12
    
    
    
    judgment rendered on 21-01-2020 in respect of the same Scheme.
    
    The Division Bench in Writ Appeal No.311 of 2013 and connected
    
    cases holds as follows:
    
                                     "....    ....     ....
    
                14. In terms of the aforementioned facts, the following
          points that would arise for our consideration in these appeals
          are:
                      1. Whether the possession of the lands were
                taken by BDA ?
                      2. Whether the Jayaprakashnarayan Nagar
                  th
                9 Stage Scheme was substantially implemented ?
    
                  15. Re. Point No.1:
                  Learned Counsel for the 1st respondent-BDA submits that
          certain inadvertent discrepancies regarding the dates mentioned
          in the notification issued under Section 16(2) cannot take away
          the legal effect of taking possession of the lands, which is
          evident from the mahazar. It is his contention that even in the
          absence of a Section 16(2) notification, the factum of taking
          possession cannot be negated since the BDA has placed
          sufficient material on record to show that the possession of the
          lands in question were, in fact, in the possession of BDA. The
          absence of names and addresses of the witnesses in the
          mahazar cannot invalidate the mahazar.         It is his further
          vehement contention that in the facts and circumstances of the
          case, the BDA has substantially implemented the Scheme.
    
                 To buttress his submission, the learned Counsel would
          seek to place reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme
          Court in case of BANDA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,
          BANDA, VS. MOTI LAL AGARWAL AND OTHERS reported in
          (2011) 5 SCC 394, particularly to paragraphs 19 and 38,
          which read as follows:
    
                        "19. In matters involving challenge to the
                acquisition of land for public purpose, this Court has
                consistently held that delay in filing the writ petition
                should be viewed seriously and relief denied to the
                                    13
    
    
    
          petitioner if he fails to offer plausible explanation for the
          delay. The Court has also held that the delay of even
          few years would be fatal to the cause of the petitioner, if
          the acquired land has been partly or wholly utilised for
          the public purpose.
    
                 38. In the light of the above discussion, we hold
          that the action of the State authorities concerned to go
          to the spot and prepare panchnama showing delivery of
          possession was sufficient for recording a finding that
          actual possession of the entire acquired land had been
          taken and handed over to BDA. The utilisation of the
          major portion of the acquired land for the public purpose
          for which it was acquired is clearly indicative of the fact
          that actual possession of the acquired land had been
          taken by BDA. Once it is held that possession of the
          acquired land was handed over to BDA on 30-6-2001,
          the view taken by the High Court that the acquisition
          proceedings had lapsed due to non-compliance with
          Section 11-A cannot be sustained. "
    
    
           16. The learned Counsel would further seek to place
    reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in case
    of PRAHLAD SINGH AND OTHERS VS. UNION OF INDIA
    AND OTHERS reported in (2011)5 SCC 386 which followed
    Banda Development Authority's case to contend that once
    possession is taken, the land would vest with the BDA.
    
          17.   The learned Counsel would further rely on the
    judgment of the learned Division Bench of this Court in the case
    of THE MYSORE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND
    ANOTHER       VS.     CHIKKABORAIAH           AND      OTHERS
    REPRESENTED BY L.RS. reported in ILR 2011 KAR 1874, at
    paragraph No.9, which reads thus:
    
                  " 9. The material on record would clearly show
          that final Notification was passed on 25.6.1988. Section
          27 of the Act reads as follows:
    
                         "27. Authority to execute the scheme
                 within five years: where within a period of five
                 years from the date of publication in the Official
                 Gazette of the declaration under sub-Section (1) of
                 Section 19, the Authority fails to execute the
                 scheme substantially, the scheme shall lapse and
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                 the provisions   of   Section   36   shall   become
                 inoperative."
    
                 It is clear on perusal of the above said provisions
          of Section 27 of the Act that entire scheme will lapse if
          there is no substantial compliance in executing the
          scheme and the order passed by the Learned Single
          Judge to the effect that scheme has lapsed only insofar
          as it relates to the land of the petitioner is clearly
          contrary to the provisions of Section 27 of the Act. It is
          well settled that in view of the decision of this Court in
          K. Sathyanarayana, Since Dead by his LRs. v. State of
          Karnataka [ W.A. Nos. 2106/2007 C/w 1944/2007
          decided on 28.1.2008.] , merely because there is
          dispute about taking possession and implementing the
          scheme insofar as the land of the Writ Petitioner is
          concerned, scheme will not lapse as the scheme would
          lapse when there is no substantial implementation of the
          scheme. Having regard to the particulars filed along with
          the affidavit of the Commissioner of the Appellant --
          Authority and having regard to the allotment register
          which is produced, we are satisfied that there is
          substantial compliance with the scheme as the layout
          has been formed, allotment of civic amenity sites have
          been made and sites of various dimensions have been
          formed in an area of 240 acres out of 260 acres.
          Therefore, the order passed by the Learned Single Judge
          cannot be sustained and liable to be set aside.
          Accordingly, we pass the following:
    
