Rajasthan High Court – Jodhpur
State vs Dinesh on 24 July, 2026
Author: Vinit Kumar Mathur
Bench: Vinit Kumar Mathur
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
AT JODHPUR
D.B. Murder Reference No. 2/2021
CNR: RJHC010685492021
URN: MREF/2U/2021
State of Rajasthan, Through PP
----Petitioner
Versus
Dinesh S/o Ramchandra, Aged About 26 Years, R/o Village
Keriya Makda, Police Station Padukallan, District Nagaur.
----Respondent
Connected With
D.B. Criminal Appeal (Db) No. 133/2021
CNR: RJHC010672452021
URN: CRLAD / 326U / 2021
Dinesh, S/o Ramchandra, R/o Village Keriya Makda, Police
Station Padukallan, District Nagaur.
----Petitioner
Versus
State of Rajasthan, Through PP
----Respondent
For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Deepak Choudhary, AAG
(State) Mr. D.S. Udawat
Mr. Karan Singh Rathore &
Mr. Chandan Singh Jodha, for
complainant
For Respondent(s) : Mr. R.S. Choudhary
(Accused) Mr. S.S. Gaur
Mr. J.S. Bhanwariya
Mr. Shaitan Singh
Mr. Rakesh Dhaka
Mr. J.K. Suthar
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HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VINIT KUMAR MATHUR
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA SHEKHAR SHARMA
Judgment
REPORTABLE
1. Date of conclusion of arguments 15.07.2026
2. Date on which the judgment was reserved 15.07.2026
3. Whether the full judgment or only operative Full
part is pronounced Judgment
4. Date of Pronouncement 24.07.2026
BY THE COURT: (Per Chandra Shekhar Sharma, J)
orZeku eMZj jsQjsal la[;k 02@2021 dks fo}ku fof’k”V
U;k;k/kh’k] ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 2012]
esM+rk }kjk izsf”kr i= fnukad 23-10-2021 ds vk/kkj ij ls’ku izdj.k la[;k
91@2021( jktLFkku jkT; cuke fnus’k esa ikfjr naMkns’k fnukad
22-10-2021 dh vfHkiqf”V gsrq lafLFkr fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; us vfHk;qDr fnus’k dks /kkjk 363] 342] 376,] 376,ch] 377]
376¼2½¼,u½] 302 o 201 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd
vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds vijk/kksa ds vkjksi esa
nks”kfl) dj fuEuizdkj ls nafMr fd;k %&
Ø-la- /kkjk naMkns’k
07 o”kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl rFkk
363 1]00]000 #i;s vFkZnaM] vne
01-
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk vnk;xh vFkZnaM 06 ekg dk
vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl
01 o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl rFkk
342 1000 #i;s vFkZnaM] vne vnk;xh
02-
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk vFkZnaM 01 ekg dk vfrfjDr
dBksj dkjkokl
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5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd
03- vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk e`R;qn.M
laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012
302 e`R;qn.M
04-
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk
07 o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl rFkk
201 1]00]000 #i;s ds vFkZnaM] vne
05- vnk;xh vFkZnaM 06 ekg dk
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk
vfrfjDr dBksj dkjkokl
mDr nks”kflf) ds fo#) vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds }kjk tsy
v/kh{kd] dsUnzh; dkjkx`g] t;iqj ds ekQZr izsf”kr i= fnukafdr 28-10-2021
ds ek/;e ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;k;y ds fu.kZ; fnukad 21-10-2021 ,oa
naMkns’k fnukad 22-10-2021 dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, ;g vihy Hkh izLrqr dh xbZ
gSA vr% bl fu.kZ; }kjk mDr eMZj jsQjsal o vkijkf/kd vihy] nksuksa dk
fuLrkj.k ,d lkFk fd;k tk jgk gSA
02. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Nipun Saxena and
Anr. v. Union of India and Ors.; 2019(2) SCC 703 dh
ikyuk esa izdj.k esa e`rdk&vfHk;ksD=h ,oa mlds fudV lacaf/k;ksa dh igpku
dks xqIr j[ks tkus ds iz;kstu ls e`rdk&vfHk;ksD=h] mlds firk ¼ifjoknh½]
e`rdk dh ekrk ,oa nknk dks muds dkYifud uke Øe’k% ‘P’, ‘D’, ‘N’ ,oa
‘K’ ls lacksf/kr fd;k x;k gSA
03. bl eMZj jsQjsal ,oa vkijkf/kd vihy ds fuLrkj.k gsrq izdj.k
ds la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gSa fd ifjoknh ‘D’ }kjk fnukad 21-09-2021
dks ,d fjiksVZ Fkkukf/kdkjh] iqfyl Fkkuk iknwdyka] ftyk ukxkSj ds le{k
bl vk’k; dh izLrqr dh xbZ fd og dqvk [kksnus dk dke djrk gSA
fnukad 20-09-2021 dks tc dke ij x;k rc ?kj ij mldh iRuh o cPph
FksA tc og ‘kke dks ?kj vk;k rks mls irk pyk fd fnus’k iq= jkepUn
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3%00 cts mlds ?kj ij nk: ihdj vk;k vkSj mldh 07 o”khZ; csVh ‘P’ dks
fcfLdV&dqjdqjs f[kykdj dgk fd mls dqÙks [kk tk,axs] blfy, og mlds
lkFk pydj mls vkxs fudky ns] rks mldh iq=h ‘P’ mlds lkFk pyh xbZ
vkSj mlds ckn okil ?kj ij ugha vkbZA ?kjokys mls laHkkyus yxs] rks mUgsa
ugha feyh vkSj tc ‘kke dks og ?kj okil vk;k rks irk pyk fd ‘P’ ?kj
ij ugha gSA bl ij mlus fnus’k dks rhu&pkj ckj Qksu yxk;k rks mlus
dgk fd og ‘kjkc ih jgk gS] ftl ij ifjoknh us lEHkkyrs&lEHkkyrs
mlds ihNs tkdj mlls ‘P’ ds ckjs esa iwNk rks mlus ‘P’ ds ckjs esa crkus
ls euk dj fn;k—-bR;kfn] dk;Zokgh djkosaA
04. mi;qZDr fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl Fkkuk] iknwdyka] ftyk
ukxkSj esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 249@2021 iathc) dh tkdj ckn
vko’;d vuqla/kku vfHk;qDr fnus’k ds fo#) /kkjk 363] 342] 376,]
376,ch] 377] 376¼2½¼,u½] 302 o 201 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)
