In the last episode, we explored how Precision Oncology and Artificial Intelligence are assisting Scientists and researchers in treating cancer. In this episode, we will focus on a third major breakthrough in cancer treatment—DNA sequencing.
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Various immunotherapy drugs such as Dostarlimab and CAR T Cell therapy use the body’s own immune system to fight cancerous cells. In addition to these miracle drugs, scientists are excited about new breakthroughs in cancer treatment, such as DNA sequencing.
Before we unravel how scientists and doctors are using DNA sequencing to find hidden clues about cancer-causing cells, let us understand what DNA sequencing is.
What is DNA sequencing?
DNA sequencing is a process by which doctors, scientists, and researchers can map cancer-causing mutations and create a personalized caner-treating regime.
An article published on The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity website mentions the following regarding DNA sequencing:
“DNA sequencing is helping us unravel the mystery of how our genes control cancer, so that we can develop better tests and treatments. If the particular cancer-causing mutations in a patient’s DNA are known, it means that treatment can be personalised to target those mutations.”
The DNA of cancer tumors was collected from 12,000 cancer patients at the Cambridge University Hospital, England. According to scientists, DNA sequencing has brought to light many facts previously unknown. Oncologists are excited about the genomic data, which has revealed various mutations that have caused different types of cancers in each patient.
An article published on Gavi mentions the following:
“…exposure to smoking or UV light, or internal malfunctions in cells. These are like ‘fingerprints in a crime scene’, the scientists say – and more of them are being found. ‘We uncovered 58 new mutational signatures and broadened our knowledge of cancer,’ says study author Dr Andrea Degasperi, from Cambridge’s Department of Oncology.”
In addition to Precision Oncology, AI, and DNA sequencing, researchers made several new breakthroughs that can assist doctors to treat various types of cancers effectively. One such major breakthrough is Liquid and Synthetic biopsies.
Traditional biopsies involve removing tissues from the body; however, with Liquid and Synthetic biopsies, cancer cells are forced to show themselves at an early stage of cancer. These procedures are comparatively less invasive than their traditional counterparts.
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