                                        ORDER
    

    The Writ Appeal is allowed. The order passed by
    the Learned Single Judge in W.P. No. 31712/2002 dated
    23.7.2003 is set aside and W.P. No. 31712/2002 is
    dismissed.”

    18. In terms of the aforementioned judgments, it is
    urged by the learned Counsel for the BDA that once possession
    having been taken and the Scheme implemented, the learned
    Single Judge could not have reversed the same on the ground
    that the Scheme insofar as it pertains to the lands of the
    petitioners have lapsed.

    SPONSORED

    19. In this context, it is necessary to notice the
    notification dated 1.6.1998 depicting that BDA has taken
    15

    possession of the lands mentioning the survey numbers to the
    extent indicated therein and the respective dates of possession
    in months and years. Though the notification was issued on
    1.6.1998, for certain lands, the BDA has taken possession after
    the said date is an impossible act that can be done. There
    cannot be taking possession on subsequent months and years
    notified under the notification of having taken possession in
    terms of section 16(2) of the LA Act.

    20. It would be useful to extract this impossible act of
    BDA in several cases stated in the notification dated 1.6.1998,
    which reads as follows:

    Sl.   LAC No.      Sy.No.   Extent                Date of
    No.                                               taking
                                                      possession
    2.    44/97-98     28/6     1 acre of 13 guntas   29.7.1998
    3.    45/97-98     28/7     13 guntas             29.7.1998
    14.   494/91-92    91       04 acres              29.7.1998
    15.   495/91-92    92       04 acres              05.1.1999
    17.   382/91-92    28       22 guntas             30.7.1998
    25.   22/97-98     10/3     02 acres 20 guntas    18.6.1998
    26.   23/97-98     11/1     24 guntas             18.6.1998
    27.   36/97-98     84/1     1 acre 30 guntas      18.6.1998
    28.   37/97-98     84/3     02 acres              18.6.1998
    29.   321/91-92    91       5 acres               29.7.1998
    
    
    

    Thus, it can be seen from the notification dated 1.6.1998,
    possession of the land was taken in July 1998 and also in
    January 1999. This itself is enough to conclude that the
    possession was not taken on 1.6.1998.

    21. The next evidence of taking possession according to
    the BDA is the mahazar, which was drawn on 30.5.1998
    (Annexure-R2) and Section 16(2) notification (Annexure-R3)
    which shows that possession was taken on 10.5.1998. As we
    have indicated hereinabove, because of these impossible acts
    and self destructive contradictions that are made in the
    annexures, no credence can be attached to such
    notification issued under Section 16(2) of the LA Act.

    16

    22. Perusal of the copy of the mahazar (Annexure-R2)
    would indicate that it is a cyclostyled form, some columns are
    filled in and some are just left blank. It does not contain the
    names and particulars of the persons whose signatures are
    taken at the time of taking possession. The purpose of drawing
    the mahazar and the affixture of signatures thereon by the
    independent witnesses who are present on the spot, is only
    to establish that the possession was taken. When the
    witnesses’ names and addresses were not furnished and merely
    their signatures were found on the mahazar, this Court is unable
    to accept that the respondents have done anything equivalent to
    taking effective possession.

    23. The judgments relied on by the learned Counsel for
    the BDA are distinguishable on facts. With reference to the
    factum of taking possession of the land that is acquired, the
    Apex Court in case of BANDA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,
    BANDA, VS. MOTI LAL AGARWAL AND OTHERS
    reported in
    (2011) 5 SCC 394, at paragraph No.37, has held as follows:

    ” 37. The principles which can be culled out from
    the above noted judgments are:

    (i) No hard-and-fast rule can be laid down as to
    what act would constitute taking of possession of the
    acquired land.

    (ii) If the acquired land is vacant, the act of the
    State authority concerned to go to the spot and prepare
    a panchnama will ordinarily be treated as sufficient to
    constitute taking of possession.