(m)(i)/6 o 11/12 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012
esa vkjksi&i= fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;k x;kA
05. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;k/kh’k us cgl pktZ lqudj vfHk;qDr dks
/kkjk 363] 342] 376,] 376,ch] 377] 376¼2½¼,u½] 302 o 201 Hkkjrh; naM
lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k
vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds vijk/kksa ds vkjksi i`Fkd ls fojfpr dj lquk, o
le>k,] ftl ij vfHk;qDr us vkjksiksa dks lqu&le>dj ihfM+rk ‘P’ ds
lkFk cykRdkj djus] mlds lkFk xqnk eSFkqu djus rFkk mldks ekjus dh
ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k ,oa [ksr esa ekrk&firk dh vuqefr ds cxSj ys tkus]
lnks”k ifjjks/k djus ,oa >kfM+;ksa esa yk’k dks fNikus dh ckr dks vLohdkj
fd;kA
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06. nkSjkus vUoh{kk vkjksiksa dh iqf”V esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls
dqy 29 xokgku ijhf{kr gq, ,oa izys[kh; lk{; esa izn’kZ ih-01 ls izn’kZ
ih-93 nLrkost ,oa dqy 62 vkfVZdy&iznf’kZr gq,A rRi’pkr~ /kkjk 313 naM
izfØ;k lafgrk ds v/khu vfHk;qDr dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k] ftlesa mlus
lk{; vfHk;kstu dks xyr crkrs gq, Lo;a dks >awBk Qalk;k tkuk dFku
fd;k ,oa vfrfjDr :i ls ;g O;Dr fd;k fd og funksZ”k gSA mls
20-09-2021 dks le; 6%00 cts fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;k] mlds ckn Fkkusnkj
th us mlds lkQ&lqFkjs diM+s fy, Fks ,oa enuyky uke ds O;fDr us
mlds cky flj ls m[kkM+s FksA Fkkusnkj th us mls xyr vk/kkj ij
mDr ?kVuk esa Qalk;k gSA mlus dksbZ ?kVuk dkfjr ugha dh gSA vLirky esa
Fkkusnkj th us mls /kedh nh fd vijk/k dcwy dj ysuk] vU;Fkk mlds
HkkbZ dks tsy esa Mky nsaxsA mDr /kedh 08-10-2021 dks mldk ekufld
ijh{k.k djkus x;k] rc nh FkhA Fkkus esa Hkh vijk/k dcwy djus dks dgk
FkkA cpko i{k dh vksj ls lk{; izfrj{kk esa Mh-MCY;q-01 MkWDVj fiz;adk dks
ijhf{kr djokrs gq, nLrkosth lk{; esa izn’kZ Mh-01 ls izn’kZ Mh-06 nLrkost
iznf’kZr djok, x,A rRi’pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;k/kh’k us mHk;i{kksa dh
cgl lqudj mi;qZDrkuqlkj fu.kZ; o e`R;q naMkns’k ikfjr fd;k] ftlls
O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g vihy izLrqr dh xbZ ,oa e`R;q
naMkns’k dh vfHkiqf”V gsrq ;g eMZj jsQjsal lafLFkr gqvkA
07. geus vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls mifLFkr ;ksX; vf/koDrk]
;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ;ksX; vf/koDrk ifjoknh dh cgl lquh] vk{ksfir
fu.kZ;] naMkns’k ,oa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;kA
08. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk }kjk loZizFke ;g
dFku fd;k x;k gS fd bl izdj.k esa fu”i{k fopkj.k (Fair trial) ugha
gqvk gS] D;ksafd LohÑr :i ls vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj
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vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh fnukad 21-09-2021 dks ‘kke ds le; dh
crkbZ xbZ gS] tcfd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k laiw.kZ vuqla/kku
djrs gq, fnukad 27-09-2021 dks vkjksi i= is’k dj fn;k x;k vkSj mlh
fnu fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k
cuuk ikrs gq, vkjksi lqukdj vxys gh fnu fnukad 28-09-2021 ls yxkrkj
lk{; gsrq izdj.k dks fu;r dj fn;k x;kA bl fLFkfr esa okLrfod :i ls
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vius cpko ds fy, ;qfDrlaxr le; ugha feykA
blds ckn vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh cpko lk{; fnukad 20-10-2021 dks can
dj nh xbZ vkSj mlh fnu gh cgl vafre lqurs gq, fnukad 21-10-2021 dks
fu.kZ; nsdj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/kksa esa nks”kfl) dj fn;k
x;kA bl izdkj vuqla/kku ls ysdj fu.kZ; rd vR;f/kd ‘kh?kzrk ls izdj.k
dh laiw.kZ dk;Zokgh (trial) dh xbZ vkSj bl fLFkfr esa okLrfod :i ls
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vius vf/koDrk ls Hkh ckr djus dk volj Hkh izkIr
ugha gks ldkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks
vfr’kh?kzrk ls fu.kZ; fn;k x;k] og U;k;ksfpr ugha gksus ls muds }kjk fn,
x, fu.kZ; ,oa naMkns’k dks vikLr djrs gq, iqu% vUoh{kk (De Novo
Trial) gsrq izdj.k dks Hksts tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA vius mDr rdksZa ds
leFkZu esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us fuEu fu.kZ;@n`”Vkar izLrqr
fd,] ftudk geus voyksdu fd;k %&
1. Anokhilal v. State of M.P.: (2019) 20 SCC 196
2. Naveen @ Ajay v. State of M.P.: (2023) 17 SCC 381
3. Sovaran Singh Prajapati v. State of U.P.: 2025 INSC 225
4. Munna Pandey v. State of Bihar: AIR 2023 SC 5709
5. Sunita Devi v. State of Bihar & Anr.: 2024 INSC 448
6. Mohd. Hussain alias Julfikar Ali v. State (Govt. of NCT) Delhi:
AIR 2012 SC 3860
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7. Mohd Hussain v. State (NCT Delhi) : SCC 2012 Vol. (9) Page
No. 408
09. ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us izdj.k dh esfjV ij Hkh
eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ fn, fd loZizFke tks ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-02
ntZ djokbZ xbZ] mlesa fdl le; ;g fjiksVZ is’k dh xbZ Fkh] bldk
mYys[k ugha gSA izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ dh iq’r ij dk;Zokgh iqfyl ds i’pkr~
tks le; gS] og 00%45 ,-,e- ntZ dj j[kk gS vkSj lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li”V
