Sh. Subhash Chandra Jarodia vs Sh. Vijayinder Kumar & Ors on 30 July, 2026

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    Delhi High Court – Orders

    Sh. Subhash Chandra Jarodia vs Sh. Vijayinder Kumar & Ors on 30 July, 2026

    Author: Subramonium Prasad

    Bench: Subramonium Prasad

                              $~19
                              *         IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
                              #         CNR No. DLHC010286262023
                              +         CS(OS) 441/2023
                                        SH. SUBHASH CHANDRA JARODIA                                                                .....Plaintiff
                                                                      Through:            Mr. Subhash Chandra                           Jarodia,
                                                                                          Plaintiff in person
    
                                                                      versus
    
                                        SH. VIJAYINDER KUMAR & ORS.                   .....Defendants
                                                      Through: Mr. Ashutosh Nagar, Ms. Jahanvi
                                                               Raj, Advocates for D-1
    
                                        CORAM:
                                        HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD
                                                                      ORDER
    

    % 30.07.2026
    I.A. 1216/2025

    1. The present application under Order VI Rule 17 read with Section 151
    of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (“CPC“) has been filed on behalf of
    the Plaintiff, seeking amendment of the Plaint and for taking the amended
    Plaint on record.

    SPONSORED

    2. According to the plaint, the facts leading to the filing of the present
    suit are as follows:

    a. It is stated that Late Sh. Chander Bhan, i.e. the father of the
    Plaintiff and the Defendants, purchased the suit property
    bearing no. M-111, Saket, New Delhi-110017 in the late 1970s,
    through a General Power of Attorney. It is stated that although

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    the property stood in the name of late Sh. Chander Bhan, it was
    acquired and constructed with the financial assistance of the
    Plaintiff, his wife and the other defendants, who were then
    living together as a Joint Hindu Family. It is alleged that late
    Sh. Chander Bhan, being employed as a clerk with a modest
    salary, did not possess the financial means to independently
    purchase the land and construct the building.
    b. It is further stated that, in his old age, late Sh. Chander Bhan
    suffered from several ailments, remained bedridden for the last
    several years of his life and became completely dependent upon
    his children for his daily needs. It is stated that during
    January/February 2021, Defendant No.1 took him from the
    family home at Saket to his residence in Dwarka on the pretext
    of providing better medical treatment. It is stated that Defendant
    No.1 thereafter isolated late Sh. Chander Bhan from the other
    siblings and, by taking advantage of his physical condition and
    dependence, compelled him to execute a Gift Deed in respect of
    the suit property in favour of Defendant No.1 through coercion
    and undue influence.

    c. The plaintiff alleges that the Gift Deed suffers from several
    legal infirmities, including execution under coercion and undue
    influence, insufficient payment of stamp duty, presence of
    consideration despite being styled as a gift, absence of
    independent witnesses, and non-compliance with the provisions
    of the Registration Act, 1908 and the Indian Stamp Act, 1899.
    On these grounds, the plaintiff seeks a declaration that the Gift

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    Deed is null and void.

    d. It is further stated that while obtaining a copy of the written
    statement filed by Defendant No.1 in an earlier partition suit,
    being CS(OS) No.148/2023, instituted by Defendant No.4, the
    plaintiff came to know for the first time that Defendant No.1
    was also relying upon a registered Will dated 26.07.2017,
    which was executed by late Sh. Chander Bhan in favour of the
    Defendant No.1 herein. Plaintiff claims that none of the other
    legal heirs of late Sh. Chander Bhan had any knowledge of the
    said Will. It is the case of the Plaintiff that the said Will was
    executed under suspicious circumstances.
    e. It is stated that the plaintiff attempted to amicably resolve the
    dispute and partition the suit property amongst all the legal
    heirs of late Sh. Chander Bhan. However, as no settlement
    could be reached, the plaintiff instituted the present suit seeking
    declaration of the Gift Deed and the Will as being null and
    void, partition and possession of the suit property, and a
    permanent injunction restraining Defendant No.1 from creating
    third-party rights in the property.