    (iii) If crop is standing on the acquired land or
    building/structure exists, mere going on the spot by the
    authority concerned will, by itself, be not sufficient for
    taking possession. Ordinarily, in such cases, the
    authority concerned will have to give notice to the
    occupier of the building/structure or the person who has
    cultivated the land and take possession in the presence
    of independent witnesses and get their signatures on the
    panchnama. Of course, refusal of the owner of the land
    or building/structure may not lead to an inference that
    the possession of the acquired land has not been taken.

    17

    (iv) If the acquisition is of a large tract of land, it
    may not be possible for the acquiring/designated
    authority to take physical possession of each and every
    parcel of the land and it will be sufficient that symbolic
    possession is taken by preparing appropriate document
    in the presence of independent witnesses and getting
    their signatures on such document.

    (v) If beneficiary of the acquisition is an
    agency/instrumentality of the State and 80% of the total
    compensation is deposited in terms of Section 17(3-A)
    and substantial portion of the acquired land has been
    utilised in furtherance of the particular public purpose,
    then the court may reasonably presume that possession
    of the acquired land has been taken.”

    This was again followed in the case of PRAHLAD SINGH AND
    OTHERS VS. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS
    reported in
    (2011)5 SCC 386. The Apex Court in the said judgment, at
    paragraph 19, has held as follows:

    “19. The same issue was recently considered in
    Banda Development Authority vs. Moti Lal Agarwal
    decided on 26.04.2011.
    After making reference to the
    judgments in Balwant Narayan Bhagde vs.
    M.D.Bhagwat
    , Balmok and Khatri Educational and
    Industrial Trust vs. State of Punjab
    , P.K.Kalburqi
    vs. State of Karnataka
    , NTPC Ltd., vs. Mahesh
    Dutta
    , Sita Ram Bhandar Society vs. Government
    of NCET of Delhi, Omprakash Verma vs. State of
    A.P.
    and Naharsingh vs. State of U.P. this Court laid
    down the following principles: (Banda Development
    Authority
    case, SCC Page 411, para 37)

    i) No hard-and-fast rule can be laid down as
    to what act would constitute taking of possession of
    the acquired land.

    ii) If the acquired land is vacant, the act of
    the State authority concerned to go to the spot and
    prepare a panchnama will ordinarily be treated as
    sufficient to constitute taking of possession.

    iii) If crop is standing on the acquired
    land or building/structure exists, mere going on the
    spot by the authority concerned will, by itself, be
    not sufficient for taking possession. Ordinarily, in such
    18

    cases, the authority concerned will have to give
    notice to the occupier of the building/structure or
    the person who has cultivated the land and take
    possession in the presence of independent witnesses
    and get their signatures on the panchnama. Of course,
    refusal of the owner of the land or
    building/structure may not lead to an inference that
    the possession of the acquired land has not been taken.”

    In terms of the afore-extracted judgments, it is evident that the
    BDA has not taken possession of the lands belonging to the
    petitioners.

    24. It is also useful to refer to the statement of
    objections filed by BDA before the learned Single Judge in
    the writ petitions. There is no whisper in the entire
    statement of objections as to how the possession was
    taken and from whom the possession was taken of the
    lands in question. Thus, neither the mahazar nor the
    statement of objections would indicate that the owners of
    the lands in question were ever called upon to hand over
    possession or to be present when the mahazar was
    drawn. The reliance placed by the BDA on the judgment
    in case of Banda Development Authority (Supra) would
    not come to its aid, as in the said case, the said
    Authority, after taking the possession of the acquired
    lands, formed the roads, constructed nalas, laid down
    pipelines, erected electrical poles with lights fixed,
    carved out plots and allotted them to the people
    belonging to different categories. It is on those facts,
    the Apex Court held that the possession was complete
    and the Scheme have been completed.

    25. Even in the statement of objections, it is not
    the case of the respondents that the land in question
    was developed by BDA in any way after 30.05.1998 on
    which date they claim to have taken the possession of the
    lands belonging to the petitioners.

    26. Thus, in terms of the table which we have
    hereinbefore extracted, which contains information
    regarding the notification dated 1.6.1998, it is impossible
    19

    to accept that the BDA had taken possession of the
    property.

    Thus, we answer point No.1 in favour of the writ
    petitioners.