gqvk gS fd mDr fjiksVZ ls iwoZ gh tc e`rdk ‘P’ ugha feyh Fkh] rks ifjoknh
lfgr xkao ds dbZ yksxksa us mls <wa<+us dk iz;kl fd;k Fkk] ysfdu vklikl
ds [ksrksa esa dgha ij Hkh og ugha feyhA blds ckn izn’kZ ih-04 QnZ ds
tfj, tks e`rdk dh yk’k feyh Fkh] mlds vuqlkj Hkh mlds gkFk o iSj
Åij dh rjQ eqM+s gq, Fks vkSj bl QnZ esa Hkh bl ckr dk mYys[k ugha
vk;k Fkk fd mlds gkFk esa cky ik, x, gksaA izn’kZ ih-08 QnZ uD’kk ekSdk
ds tfj, Hkh ftl LFkku ij e`rdk dh yk’k feyh Fkh] og LFkku ifjoknh
‘D’ vkSj fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh ekB ¼lhao½ crkbZ xbZ gS] tcfd bl
LFkku ,oa ?kVuk dkfjr djus dk tks LFkku Hks#jke dk [ksr n’kkZ;k x;k gS]
bu lHkh LFkkuksa ij xkoaokyksa ,oa iqfyl }kjk fujh{k.k fd;k tk pqdk Fkk]
ysfdu rc rd dksbZ yk’k cjken ugha gqbZ vkSj bu rF;ksa ckcr vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh lfgr vU; egRoiw.kZ xokgksa dh lk{; esa Hkh fojks/kkHkkl gS] bl
dkj.k ls vfHk;kstu dgkuh ij lansg Hkh mRiUu gksrk gSA izn’kZ ih-08 QnZ
cuk, tkus rd vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh Hkh ugha
gqbZ FkhA fdlh us Hkh e`rdk dks vfHk;qDr ds lkFk ns[kk gks] bl ckr dh Hkh
dksbZ lk{; ugha gSA tcfd ;g Hkh lk{; ls Li”V gqvk gS fd vfHk;qDr dk
ifjoknh ds ?kj vkuk tkuk Fkk vkSj ml le; rd ifjoknh ds ?kj ij
mlds dqÙks Fks] ysfdu ?kVuk ds gh fnu dsoy dqÙkksa ds Hkkasdus ls muls
cpus ds fy, gh e`rdk dks vfHk;qDr }kjk vius lkFk ys tkus dh tks ckr
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crkbZ xbZ gS] og fo’okl ;ksX; ugha gSA izn’kZ ih-08 QnZ Hkh ifjoknh dh
fu’kkunsgh ls cuk yh xbZ FkhA ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag o ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj
flag dh lk{; Hkh lansgkLin gSA tCrh dh tks laiw.kZ dk;Zokgh fd;k tkuk
crk;k x;k gS] bl laca/k esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq us
tks dFku vius izfrijh{k.k esa fd, gSa] blls Hkh lansg mRiUu gksrk gS
vkSj ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS fd okLrfod :i ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks
bl izdj.k esa feF;k :i ls Qalk;k x;k gSA ;fn vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk
e`rdk ds lkFk tcjnLrh cykRdkj fd;k tkrk rks ih-MCY;q-22 MkWDVj uohu
flag us izfrijh{k.k esa tks lk{; nh] mlls Hkh ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS
fd ;fn dksbZ O;fDr cyiwoZd laHkksx djrk gS rks mlds fyax ij [kajksp ;k
ykfyek vk,xhA blds vfrfjDr Hkh tcjnLrh cykRdkj djus dh fLFkfr esa
la?k”kZ djus ij vfHk;qDr ds ‘kjhj ij Hkh pksVsa vkuh pkfg, Fkh] ysfdu
lk{; ls dgha Hkh ;g fLFkfr ugha vkbZ gS fd vfHk;qDr ds ‘kjhj ij bl
fLFkfr esa dksbZ pksV ikbZ xbZ gksA ftl MkWDVj }kjk vfHk;qDr dk ijh{k.k
fd;k x;k] mldh lk{; ls Hkh ;g Li”V ugha gS fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds
fyax ij dksbZ ykfyek] pksV dk fu’kku vFkok la?k”kZ dh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr
ds ‘kjhj ij dksbZ pksV ikbZ xbZ gksA ftl le; vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj djus
ds ckn mlds igus gq, diM+s iqfyl }kjk tCr djuk crk;k x;k gS] os
dFku fo’okl ;ksX; ugha gS] D;ksafd vfHk;qDr ds rks lkQ diM+s igus gq, Fks
vkSj mlds diM+ksa ij [kwu ik;k tkuk laHko gh ugha FkkA bl izdkj fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k tks ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{; vfHk;kstu i{k
dh vksj ls is’k dh xbZ gS] mlesa xaHkhj fojks/kkHkkl gSA ?kVuk dk dksbZ izR;
{kn’khZ xokg Hkh ugha gS] fQj Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks tks vkjksfir vijk/k esa nks”kfl) fd;k x;k gS] og
U;k;ksfpr ugha gksus ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o
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naMkns’k dks vikLr djrs gq, izLrqr vihy Lohdkj dj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
dks vkjksfir vijk/kksa ls nks”keqDr djus dk fuosnu fd;kA
10. ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk fodYi esa ;g Hkh
dguk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk (Rarest of
Rare) ekeyk r; djrs le; tks fu”d”kZ fn;k x;k gS] mlds rgr ;g
izdj.k ugha vkrk] D;ksafd vfHkys[k ij bl izdkj dh dksbZ fLFkfr ugha vkbZ
gS] ftlls izdV gksrk gks fd ?k`f.kr rjhds ls vijk/k dkfjr fd;k x;k gksA
vr% izLrqr jsQjsal dk udkjkRed mRrj fn, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA vius
mDr rdksZa ds leFkZu esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us fuEu
U;kf;d n`”Vkarksa ds Hkh lanHkZ fy, %&
1. State of Rajasthan v. Ghewar Singh & Ors., D.B. Criminal
Death Reference No. 1/2018, Connected with D.B. Criminal
Appeal (DB) Nos. 167/2018 & 201/2018 (Raj HC, Jodhpur,
decided on 22.11.2021)
2. State v. Surendra Kumar @ Mandia, D.B. Murder Reference
No. 03/2021 (Raj HC, Jodhpur, decided on 20.05.2022)
3. Gopal v. State Rep. by Inspector of Police, Crl. Rev. Pet. No.
853 of 2016 (Mad HC, decided on 15.06.2016).
4. Hate Singh Bhagat Singh v. State of Madhya Bharat, AIR 1953
SC 468: 1953 Cri LJ 1933.
5. State of Rajasthan v. Gautam s/o Mohanlal, 2023 INSC 903
6. State of Rajasthan v. Sundar @ Surendra @ Santu s/o Nagaji,
D.B. Criminal Death Reference No. 4 of 2021, connected with
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 185 of 2021, decided on 14 March
2023 (Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Bench).
7. Bhaggi @ Bhagirath @ Naran v. State of Madhya Pradesh,
(2024) 5 SCC 782: 2024 INSC 82.