    3. Summons in the present Suit were issued on 28.07.2023.

    4. During the pendency of the Suit, the Plaintiff has filed the present
    application under Order VI Rule 17 of CPC, seeking amendment of the
    plaint by which the plaintiff seeks to incorporate additional consequential
    reliefs of declaration of co-ownership, partition and possession in the present
    suit, amend the title of the suit accordingly, and make consequential
    amendments in the valuation paragraph and court fees.

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    5. By way of the present Application, the Plaintiff seeks incorporation of
    the following amendments in the plaint:

    I. Proposed insertion of clauses [bb], [bc], [bd] & [be]
    in the prayer clause

    “bb) Pass a preliminary decree of Partition in favour
    of the Plaintiff/Sh. Subhash Chandra Jarodia, thereby
    determining the share of the Plaintiff to be 1/5th owner
    in the ‘Suit-Property’ bearing No. M-111, Saket, New
    Delhi-110017; and/or;

    bc) Appoint a commissioner to inspect the ‘Suit-

    Property’ bearing No. M-111, Saket, New Delhi-
    110017 with directions to explore the mode, manner
    and method of partitioning the ‘Suit-Property’; and/or;

    bd) Pass a final decree of Partition of the ‘Suit-
    Property’ bearing No. M-111, Saket, New Delhi-
    110017 by metes and bounds; and/or;

    be) Pass Directions to sell the ‘Suit-Property’ in case
    severance is not possible by metes and bounds and to
    give 1/5th share of the total sale consideration to the
    Plaintiff; and/or;”

    II. Amendment of Paragraph 77

    Original Para:

    “77. That the plaintiff along with other defendants are
    in actual as well as constructive possession of the suit
    property.”

    Amended Para:

    “77. That the plaintiff is in constructive possession of
    the ‘Suit-Property’.”

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    III. Proposed insertion of clause [bf] in the prayer
    clause

    “bf) Pass a decree of possession, putting the Plaintiff
    in separate and independent possession of his 1/5th
    share in the ‘Suit-Property’ bearing No. M-111, Saket,
    New Delhi-110017; and/or;”

    IV. Proposed insertion of clause [ba] in the prayer
    clause

    “ba) Pass a decree declaring the plaintiff/Sh. Subhash
    Chandra Jarodia as co-owner of the ‘Suit-Property’
    bearing No. M-111, Saket, New Delhi-110017, being
    Joint Family Property; and/or;”

    V. Amendment of the title of the suit

    Original Title:

    “SUIT FOR DECLARATION, POSSESSION AND
    PERMANENT INJUNCTION”

    Proposed Amended Title:

    “SUIT FOR DECLARATION, PARTITION,
    POSSESSION AND PERMANENT INJUNCTION”.

    VI. Amendment of Paragraph 86 (Valuation and
    Court Fee)

    The plaintiff seeks substitution of Paragraph 86 by
    incorporating valuation of the newly added reliefs of
    partition, possession and declaration of co-ownership
    in the manner stated as follows:

    “(i) For the relief of seeking declaration of the

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    registered ‘Gift Deed’ as null and void (clause [a] of
    prayer), and the consequential reliefs of seeking
    partition (clause [bb], [bc], [bd] & [be] of prayer) and
    possession (clause [bf] of prayer), the suit has been
    valued at Rs. 3,00,00,000/- (Rs. three crores only) and
    an ad-valorem Court Fee of Rs. 60,000/- (Rupees Sixty
    thousand only) in respect of 1/5th share of the Plaintiff
    in the ‘Suit-Property’ has been affixed.

    (ii) For the relief of seeking declaration of the
    registered ‘Will’ as null and void (clause [b] of prayer),
    the suit has been valued at Rs. 200/- (Rs. two hundred
    only) and an ad-valorem Court Fee of Rs. 20/- (Rupees
    twenty only) has been affixed.

    (iii) For the relief of seeking declaration of the Plaintiff
    as a Co-owner of the ‘Suit-Property’, being a joint-
    family property (clause [ba] of prayer), the suit has
    been valued at Rs. 200/- (Rs. two hundred only) and an
    ad-valorem Court Fee of Rs. 20/- (Rupees twenty only)
    has been affixed.