    27. Re. Point No.2:

    In order to examine as to whether the
    Jayaprakashnarayan Nagar 9th Stage Layout Scheme was
    substantially implemented, it is necessary to refer to the
    relevant statutory provisions of Section 27 of the Act,
    which reads thus:

                "Section 27:     Authority to      execute the
           Scheme within five years
    
    

    – Where within a period of five years from
    the date of the publication in the Official Gazette
    of the declaration under sub-section (1) of
    Section 19, the authority fails to execute the
    Scheme substantially, the Scheme shall lapse and
    the provisions of Section 36 shall become
    inoperative.”

    Thus, it is clear that the improvement Scheme has to
    be implemented within five years. If there is no
    substantial execution of the Scheme within the said
    period, the Scheme shall lapse and the provisions of
    Section 36 shall become operative.

    28. The land utilization certificate is produced before us,
    pertaining to Jayaprakashnarayan Nagar 9th Stage Layout, which
    reads as follows:

    Extent of Land Notified                 :   1118 Acres 9.8
                                                Guntas
    Extent of land Handed over to           :   262 Acres 14 Guntas
    Engineering Section
    

    Extent of Land utilized for Formation : 179 Acres 31 Guntas
    of Layout
    Total No. of Sites Formed : 3078
    Note :- Details are as per information available in this Office.

    20

    In terms of the afore-extracted chart, out of the 1118
    acres and 9.8 guntas of land, only 262 acres and 14
    guntas have been handed over to engineering section.
    Out of which, only 179 acres and 31 guntas were utilised
    for formation of layout and total number of sites is 3078.
    In the case of Doddakallasandra village, the situation is
    still worse. Out of total 241 acres and 20 guntas, only 12
    acres were utilized. Thus, by no stretch of imagination, it
    can be held that the Scheme namely,
    “Jayaprakashnarayan Nagar 9th Stage Layout” is
    substantially implemented. It is not even implemented to
    the tune of 50 percent even after the lapse of 29 years of
    issuance of final notification.

    29. Insofar as the judgment relied on by the BDA
    in the case of Mysore Urban Development Authority
    (Supra) also would not come to his aid as in the said
    case, 240 acres out of 260 acres acquisition of lands had
    been developed by the Mysore Urban Development
    Authority. It is in those circumstances, the learned
    Division Bench was of the view that there was substantial
    compliance. In view of our finding that there is not even
    50 percent of compliance in the present case, the
    judgment of the learned Division Bench would not be
    applicable.

    Hence, we answer point No.2 in favour of writ
    petitioners.

    30. The learned Single Judge has considered the
    case in its entirety and on thorough examination of the
    facts, has held that the Scheme had lapsed insofar as it
    pertains to the lands of the petitioners. Consequently,
    the acquisition proceedings insofar as the lands of the
    petitioners are concerned had also lapsed. In our view,
    the order of the learned Single Judge does not warrant
    any interference.

    31. For the aforementioned reasons, the appeals being
    devoid of merit are dismissed.

    21

    There shall be no order as to costs.”

    The Division Bench considered the challenge to the order of the

    learned single Judge who had quashed the very preliminary and

    final notifications on the score that the Scheme had lapsed in the

    light of the BDA not taking possession of the land for close to 29

    years.

    13. Further, it becomes germane to notice the observations of

    the Apex Court in KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION v.

    BIMAL KUMAR SHAH1, wherein it is held as follows:

    “…. …. ….

    33.6.The Right to an efficient and expeditious
    process

    33.6.1. The acquisition process is traumatic for
    more than one reason. The administrative delays in
    identifying the land, conducting the enquiry and
    evaluating the objections, leading to a final declaration,
    consume time and energy. Further, passing of the award,
    payment of compensation and taking over the possession
    are equally time-consuming. It is necessary for the
    administration to be efficient in concluding the process
    and within a reasonable time. This obligation must
    necessarily form part of Article 300-A.

    33.6.2. Sections 5-A(1), 6, 11-A and 34 of the Land
    Acquisition Act, 1894, Sections 6(1-A) and 9 of the

    1
    2024 SCC OnLine SC 968
    22

    Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952,
    Sections 4(2), 7(4), 7(5), 11(5), 14, 15(1), 16(1), 19(2), 25,
    38(1), 60(4), 64 and 80 of the Right to Fair Compensation and
    Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
    Resettlement Act, 2013 and Sections 3-C(1), 3-D(3) and 3-E(1)
    of the National Highways Act, 1956, prescribe for statutory
    frameworks for the completion of individual steps in the process
    of acquisition of land within stipulated timelines.