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(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
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8. Rameshbhai Chandubhai Rathod v. State of Gujarat, (2011) 2
SCC 764 : AIR 2011 SC 803
11. mDr rdksZa ds [kaMu esa fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ifjoknh ds
;ksX; vf/koDrk us eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ fn, fd loZizFke ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ
izn’kZ ih-02 e`rdk ‘P’ ds firk ‘D’ }kjk ntZ djokbZ xbZ FkhA mDr fjiksVZ
ds lkFk&lkFk e`rdk dh ekrk ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’ ,oa e`rdk ds nknk
ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’ dh lk{; ls Hkh bl ckr dh iqf”V gksrh gS fd ?kVuk ds
fnu vfHk;qDr fnus’k] ftlus dh ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’ dks viuh /keZcgu cuk
j[kk Fkk] og ml fnu ifjoknh ds ?kj x;k FkkA ml oDr izkjaHk ls gh
xyr fu;r ckcr viuk vk’k; j[krs gq, og fcfLdV o dqjdqjs Hkh vius
lkFk ysdj x;k FkkA pwafd blds iwoZ ls gh vfHk;qDr dk ifjoknh ds ?kj
vkuk&tkuk Fkk vkSj bl fLFkfr dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq, fo’okl esa ysdj
ifjoknh ds ?kj ij dqÙkksa ds Hkksadus dh ckr dks ysdj ;g dgrs gq, e`rdk
‘P’ tks fd ?kVuk ds le; yxHkx 7 ls 8 o”khZ; ckfydk Fkh] mls Lo;a dks
dqÙkksa ls cpkus ds fy, lkFk ys x;k] blds ckn og ykSVdj ugha vkbZA bl
izdkj e`rdk ‘P’ vafre ckj vfHk;qDr ds lkFk gh xbZ Fkh vkSj bl laca/k esa
vfHk;qDr us vius dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa dksbZ
Li”Vhdj.k ugha fn;kA
12. ;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ;ksX; vf/koDrk ifjoknh us vkxs ;g
Hkh rdZ fn, fd tc ‘kke rd e`rdk ?kj ykSVdj ugha vkbZ] rks mls <wa<k+
x;k vkSj vfHk;qDr dks Hkh Qksu fd;k x;k] fQj Hkh ugha feyus ij iqfyl
dks bfRryk dh xbZA iqfyl Hkh ekSds ij vkbZ vkSj xkaookyksa ds lkFk e`rdk
dks <wa<+us ij Hkh og ugha feyhA jkf= ds le; gh izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ ntZ
djok nh xbZA blls iwoZ iqfyl }kjk dksbZ QnZ eqfrZc ugha dh xbZ Fkh vkSj
dsoy bl vk/kkj ij gh izdj.k esa lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;ksafd
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laiw.kZ vuqla/kku okLrfod :i ls izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ gksus ds i’pkr~ gh
‘kq: gqvk FkkA e`rdk dh yk’k Hkh yxHkx jkf= ds 2-00 cts ds djhc feyh
Fkh vkSj ml le; rd vfHk;qDr Hkh xkao esa dgha fn[kkbZ ugha fn;kA izn’kZ
ih-74 QnZ fxj¶rkjh ds vuqlkj tc vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 21-09-2021 dks
‘kke 4-31 ih-,e- ij fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k] blds i’pkr~ mlds diM+s izn’kZ
ih-75 QnZ ds ekQZr tCr fd, x, Fks] ftuesa tks uhys jax dh thal Fkh]
ml ij Hkh psu ds ikl [kwu ds /kCcs yxs gq, Fks vkSj deht ij Hkh
txg&txg /kCcs fn[kkbZ ns jgs Fks] mldh iguh vaMjfo;j ij Hkh [kwu o
lheu /kCcs fn[kkbZ ns jgs Fks] ftudks fu;ekuqlkj dCtk iqfyl ysdj
lhycan Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA izn’kZ ih-76 QnZ ds tfj, vfHk;qDr ds iguh
gqbZ lSaMy dks Hkh tCr fd;k x;k FkkA
13. mUgksaus vkxs ;g Hkh rdZ fn, fd bl izdj.k esa
QkWjsafld ;wfuV }kjk Hkh ?kVukLFky dk xgurk ls fujh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k
FkkA pwafd ,d de mez dh ckfydk ds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj gR;k tSlk xaHkhj
vijk/k gksus dh fLFkfr esa QkWjsafld ;wfuV }kjk Hkh vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dks
lg;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk] ftuds }kjk Hkh xgurk ls ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k
fd;k tkdj ekSds ij tks fLFkfr Fkh mlds QksVksxzkQ ysrs gq, Tokj dh
[kMh Qly ij cky Hkh ik, x, FksA bl ckcr izn’kZ ih-51 ?kVukLFky
fujh{k.k fjiksVZ Hkh nh xbZ FkhA bl izdkj izkjaHk esa tks uD’kk ukSdk izn’kZ
ih-08 cuk;k x;k Fkk] og QkWjsafld ;wfuV dks tkudkjh gksus ds i’pkr~
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh }kjk fujh{k.k djrs gq, cuk;k x;k FkkA ekSds ls yh xbZ
daVªksy feÍh ,oa vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh ds le; iguh gqbZ lSaMy ds yxh
gqbZ feÍh dks ,Q-,l-,y- Hksts tkus ij mudk feyku gksuk Hkh ik;k x;k
gSA fxj¶rkjh ds i’pkr~ Lo;a vfHk;qDr us izn’kZ ih-78 ds }kjk viuk oh;Z
nsus ls Hkh euk dj fn;k FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa izn’kZ ih-85 ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ
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esa tks fu”d”kZ vk;k Fkk] og Hkh lgh Fkk] ftlesa ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij fy, x,
vfHk;qDr ds jDr uewuksa dk Mh-,u-,- e`rdk ds diM+ksa] vfHk;qDr ds diM+k]sa
e`rdk ds vaxqfy;ksa esa ik, x, ckyksa vkfn ls fy, x, lSaiy ls feyku
gksuk ik;k x;k gS] ftlls Hkh ?kVuk dh iqf”V gksrh gSA
14. muds vkxs ;g Hkh rdZ jgs fd izkjaHk esa tc e`rdk dh ryk’k
dh xbZ vkSj tc og ugha feyh rks mldk dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd mls
>kfM+;ksa esa bl rjg ls Nqikdj j[kk x;k Fkk] ftlls fd mldh yk’k fdlh
dks fn[kkbZ ugha ns vkSj og LFkku QksVksxzkQ izn’kZ ih-52 o izn’kZ ih-53 ls
Hkh Li”V gksrk gSA ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag o ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag ds
lk{; ls Hkh cjkenxh ds rF;ksa dh iqf”V gksrh gSA tks vkfVZdy&fof/kuqlkj
tCr djrs gq, lhycan fd, x,] mUgsa mlh voLFkk esa eky[kkus esa tek
gksus ds i’pkr~ okLrs ijh{k.k fof/k foKku iz;ksx’kkyk izsf”kr fd;k x;k FkkA
ftl LFkku ij e`rdk dh yk’k feyh Fkh] okLrfod :i ls ogka mlds lkFk
cykRdkj ugha gqvk] bl fLFkfr esa ogka ij [kwu ugha feyuk Hkh LokHkkfod