    (iv) For the relief of permanent injunction (clause [c]
    of prayer), the valuation for the suit is fixed at Rs.
    130/- (Rupees one hundred thirty only) and a court fee
    of Rs. 13/- (Rupees thirteen only) has been affixed.

    That a total Court-Fee of Rs. 60,053/- (Rupees Sixty
    thousand fifty-three only) has been affixed.”

    6. It is the case of the Plaintiff that Defendant No.4 had earlier filed a
    separate suit for partition in respect of the same suit property, which came to
    be rejected by this Court on 05.11.2024. It is contended that, in order to
    avoid multiplicity of proceedings and to secure complete adjudication of the
    disputes between the parties, the plaintiff seeks to incorporate the
    consequential reliefs of partition in the present suit.

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    7. It is further submitted that, owing to the changed circumstances, the
    plaintiff seeks the consequential relief of possession and, therefore, proposes
    to amend the pleadings to state that he is in constructive possession of the
    suit property and seeks separate possession of his 1/5th share in the Suit
    Property. The plaintiff also seeks a declaration that he is a co-owner of the
    suit property, being Joint Family Property, and consequential amendments to
    the title of the suit, valuation clause and court fee.

    8. Plaintiff contends that the proposed amendments are bona fide,
    necessary for complete adjudication of the disputes, intended to avoid
    multiplicity of litigation, and do not alter the nature of the suit nor will
    prejudice the defendants as the trial has not commenced, and that refusal of
    the amendments would cause grave injustice to the plaintiff.

    9. Reply to the Application has been filed by Defendant No.1, wherein it
    is stated that the present application is mala fide, frivolous and has been
    filed only to delay the trial, improve the plaintiff’s weak case and harass
    Defendant No.1.

    10. It is contended that the present application suffers from unexplained
    delay. It is stated that the plaintiff was aware of the Gift Deed and the Will
    even before filing the present suit, yet chose to file only a suit for
    declaration. It is stated that the relief of partition has now been sought only
    after dismissal of the connected partition suit and is, therefore, an
    afterthought.

    11. It is further contended that the proposed amendments change the
    nature and scope of the suit. It is stated that the original suit challenged the
    Gift Deed and the Will, whereas the amendments seek declaration of co-
    ownership, partition and possession, which cannot be permitted by way of

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    amendment.

    12. It is further stated that the plaintiff has surreptitiously altered the
    valuation of the suit property and seeks to cure the deficiency in court fees
    through the present amendment, which amounts to an abuse of the process
    of law and therefore deserve to be rejected..

    13. Heard the learned Counsels for the parties and perused the material on
    record.

    14. The law relating to amendment of pleadings under Order VI Rule 17
    of CPC
    has been crystallized by the Apex Court in several cases. It is settled
    law that courts should have a liberal approach in allowing amendment of
    pleadings, unless the same is barred by limitation. The Apex Court in Life
    Insurance Corporation of India v. Sanjeev Builders Private Limited
    , (2022)
    16 SCC 1, after analysing several case laws, has summarised the law
    regarding amendment of pleadings as under:

    “71. Our final conclusions may be summed up thus:

    71.3. The prayer for amendment is to be allowed:

    71.3.1. If the amendment is required for effective and
    proper adjudication of the controversy between the
    parties.

    71.3.2. To avoid multiplicity of proceedings, provided

    (a) the amendment does not result in injustice to the
    other side,

    (b) by the amendment, the parties seeking
    amendment do not seek to withdraw any clear
    admission made by the party which confers a right

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    on the other side, and

    (c) the amendment does not raise a time-barred
    claim, resulting in divesting of the other side of a
    valuable accrued right (in certain situations).

    71.4. A prayer for amendment is generally required to
    be allowed unless:

    71.4.1. By the amendment, a time-barred claim is
    sought to be introduced, in which case the fact that the
    claim would be time-barred becomes a relevant factor
    for consideration.

    71.4.2. The amendment changes the nature of the suit.

    71.4.3. The prayer for amendment is mala fide, or

    71.4.4. By the amendment, the other side loses a valid
    defence.

    71.5. In dealing with a prayer for amendment of
    pleadings, the court should avoid a hypertechnical
    approach, and is ordinarily required to be liberal
    especially where the opposite party can be
    compensated by costs.