    33.6.3. On multiple occasions, upon failure to adhere to
    the timelines specified in law, the courts have set aside the
    acquisition proceedings.”

    The Apex Court holds that the acquisition process is traumatic for

    more than one reason. Administrative delays eat away the right of

    parties. Therefore, the delay in challenge would not come in the

    way of consideration by the Courts.

    14. Diving back to the facts of the case, this very acquisition

    process insofar as 2 acres in Sy.No.19 is concerned has been

    quashed by the co-ordinate Bench solely on the score that no notice

    was given to the petitioner therein viz., Smt. Kempamma despite

    the land being granted to her in terms of saguvali chit and there

    had been huge delay in taking possession. The order of the learned

    single Judge reads as follows:

    “2. The records reveal that the petitioner was granted 2
    acres of land in Sy.No.19 under the provisions of Rule 27 of
    23

    Land Grant Rules, 1969 (for short hereinafter referred to as the
    ‘Rules’) as per the order at Annexure-A, dated 31.10.1978. The
    upset price of `700/- per acre was to be paid by the grantees.
    However, the petitioner being the lady, 75% of the upset price,
    subject to the maximum of `500/- was waived under Rule 12(4)
    of the Rules and the balance amount was ordered to be
    recovered in three equal instalments. Accordingly, the upset
    price at the concessional right was said to have been paid.
    Pursuant to the said order at Annexure-A, the possession
    certificate (certificate of grant of Saguvali chit), was given to the
    petitioner as per Annexure-B, on 2.6.1979. Thus, it is clear that
    the petitioner became grantee of land on 31.10.1978 and was
    continued in possession of the property by grant of certificate at
    Annexure-B, dated 2.6.1979. The name of the petitioner came
    to be entered in the revenue records from the year 1978-79
    itself. The mutation was certified as per Annexure-D. Thereafter,
    i.e., from the year 1981 onwards, the name of the petitioner
    came to be entered in the revenue records as is clear from
    Annexures-E to H. It is relevant to note here itself that the
    name of the petitioner entered in ownership column as well as
    possessor’s column till the year 1989. However, her name was
    discontinued from the year 1989 onwards in possessors column
    though the same continued in the ownership column till 2010.

    When the facts stood thus, the notifications came to be
    issued under Section 17(1) and (3) of the BDA Act, 1976 (for
    short hereinafter referred to as the ‘Act’), proposing to acquire
    number of properties, including the property of the petitioner.
    The petitioner’s property bearing Sy.No.19 is found at Sl.No.514
    of the preliminary notification, but the said entry does not reveal
    the name of the petitioner as the owner of the property, but it
    reveals as Kharab Katte, meaning thereby the property is owned
    by the State Government and is a waste land. Subsequently, the
    final acquisition notification came to be issued as per Annexure-
    K under Section 19(1) of the BDA Act. The petitioner’s property
    bearing Sy.No.19 finds place at Sl.No.411 in the final
    notification. Once again, the said property is shown to be owned
    by Kharab Katte (State Government’s waste land). However, the
    possession continued with the petitioner till the filing of the writ
    petition. After coming to know that her property is also sought
    to be acquired without notice to her, she has approached this
    Court with the delay of 20 years by filing this writ petition.

    24

    3. The writ petition is opposed by the learned advocate
    appearing on behalf of BDA. He submits that wide publicity is
    given in the local newspapers i.e., in ‘Kannada Prabha’ and
    ‘Deccan Herald’ during the relevant period and the notifications
    were published; that therefore the petitioner ought to have filed
    statement of objections suo moto without waiting for service of
    notice to be served on her. Relevant portion of the statement of
    objections is as under:-

    “But so far in respect of the land bearing
    Sy.No.19 of Doddakallasandra Village measuring 4 acres
    10 guntas, Government was the owner as per the RTCs
    pertaining to the years 1986-87 7 and 1988. The said
    land was described as Kharab Katte and stands in the
    name of the Government. As such, there was no need
    for this authority to issue any notice to the petitioner
    herein.”

    Thus, it is contended by the BDA that there was no
    question of issuing notice to the petitioner as the property is a
    Government property.

    Learned Government Advocate also opposes the writ
    petition.

    4. In the normal course, this Court would not have
    entertained the writ petition as the writ petition is filed after
    long lapse of 20 years. The writ petition would have been
    dismissed on the ground of delay and laches. But in the matter
    on hand, the delay is properly explained. The facts and
    circumstances clearly go to show that there is no delay on the
    part of the petitioner in approaching this Court.