FkkA cfYd ftl LFkku dks QnZ izn’kZ ih-08 esa Hks#jke dk [ksr crk;k x;k
gS] ogha ij gh ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ Fkh] rRi’pkr~ vfHk;qDr us fdlh Hkh le;
vius }kjk fd, x, vijk/k dks fNikus dh uh;r ls gh mls ifjoknh ‘D’
vkSj fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh ekB ¼lhao½ ij Mky fn;k FkkA vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh }kjk >wBk Qalkus ckcr tks dFku vfHk;qDr us fd, gSa] bl lanHkZ
esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k Hkh dksbZ ckr ugha dgh xbZ] u gh
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ls lk{; ds nkSjku dksbZ iz’u iwNk x;k gSA e`rdk ds
lkFk cykRdkj ,oa gR;k djus dh iqf”V iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-80 vkSj
esMhdy lk{; ds xokg ih-MCY;q-22 MkWDVj uohu flag] ih-MCY;q-23 MkWDVj
f’konku jke] ih-MCY;q-24 MkWDVj Lokrh o ih-MCY;q-25 MkWDVj vfuy dqekj
ds dFkuksa ls Hkh gksrh gSA tks vkfVZdy&tCr fd, x,] os fo}ku fopkj.k
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U;k;ky; ds le{k lk{; ds nkSjku is’k Hkh fd, x, FksA ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj
jkts’k flag dh lk{; ls Hkh tks Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-85 izkIr gqbZ] mlls
Hkh ?kVuk dh iqf”V gksrh gSA ;fn xokgksa ds vkilh dFkuksa esa FkksM+k
fojks/kkHkkl gS] rks dsoy blh vk/kkj ij ekeys ij lansg ugha fd;k tk
ldrkA ekSds ij Tokj dh Qly ij tks cky feys gSa vkSj e`rdk dh yk’k
tc cjken gqbZ] rc mlds gkFk dh can eqÎh esa Hkh dqN cky feys Fks] bu
ckyksa dks Hkh fof/kuqlkj tCr djus ds i’pkr~ vfHk;qDr ds ckyksa ls feyku
gsrq izsf”kr fd, tkus ij ;s cky vfHk;qDr ds gh gksuk ik;k x;k gSA lk{;
ls ;g Hkh Li”V gS fd e`rdk ?kVuk ds le; 7 ls 8 o”kZ dh ,d vcks/k
ckfydk Fkh] ftlds lkFk foHkRl rjhds ls cykRdkj vkSj xqnk eSFkqu djrs
gq, xyk ?kksaVdj gR;kk dj nh xbZ FkhA ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{; ls
mi;qZDr laiw.kZ fLFkfr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k vfHk;qDr ds fo#)
izekf.kr gksuk Hkh ikbZ xbZ gSA
15. fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ifjoknh ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us vkxs
;g Hkh rdZ fn, fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k fu”i{k fopkj.k (Fair Trial) ugha gksus dk tks
rdZ fn;k gS] og ekuus ;ksX; ugha gS] D;ksafd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds
le{k ftl fnu vkjksi i= is’k gqvk Fkk] ml fnu Lo;a vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX;
vf/koDrk us viuh cgl dj yh Fkh] rRi’pkr~ vkns’k nsdj vkjksi lquk,
x, Fks] ftlesa Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us e`rdk ‘P’ ds lkFk cykRdkj
djus] xqnk eSFkqu djus vkSj gR;k djus dh ckr Lohdkj dj yh FkhA blds
i’pkr~ Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us izdj.k dh vUoh{kk dh gS vkSj izR;sd
rkjh[k] tks fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fu;r dh tk jgh Fkh] rc
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr o mlds vf/koDrk U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gks jgs Fks vkSj
mifLFkr xokgksa ls foLrkj ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk jgk Fkk] ftuesa ls
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dbZ xokgksa ls foLrkjiwoZd iz’u&mRrj esa Hkh izfrijh{k.k gks j[kk gSA ;gka
rd dh cgl vafre Hkh dj yh xbZ vkSj fu.kZ; ikfjr gksus rd dHkh Hkh
bl izdkj dh dksbZ f’kdk;r vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ;k mlds vf/koDrk }kjk
ugha dh xbZA bl izdkj bl vihy esa izFke ckj gh ;g ,rjkt fy, tkus
ls Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA ;fn vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vFkok mlds
vf/koDrk dks ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd fopkj.k ds nkSjku fdlh xokg ls
izfrijh{k.k ds fy, leqfpr volj ugha feyk gS vFkok fdlh xokg dks iqu%
ryc djokuk pkgrs gSa] rks bl lanHkZ esa fof/kuqlkj izkFkZuk i= is’k fd;k
tk ldrk FkkA ;gka rd fd izLrqr vihy esa Hkh vihyh; U;k;ky; ds
le{k /kkjk 391 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr izkFkZuk i= is’k djrs gq, dksbZ
vfrfjDr lk{; fy, tkus dh Hkh izkFkZuk dh tk ldrh Fkh] tks Hkh ugha dh
xbZ FkhA lkFk gh mudk dguk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr
fu.kZ; fnukad 21-10-2021 dk gS vkSj rc ls ysdj vc rd yxHkx 5 o”kZ
dh le;kof/k xqtj pqdh gSA bl fLFkfr esa iqu% fopkj.k (De Novo Trial)
dk funsZ’k nsus ls okLrfod :i ls ihfM+r i{k ds lkFk Hkh vU;k; gksxkA
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk le;≤ ij izdj.kksa ds ‘kh?kz fuLrkj.k
ckcr mPp U;k;ky; }kjk tks fn’kk&funsZ’k fn, tkrs jgs gSa] mUgha dh gh
ikyuk dh xbZ gSA ifj.kkeLo:i fu”i{k fopkj.k ugha gksus vkSj izdj.k dks
iqu% vUoh{kk (De Novo Trial) gsrq Hksts tkus dh tks izkFkZuk dh xbZ gS] mls
Hkh vLohdkj fd, tkus dk fuonsu fd;kA
16. vra esa mUgksaus vfHkys[k ij vkbZ lk{; dk fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; us leqqfpr :i ls foospu ,oa fo’ys”k.k djrs gq, vius }kjk fn,
x, fu.kZ; esa fu”d”kZ nsdj laiw.kZ rF;ksa dks Li”V djrs gq, gh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k esa nks”kfl) djrs gq, tks e`R;q
naMkns’k fn;k gS og U;k;ksfpr gksus ls ;g vihy [kkfjt djus dk fuosnu
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fd;k] lkFk gh ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk bl
izdj.k dks nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk ekurs gq, bl ckcr lk{; dh fLFkfr dks
ns[krs gq, gh viuk fu”d”kZ fn;k gS] mlesa Hkh gLr{ksi dh dksbZ vko’;drk
ugha gksus ls izLrqr jsQjsal dh iqf”V djus dk fuosnu fd;kA vius mDr
rdksZa ds leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu i{k us fuEu U;kf;d n`”Vkar izLrqr fd,]