    71.6. Where the amendment would enable the court to
    pin-pointedly consider the dispute and would aid in
    rendering a more satisfactory decision, the prayer for
    amendment should be allowed.

    71.7. Where the amendment merely sought to introduce
    an additional or a new approach without introducing a
    time-barred cause of action, the amendment is liable to
    be allowed even after expiry of limitation.

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    71.8. Amendment may be justifiably allowed where it is
    intended to rectify the absence of material particulars
    in the plaint.

    71.9. Delay in applying for amendment alone is not a
    ground to disallow the prayer. Where the aspect of
    delay is arguable, the prayer for amendment could be
    allowed and the issue of limitation framed separately
    for decision.

    71.10. Where the amendment changes the nature of the
    suit or the cause of action, so as to set up an entirely
    new case, foreign to the case set up in the plaint, the
    amendment must be disallowed. Where, however, the
    amendment sought is only with respect to the relief in
    the plaint, and is predicated on facts which are already
    pleaded in the plaint, ordinarily the amendment is
    required to be allowed.

    71.11. Where the amendment is sought before
    commencement of trial, the court is required to be
    liberal in its approach. The court is required to bear in
    mind the fact that the opposite party would have a
    chance to meet the case set up in amendment. As such,
    where the amendment does not result in irreparable
    prejudice to the opposite party, or divest the opposite
    party of an advantage which it had secured as a result
    of an admission by the party seeking amendment, the
    amendment is required to be allowed. Equally, where
    the amendment is necessary for the court to effectively
    adjudicate on the main issues in controversy between
    the parties, the amendment should be allowed.
    (See Vijay Gupta v. Gagninder Kr. Gandhi [Vijay
    Gupta
    v. Gagninder Kr. Gandhi, 2022 SCC OnLine
    Del 1897] .)”

    15. In addition, the Apex Court in Ganesh Prasad v. Rajeshwar Prasad &
    Ors
    , 2023 SCC OnLine SC 256, has held as under:

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    “33. There cannot be any doubt or dispute that the
    courts should be liberal in allowing applications for
    leave to amend pleadings but it is also well settled that
    the courts must bear in mind the statutory limitations
    brought about by reason of the Code of Civil
    Procedure
    (Amendment) Acts; the proviso appended to
    Order VI Rule 17 being one of them. In North Eastern
    Railway Administration, Gorakhpur v. Bhagwan Das

    reported in (2008) 8 SCC 511, the law has been laid
    down by
    this Court in the following terms : (SCC p.

    517, para 16).

    “16. Insofar as the principles which govern the
    question of granting or disallowing amendments under
    Order 6 Rule 17 CPC (as it stood at the relevant time)
    are concerned, these are also well settled. Order 6
    Rule 17 CPC
    postulates amendment of pleadings at
    any stage of the proceedings. In Pirgonda Hongonda
    Patil v. Kalgonda Shidgonda Patil
    [AIR 1957 SC 363]
    which still holds the field, it was held that all
    amendments ought to be allowed which satisfy the two
    conditions : (a) of not working injustice to the other
    side, and (b) of being necessary for the purpose of
    determining the real questions in controversy between
    the parties. Amendments should be refused only where
    the other party cannot be placed in the same position
    as if the pleading had been originally correct, but the
    amendment would cause him an injury which could not
    be compensated in costs.
    (Also see Gajanan Jaikishan
    Joshi v. Prabhakar Mohanlal Kalwar
    [(1990) 1 SCC
    166].)”

    34. In the case of P.A. Jayalakshmi v. H. Saradha
    reported in (2009) 14 SCC 525, the above observations
    were reiterated by this Court and in the light of the
    same, this Court in para 9 held as under:

    “9. By reason of the Code of Civil Procedure

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    (Amendment) Act, 1976, measures have been taken for
    early disposal of the suits. In furtherance of the
    aforementioned parliamentary object, further
    amendments were carried out in the years 1999 and
    2002. With a view to put an end to the practice of filing
    applications for amendments of pleadings belatedly, a
    proviso was added to Order 6 Rule 17 which reads as
    under:

    “17. Amendment of pleadings.–The court may at any
    stage of the proceedings allow either party to alter or
    amend his pleading in such manner and on such terms
    as may be just, and all such amendments shall be made
    as may be necessary for the purpose of determining the
    real questions in controversy between the parties :
    Provided that no application for amendment shall be
    allowed after the trial has commenced, unless the court
    comes to the conclusion that in spite of due diligence,
    the party could not have raised the matter before the
    commencement of trial.””