    5. It is not in dispute that the petitioner was
    granted 2 acres in Sy.No.19 of Doddakallasandra Village,
    Uttarahalli Hobli, Bangalore South Taluk as she was a
    landless and unauthorised occupant of the very land. The
    property initially was a Government property and the
    petitioner was in unauthorised occupation of 2 acres of
    land which is granted to her as per Annexure-A, dated
    31.10.1978 under the provisions of the Rules. By passing
    the said order, the State Government has recognized the
    petitioner’s possession over the property and it has also
    25

    recognized that she is a landless person. Possession
    certificate is also granted to her as per Annexure-B on
    2.6.1979, by which the petitioner’s possession was
    continued as the regular occupant of the land though it
    was unauthorised earlier. Thereafter, the entries were
    mutated in the revenue records in respect of the property
    in question. The entries continued till the year 2010. As
    aforementioned, the petitioner’s name continued in
    possessor’s column till 1989. Without any reason her
    name was discontinued from the year 1989 onwards in
    possessor’s column. But the name of the petitioner is
    continued in the ownership column even till 2010 i.e., till
    filing of the writ petition. Which means that the petitioner
    is undisputedly the owner of the property as on the date
    of issuance of acquisition notifications.

    6. Though the petitioner was the owner of the
    property in question, though her name was entered in the
    revenue records as is clear from Annexures-E to H as the
    owner of the property, strangely the BDA has proceeded
    to show the name of the owner of the property in
    acquisition notification as the State Government by
    describing the land as the Government waste land. Final
    notification came to be issued on the same lines.
    Thereafter, award was not passed in respect of the
    property in question, inasmuch as the BDA has treated
    the property as a Government land. Therefore, there was
    no occasion of passing the award also. It is also relevant
    to note that the possession of the property is not taken
    till filing of the writ petition.

    7. It is brought to the notice of the Court by the
    learned counsel appearing for BDA that the possession of
    the property is taken on 29.1.2011, i.e., after filing of the
    writ petition. All these facts would clearly go to show that
    the petitioner continued to be owner in possession of the
    property. The BDA ignored the ownership of the
    petitioner while issuing the acquisition notifications.
    Possession continued with the petitioner till filing of the
    writ petition. In view of the same, it is but natural that
    the petitioner did not have notice of the acquisition
    proceedings. Thus, virtually, there is no delay on the part
    of the petitioner. Even the justice and equity are in favour
    26

    of the petitioner. She cannot be penalized unheard. Her
    name is not shown in the acquisition proceedings.
    Possession is not obtained from her and award is also not
    passed. In such an event, it cannot be said that the
    acquisition proceedings have taken place in an orderly
    manner in so far as the petitioner’s property is
    concerned. Therefore, the acquisition proceedings as in
    respect of the property in question vitiate and
    consequently the acquisition notifications are liable to be
    quashed.

    Accordingly, the acquisition notifications dated
    17.11.1988 and 22.7.1991 vide Annexures-J and K respectively
    in respect of Sy.No.19, measuring 2 acres of Doddakallasandra
    Village, Uttarahalli Hobli, Bangalore South Taluk is concerned,
    stand quashed.

    Petition is allowed accordingly.”

    (Emphasis supplied at each instance)

    15. In the light of the issue being answered by the Division by

    its judgement supra, as also the order of the learned single Judge

    in the case of Kempamma which was concerning this very land, the

    petition deserves to succeed, as the order of quashing the

    notification to an extent of 2 acres of land in Sy.No.19 has attained

    finality. If the acquisition qua adjacent land of 2 acres is quashed

    on account of delay and lapsing of the Scheme and that has

    attained finality, it cannot be said that the BDA can now take

    possession of the land of the petitioner concerning final notification

    of 1991 in 2026, which would be 34 years after issuance of final
    27

    notification. The petition thus deserves the same treatment as the

    adjacent lands deserved at the hands of the coordinate Bench.

    16. For the aforesaid reasons, the following: –

    ORDER

    (i) Writ Petition is allowed.

    (ii) The Preliminary Notification dated 17-11-1988 and the
    Final Notification dated 22-07-1991 concerning the land
    of the petitioner in Sy.No.19 measuring 2 acres 10
    guntas of Doddakallasandra Village, Uttarahalli Hobli,
    Bangalore South Taluk stand quashed.

    Sd/-

    (M.NAGAPRASANNA)
    JUDGE

    Bkp
    CT:MJ



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