ftudk geus voyksdu fd;k %&
1. Nasib Singh v. State of Punjab & Anr. : Crl. Appeal No. 1051-
1054/2021
2. The CBI v. Mir Usman @ Ara @ Mir Usman Ali : (SLP (Crl.) No.
969/2025
3. Manoj Pratap Singh v. State of Rajasthan (Crl. Appeal Arising
Out of SLP (Crl.) No. 7899-7900/2015
4. Ravi S/o Ashok Ghumare v. State of Maharashtra, Criminal
Appeal Nos. 1488-1489 of 2018, decided on 03 October 2019
fu”i{k fopkj.k (Fair Trial)
17. nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl ds vk/kkj ij loZizFke fu”i{k fopkj.k
(fair trial) ds lanHkZ esa nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl ds vk/kkj ij gekjk fu”d”kZ
fuEu vuqlkj gS %&
17.1. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dk loZizFke eq[; :i
ls ;gh dguk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izLrqr izdj.k esa vkjksi
i= is’k gksus ds i’pkr~ ‘kh?kz fopkj.k iw.kZ djrs gq, fu.kZ; lqquk fn;k x;k
Fkk vkSj bl dkj.k ls cpko i{k dks iwjk volj izkIr ugha gksus ls izdj.k
dks iqu% fopkj.k gsrq izsf”kr djus dk fuosnu fd;k x;k gSA
17.2. vkijkf/kd ekeyksa esa fu”i{k fopkj.k (Fair Trial) dk vFkZ ;g
gS fd vfHk;qDr dks mlds fo#) vfHk;ksx ds laca/k esa viuk cpko djus dk
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iwjk volj izkIr gks vkSj lquokbZ Lora= ,oa ikjn’khZ rjhds ls fcuk fdlh
i{kikr ds dh tkosA ;fn fdlh ekeys esa ‘kh?kz fopkj.k (Speedy Trial)
djrs le; Hkh iwjh izfØ;k ds nkSjku vfHk;qDr dks vius cpko ds lHkh
vf/kdkj fn, tkrs gSa] rks ;g fu”i{k fopkj.k ekuk tk,xkA lkFk gh dsoy
fdlh izdj.k dk ‘kh?kz fopkj.k fd, tkus ds vk/kkj ij gh ;g ugha dgk
tk ldrk fd okLrfod :i ls vfHk;qDr ds lkFk U;k; ugha gqvk FkkA bl
laca/k esa lkoZHkkSfed fu;e (Universal Rule) ugha gks ldrk] cfYd izR;sd
izdj.k ds rF; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA fdlh Hkh
vkijkf/kd izdj.k dk fu”i{k fopkj.k djrs le; vfHk;qDr dks ‘kh?kz
fopkj.k dk Hkh vf/kdkj izkIr gksrk gSA bl izdkj ‘kh?kz fopkj.k (Speedy
Trial) vkSj fu”i{k fopkj.k (Fair Trial) nksuksa ,d&nwljs ds iwjd Hkh dgs tk
ldrs gSaA
17.3. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ;
Mohd. Firoz v. State of Madhya Pradesh, 2022 LiveLaw (SC)
390 ds iSjk la[;k 33 esa fuEu er O;Dr fd;k gS %&
“33. Coming to the next issue raised by the learned
Senior Advocate Mr. Marlapalle with regard to the trial
having not been conducted in fair manner, it may be
noted that the concept of fair trial has been enshrined
not only in Article 21 and 39 A of the Constitution of
India, but also in Section 304 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure. Free and fair trial is sine qua non of Article
21, and after the formative decision in Maneka Gandhi
vs. UOI, (1978) 1 SCC 248, it has been made clear that
the procedure in criminal trials must be right, just and
fair and not arbitrary, fanciful or oppressive. Article 39 A
provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker
sections of the society and ensures justice for all. Section
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304 of Cr.P.C. further provides that where in a trial before
the Court of Session, the accused is not represented by a
pleader, and where it appears to the court that the
accused has no sufficient means to engage a pleader, the
court shall assign a pleader for his defence at the
expense of the State. This Court also time and again has
emphasised the right to a fair trial by the courts, in the
letter and spirit of the right to life and personal liberty
flowing from the various guarantees enshrined in the
Constitution of India. We may hasten to add at this stage
that right to fair and speedy trial applies as much to the
victim as the accused. Right to get speedy justice applies
to the victim as well. Hence considering the gravity and
seriousness of the crime, if the trial is expedited by the
Court, it could not to be said that such trial was not fair
to the accused. Of course, while expediting the trial, it is
imperative on the Court to see that the due procedure is
followed during the course of trial.”
17.4. bl izdj.k esa Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vUoh{kk
(Trial) djrs le; lkekU;r;k ftu&ftu izfØ;kvksa dh ikyuk dh xbZ]
muds lkFk gh eq[; :i ls fu”i{k fopkj.k ds rgr fuEu rF;ksa dks ns[kk
tk ldrk gS %&
01- funksZf”krk dh vo/kkj.kk (Presumption of Innocence) %&
dkuwu dh utj esa gj vkjksih rc rd funksZ”k ekuk tkrk gS] tc
rd fd vfHk;kstu i{k (Prosecution) mlds f[kykQ U;k;ky; esa
vijk/k dks izekf.kr ugha dj nsrk gSA
02- viuk vf/koDrk fu;qDr djus dk vf/kdkj (Right to Engage
an Advocate) %& vkijkf/kd izdj.k esa vfHk;qDr dks viuk Lo;a
dk vf/koDrk fu;qDr djus dk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA ;fn mldh
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vkfFkZd fLFkfr detksj gS rks bl gsrq mls jkT; dh vksj ls fu%’kqYd
vf/koDrk Hkh miyC/k djok;k tkrk gSA izLrqr izdj.k esa Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 21-09-2021 dks le; 4%31 ih-,e-
ij fxj¶rkj djus ds i’pkr] tc mls loZizFke U;k;ky; ds le{k
is’k fd;k x;k] rc fnukad 22-09-2021 dh vknsf’kdk ds vuqlkj
mls lqurs gq, U;k;ky; }kjk bl ckr ls voxr djok;k x;k Fkk
fd og ljdkjh lgk;rk ls vius fy, vf/koDrk dh lsok,a izkIr
dj ldrk gSA ftl ij mlds }kjk lgefr nsus ij fu;ekuqlkj
mlls QkWeZ Hkjokdj fof/kd lsok izkf/kdj.k] esM+rk flVh dks izsf”kr
fd;k x;k Fkk] rRi’pkr~ fof/kuqlkj ftyk fof/kd lsok izkf/kdj.k]
esM+rk ds dk;kZy; vkns’k fnukad 27-09-2021 ds }kjk vf/koDrk Jh
txnh’k lkjLor dh fu;qfDr dh xbZ FkhA bl izdkj ;g Li”V gS
fd loZizFke fjekaM ds le; tc vfHk;qDr dks U;k;ky; ds le{k
is’k fd;k x;k Fkk] rc vfHk;qDr dks lqudj mldh lgefr ls
vf/koDrk dh fu;qfDr dj nh xbZ FkhA
03- vfHk;ksx dh tkudkjh (Knowledge of the Accusation) %&
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls ;g Hkh izdV
gksrk gS fd fnukad 27-09-2021 dks muds le{k vfHk;qDr ds fo#)
vkjksi i= (Charge-sheet) is’k gksus ij Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