    35. In B.K. Narayana Pillai v. Parameswaran Pillai
    reported in (2000) 1 SCC 712, this Court referred to
    the following passage from A.K. Gupta and Sons Ltd.
    v. Damodar Valley Corporation
    reported in AIR 1967
    SC 96 wherein, it was held as follows:–

    “4. This Court in A.K. Gupta & Sons Ltd. v. Damodar
    Valley Corpn.
    [AIR 1967 SC 96 : (1966) 1 SCR 796]
    held:

    “The general rule, no doubt, is that a party is not
    allowed by amendment to set up a new case or a new
    cause of action particularly when a suit on new case or
    cause of action is barred: Weldon v. Neal [[L.R.] 19
    Q.B. 394 : 56 LJ QB 621]. But it is also well
    recognised that where the amendment does not
    constitute the addition of a new cause of action or

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    raise a different case, but amounts to no more than a
    different or additional approach to the same facts, the
    amendment will be allowed even after the expiry of the
    statutory period of limitation : See Charan Das v. Amir
    Khan
    [AIR 1921 PC 50 : ILR 48 Cal 110] and L.J.
    Leach and Co. Ltd. v. Jardine Skinner and Co.
    [AIR
    1957 SC 357 : 1957 SCR 438]

    The principal reasons that have led to the rule last
    mentioned are, first, that the object of courts and rules
    of procedure is to decide the rights of the parties and
    not to punish them for their mistakes (Cropper v. Smith
    [[L.R.] 26 Ch. 700 : 53 LJ Ch 891 : 51 LT 729]) and
    secondly, that a party is strictly not entitled to rely on
    the statute of limitation when what is sought to be
    brought in by the amendment can be said in substance
    to be already in the pleading sought to be amended
    (Kisandas Rupchand v. Rachappa Vithoba Shilwant
    [ILR
    (1909) 33 Bom 644 : 11 Bom LR 1042] approved
    in Pirgonda Hongonda Patil v. Kalgonda Shidgonda
    Patil
    [AIR 1957 SC 363 : 1957 SCR 595]).

    The expression ’cause of action’ in the present context
    does not mean ‘every fact which it is material to be
    proved to entitle the plaintiff to succeed’ as was said in
    Cooke v. Gill [[L.R.] 8 C.P. 107 : 42 LJCP 98 : 28 LT
    32] in a different context, for if it were so, no material
    fact could ever be amended or added and, of course, no
    one would want to change or add an immaterial
    allegation by amendment. That expression for the
    present purpose only means, a new claim made on a
    new basis constituted by new facts. Such a view was
    taken in Robinson v. Unicos Property Corpn. Ltd.
    [[1962] 2 All ER 24 (CA)] and it seems to us to be the
    only possible view to take. Any other view would make
    the rule futile. The words ‘new case’ have been
    understood to mean ‘new set of ideas’ : Dornan v. J.W.
    Ellis and Co. Ltd. [[1962] 1 All ER 303 (CA)] This

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    also seems to us to be a reasonable view to take. No
    amendment will be allowed to introduce a new set of
    ideas to the prejudice of any right acquired by any
    party by lapse of time.”

    Again in Ganga Bai v. Vijay Kumar [(1974) 2 SCC
    393] this Court held : (SCC p. 399, para 22)

    “The power to allow an amendment is undoubtedly
    wide and may at any stage be appropriately exercised
    in the interest of justice, the law of limitation
    notwithstanding. But the exercise of such far-reaching
    discretionary powers is governed by judicial
    considerations and wider the discretion, greater ought
    to be the care and circumspection on the part of the
    court.”