vkSj fof/kd lgk;rkFkZ fu;qDr fd, x, mlds vf/koDrk Jh
txnh’k lkjLor mifLFkr Fks vkSj mudks vkjksi i= dh izfr fnykrs
gq, izlaKku ysdj izdj.k dks yap i’pkr~ j[kk x;k FkkA fQj yap
ds ckn vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr o vfHk;kstu i{k dh cgl vkjksi lqurs
gq, i`Fkd ls bldk vkns’k fy[kokdj vfHk;qDr dks vijk/k
varxZr /kkjk 363] 342] 376,] 376,ch] 377] 376¼2½¼,u½] 302 o
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (19 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
201 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls
ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds vkjksi i`Fkd ls fojfpr dj
lquk, vkSj le>k, Hkh x, Fks vkSj vfHk;qDr us vkjksiksa dks lqudj
bUgsa le>uk Hkh Lohdkj fd;k ,oa vkjksi lquk, tkus ij
vfHk;qDr }kjk fuEu dFku Hkh fd, x, Fks %&
ÞeSa ihfM+rk ‘P’ ds cykRdkj djus] mlds lkFk xqnk eSFkqu
djus rFkk mldks ekjus dh ckr dks Lohdkj djrk gSA [ksr esa
ekrk&firk dh vuqefr ds cxSj ys tkus rFkk lnks”k ifjjks/k
djus ,oa >kfM+;ksa esa fNikus dh ckr Lohdkj ugha gSA yk’k dks
eSaus ugha fNik;kAß
bl izdkj ;g Li”V gS fd ftl fnu vkjksi i= is’k gqvk] mlds
ckn mldh izfr vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dks fnykdj izdj.k dks yap
i’pkr~ j[krs gq, bldh cgl lquus ds ckn vfHk;qDr dks vkjksi
lquk, o le>k, x, Fks] ftl ij vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us tks eq[;
vijk/k Fks] mUgsa Lohdkj Hkh dj fy;k FkkA blds i’pkr~ Hkh fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izdj.k dh vUoh{kk dh xbZ FkhA fu”i{k
fopkj.k djrs le; tc vfHk;qDr dks vfHk;ksx dk vkjksi lquk;k
tkrk gS] rc fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk ;g drZO; curk gS fd fd, x,
vijk/k dh laiw.kZ fof’kf”V;ka mls le>kbZ tkos] ftlls og ;g
le> lds fd mlds fo#) D;k vkjksi gSaA bl laca/k esa ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Sandeep Yadav v. Satish &
Others, 2026 INSC 301 ds iSjk la[;k 14-3 ,oa 15-8 esa fuEu
fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“14.3. The settled position of law is that the validity of a
charge must be tested on whether the accused
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (20 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
understood the case against him and was afforded a fair
opportunity to defend himself. In Main Pal v. State of
Haryana: (2010) 10 SCC 130, this Court explained that
the object of framing a charge is to give the accused a
clear idea of the accusations and the essential facts he
must meet, and that courts must look to the substance
rather than technicalities while assessing prejudice. …”
“15.8. This position is consistent with the principles laid
down in Kamalanantha and others v. State of Tamil
Nadu:(2005) 5 SCC 194, where active participation in
trial and full awareness of the prosecution case was
treated as decisive indicators of absence of prejudice
despite defects in the charge.”
3-1 bl izdj.k esa bl izdkj dh Hkh dksbZ fLFkfr ugha vkbZ fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks dksbZ nks”kiw.kZ vkjksi lquk;k x;k gks] cfYd
Li”Vr;k fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh vknsf’kdk fnukad 27-09-2021
esa ;g Li”V fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;qDr us vkjksiksa dks lqudj
le>uk Lohdkj fd;k Fkk rFkk ml fnu vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds
vf/koDrk Hkh ekStwn FksA vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds dFku varxZr /kkjk
313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa iz’u la[;k 22] ftlesa fd ih-MCY;q-22
uohu flag }kjk fnukad 21-09-2021 dks iqfyl izfrosnu ij
vfHk;qDr fnus’k ds iq#”kRo laca/kh esfMdy eqvk;uk Hkh fd;k x;k
FkkA blesa xokg us ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd eqyfte ijh{k.k ds le;
lkspus&le>us dh fLFkfr esa FkkA blds mRrj esa Hkh vfHk;qDr us
MkWDVj }kjk tkap fd;k tkuk vkSj bls lgh gksuk crk;k gSA blds
vykok Hkh vius gh dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa
vihykFkhZ us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd vLirky esa Fkkusnkj th us /kedh
nh Fkh fd vijk/k dcwy dj ysuk vFkok rsjs HkkbZ dks tsy esa Mky
nsaxs vkSj mDr /kedh fnukad 08-10-2021 dks tc ekufld ijh{k.k
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (21 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
gqvk Fkk] rc nsuk dFku fd;k gSA vFkkZr~ vfHk;qDr ds vuqlkj
fnukad 08-10-2021 dks mls vijk/k dcwy djus dh /kedh
Fkkusnkj }kjk nh xbZ Fkh] tcfd izLrqr izdj.k esa rks mls fnukad
27-09-2021 dks vkjksi lquk, x, Fks ,oa rc rd fdlh izdkj dh
vijk/k Lohdkj djus dh mldks /kedh nh xbZ gks] ,slk dksbZ rF;
vfHkys[k ij ugha gSA
3-2- bl izdkj ;g Li”V gS fd vihykFkhZ }kjk mls vfHk;ksx dk
vkjksi lquk, tkus ij eq[; vijk/k dks Lohdkj djus ds ckotwn Hkh
nks”kflf) mlh LVst ij ugha dj] fu”i{k fopkj.k dh ikyuk esa
izdj.k dh vUoh{kk izkjaHk djrs gq, fnukad 28-09-2021 ls xokgku
dks ryc fd;k x;k FkkA
04- Lora= vkSj fu”i{k U;k;k/kh’k (Independent and Impartial
Judge) %& fu”i{k fopkj.k esa ftl U;k;k/kh’k }kjk ekeys dh
lquokbZ dh tkrh gS] mldk fu”i{k gksuk vkSj nksuksa i{kksa esa fdlh Hkh
i{k ds lkFk mldk O;fDrxr fgr ugha gksuk Hkh vko’;d gSA bl
izdj.k esa Hkh cgl ds nkSjku vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk
dh vksj ls izdj.k dh vUoh{kk djus okys U;k;k/kh’k ds fo#) dksbZ
O;fDrxr vk{ksi Hkh ugha yxk, x, gSa] u gh iwjs izdj.k dh vUoh{kk
ds nkSjku dHkh dksbZ f’kdk;r dh xbZ gks ;k vfHkys[k ij ,slk dksbZ
rF; vk;k gks] ,slk Hkh Li”V ugha gksrk gSA
05- ‘kh?kz fopkj.k ,oa vfHk;qDr dh mifLFkfr esa gh lquokbZ dk vf/kdkj
(Right to a Speedy Trial and Hearing in the Presence
of the Accused) %& vfHk;qDr dk ;g Hkh vf/kdkj gksrk gS fd
vuqfpr foyEc ds] ‘kh?kz mlds ekeys dk fopkj.k djrs gq, mldh
mifLFkfr esa gh lquokbZ gksA bl izdj.k esa Hkh tc fnukad
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (22 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
27-09-2021 dks vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk vkjksi lquk, tkus ij