    “4. It is clear from the foregoing summary of the main
    rules of pleadings that provisions for the amendment of
    pleadings, subject to such terms as to costs and giving
    of all parties concerned necessary opportunities to
    meet exact situations resulting from amendments, are
    intended for promoting the ends of justice and not for
    defeating them. Even if a party or its counsel is
    inefficient in setting out its case initially the
    shortcoming can certainly be removed generally by
    appropriate steps taken by a party which must no
    doubt pay costs for the inconvenience or expense
    caused to the other side from its omissions. The error
    is not incapable of being rectified so long as remedial
    steps do not unjustifiably injure rights accrued.”……”

    *****

    37. Thus, the Plaintiffs and Defendant are entitled to
    amend the plaint, written statement or file an
    additional written statement. It is, however, subject to
    an exception that by the proposed amendment, an

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    opposite party should not be subject to injustice and
    that any admission made in favour of the other party
    is not but wrong. All amendments of the pleadings
    should be allowed liberally which are necessary for
    determination of the real controversies in the suit
    provided that the proposed amendment does not alter
    or substitute a new cause of action on the basis of
    which the original lis was raised or defence taken.

    38. Inconsistent and contradictory allegations in
    negation to the admitted position of facts or mutually
    destructive allegations of facts should not be allowed
    to be incorporated by means of amendment to the
    pleadings.” (emphasis supplied)

    16. It is, therefore, settled that amendments which are necessary for
    determining the real controversy between the parties are ordinarily to be
    allowed, provided that no irretrievable prejudice is caused to the opposite
    side. At the stage of deciding an application for amendment, the Court is not
    expected to conduct a mini trial on the merits of the rival pleas.

    17. In the present case, the present application has been filed at a stage
    when the trial has not yet commenced. The proposed amendments arise out
    of the same subject matter and the same suit property. The plaintiff seeks to
    add the consequential reliefs of declaration of co-ownership, partition and
    possession on the basis of the pleadings already on record.

    18. Accordingly, this Court is of the view that allowing the amendments
    would enable the Court to decide all the disputes between the parties in one
    proceeding and would avoid multiplicity of litigation. The objections raised
    by Defendant No.1 regarding the merits of the plaintiff claim are matters to
    be considered at the stage of trial and do not constitute a ground to refuse the
    amendment at this stage.

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    19. In the opinion of this Court, the proposed amendments do not
    introduce a new or inconsistent cause of action but are consequential to the
    existing pleadings. Any prejudice likely to be caused to the defendants can
    be compensated by granting them liberty to file an amended written
    statement(s).

    20. Accordingly, the present Application is allowed.

    21. The Defendants are at liberty to file Written Statement(s) to the
    amended portion of the Plaint within the time prescribed under the Delhi
    High Court (Original Side) Rules, 2018.

    22. Since the plaintiff has enhanced the valuation of the suit and has
    sought additional reliefs, the plaintiff is directed to file the requisite
    amended valuation and pay the appropriate additional court fee, if any,
    within four weeks. Upon the same being filed, the amended plaint be taken
    on record.

    23. The Application is disposed of.

    I.A. 15199/2026

    24. This Application under Order XI Rules 12 & 14 CPC has been filed
    on behalf of the Plaintiff for production of certain documents.

    25. Plaintiff, who appears in person, seeks permission to withdraw the
    present Application with liberty to raise the grounds which have been raised
    in the present Application at a later point of time.

    26. Leave and liberty, as prayed for, is granted.

    27. The Application is disposed of as withdrawn.

    I.A. 7587/2025

    28. This Application under Order XIII Rule 8 CPC has been filed on
    behalf of the Plaintiff for impounding the Gift Deed dated 06.09.2021 on the

    CS(OS) 441/2023 Page 16 of 17
    This is a digitally signed order.

    The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.
    The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/08/2026 at 20:34:20
    ground that the same is under-valued.

    29. Plaintiff, who appears in person, seeks some time to file additional
    documents to show that the Gift Deed is under-valued and, therefore, is
    liable to be impounded under Section 33 of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899.

    30. List on 23.11.2026.

    I.A. 20053/2026

    31. List on 23.11.2026.

    SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD, J
    JULY 30, 2026
    Rahul

    CS(OS) 441/2023 Page 17 of 17
    This is a digitally signed order.

    The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above.
    The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/08/2026 at 20:34:20



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