eq[; vijk/k Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k Fkk] mlds i’pkr~ Hkh fopkj.k
dks vkxs c<+krs gq, fnukad 28-09-2021 dks Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
vkSj mlds vf/koDrk dh mifLFkfr esa ih-MCY;q-01 guqeku flag]
ih-MCY;q-02 :i flag] ih-MCY;q-03 ‘kadj flag] ih-MCY;q-04 e`rdk dh
ekrk ‘N’] ih-MCY;q-05 e`rdk ds nknk ‘K’ ,oa ih-MCY;q-06 e`rdk ds
firk ‘D’ ds dFku ys[kc) fd, x, Fks vkSj mDr xokgksa ls
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds vf/koDrk }kjk foLr`r :i ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh
fd;k tkuk izdV gksrk gSA rRi’pkr~ fnukad 29-09-2021 dks Hkh
lquokbZ ds le; vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds vf/koDrk mifLFkr
Fks vkSj mudh mifLFkfr esa ih-MCY;q-07 thrjke] ih-MCY;q-08
t;ukjk;.k] ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag] ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag]
ih-MCY;q-11 lqYrku flag ,oa ih-MCY;q-12 ekuw flag ds dFku ys[kc)
fd, x, Fks vkSj bl fnu Hkh mifLFkr xokgksa ls vihykFkhZ ds ;ksX;
vf/koDrk }kjk foLr`r :i ls izfrijh{k.k fd;k tkuk izdV gksrk
gSA rRi’pkr~ fnukad 30-09-2021 dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj
mlds vf/koDrk dh mifLFkfr esa ih-MCY;q-13 psukjke] ih-MCY;q-14
eukst] ih-MCY;q-15 lqjs’k dqekj] ih-MCY;q-16 xksfoan] ih-MCY;q-17
Hkkstjkt ,oa ih-MCY;q-18 fodkl ds c;ku ys[kc) fd, x, Fks vkSj
bl fnu Hkh mDr xokgku ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk
}kjk foLr`r :i ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA blds vfrfjDr
Hkh xokg ih-MCY;q-16 xksfoan ds c;ku ys[kc) djus ds i’pkr~ var
esa bl vk’k; dk uksV Hkh Mkyk x;k gS fd xokg ds c;ku ys[kc)
djus ls iwoZ eqyfte vf/koDrk Jh txnh’k th lkjLor dks fo}ku
fo’ks”k yksd vfHk;kstd lqesj flag csM+k dh mifLFkfr esa U;k;ky;
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LVkQ dh enn ls ihBklhu vf/kdkjh ds vkf/kdkfjd ySiVkWi ls
mDr c;kuksa esa of.kZr isuMªkbo ,oa DVD dk ohfM;k fn[kk;k x;k]
rkfd os HkyhHkkafr ftjg dj ldsA
5-1- bl izdkj mDr fLFkfr ls Hkh Li”V gS fd xokg ds dFku
ys[kc) djus ls iwoZ lacaf/kr isuMªkbo o DVD vihykFkhZ ds ;ksX;
vf/koDrk dks pykdj fn[kkbZ xbZ vkSj mudh larqf”V gksus ds i’pkr~
gh dFku ys[kc) fd, x, FksA
5-2- fnukad 01-10-2021 dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds
vf/koDrk fopkj.k ds nkSjku mifLFkr Fks vkSj xokg ih-MCY;q-18
fodkl] ih-MCY;q-19 euh”k dqekj] ih-MCY;q-20 Hkwjkjke o ih-MCY;q-21
dyanj [kku ds Hkh c;ku ys[kc) fd, x, FksA rRi’pkr~ fnukad
04-10-2021 dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk
dh fopkj.k ds nkSjku mifLFkfr esa ih-MCY;q-22 MkWDVj uohu flag]
ih-MCY;q-23 MkWDVj f’konku jke] ih-MCY;q-24 MkWDVj Lokfr
fnokdj ,oa ih-MCY;q-25 MkWDVj vfuy dqekj ds c;ku fy, x, vkSj
ih-MCY;q-26 jkethou ds c;ku U;k;ky; dk le; lekIr gksus ls
MsQj fd, x, Fks ,oa ml fnu U;k;ky; ds le{k tks ,Q-,l-,y-
ls lacaf/kr nLrkost is’k gq, Fks] mudh izfr;ka Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds vf/koDrk dks miyC/k djok nh xbZ FkhA
fnukad 05-10-2021 dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds vf/koDrk
fopkj.k ds nkSjku mifLFkr Fks vkSj bl fnu ih-MCY;q-26 jkethou]
ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag o ih-MCY;q-28 uanyky ds dFku
ys[kc) fd, x, FksA rRi’pkr~ fnukad 06-10-2021 dks Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk fopkj.k ds le;
mifLFkr Fks vkSj ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq ds c;ku ys[kc) djus
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ds i’pkr~ U;k;ky; le; lekIr gksus ls xokg ds c;ku MsQj fd,
x, Fks vkSj blh fnu izFke ckj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX;
vf/koDrk dh vksj ls ,d izkFkZuk i= bl vk’k; dk is’k fd;k x;k
Fkk fd o”kZ 2018 esa xaHkhj nq?kZVuk gksus ls vfHk;qDr ds flj esa pksV
vkbZ Fkh vkSj bl dkj.k ls mls ckj&ckj ekufld nkSjs iM+rs gSa ,oa
ftlls mldh ekufld fLFkfr lgh ugha gSA ftl ij fopkj.k
U;k;ky; }kjk esfMdy cksMZ dk xBu djrs gq, vfHk;qDr dk
ekufld LokLF; ijh{k.k fd, tkus dk vkns’k Hkh fn;k x;k FkkA
rRi’pkr~ ekufld LokLF; ijh{k.k dh tks fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 izkIr
gqbZ] mlds vuqlkj vihykFkhZ vfHk;qDr dh ekufld fLFkfr lgh ikbZ
xbZ FkhA blds vfrfjDr Hkh Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls
cpko esa xokg ih-MCY;q-01 MkWDVj fiz;adk ds dFku Hkh ys[kc)
djok, x, Fks] ftuesa Hkh mldk ;g dguk gS fd ijh{k.k djus ds
ckn tks fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 cukbZ xbZ Fkh] mlesa cksMZ dh jk; ds
vuqlkj fnus’k ekufld :i ls lkmaM ekbaM Fkk vkSj ijh{k.k ds
le; mlesa fdlh Hkh rjg ds lkbfd;kfVªd byusl ;k ekufld
chekjh ds dksbZ y{k.k ugha Fks vkSj cksMZ dh jk; izn’kZ ih-93 ij lh
ls Mh cksMZ dh jk; o , ls ch vius gLrk{kj gksuk crk;kA
5-3- bl izdkj iwjs fopkj.k ds nkSjku tc ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq
ds dFku ys[kc) fd, tk jgs Fks] rc izFke ckj gh mDr izkFkZuk i=
is’k gksus ds ckotwn Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us esfMdy cksMZ
dk xBu djrs gq, mlds ekufld ijh{k.k djus dk vkns’k Hkh fn;k
Fkk] ftldh fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 Hkh izkIr gqbZ FkhA fnukad 11-10-2021
dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk fopkj.k ds
nkSjku mifLFkr Fks vkSj bl fnu Hkh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq ds
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c;ku fy, x, Fks rFkk bl fnu vfHk;qDr ds ekufld LokLF;
ckcr tks esfMdy fjiksVZ o ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ izkIr gqbZ Fkh] mldh
izfr Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds vf/koDrk dks fnykbZ xbZ FkhA
fnukad 12-10-2021 dks vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds ;ksX;
vf/koDrk mifLFkr Fks vkSj Lo;a vfHk;qDr ds dFku ys[kc) fd,
tkus ij mlus ,d izkFkZuk i= is’k djrs gq, cpko lk{; esa xokgksa
dks ryc djus dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh is’k fd;k FkkA bl ij izdj.k dks
fnukad 16-10-2021 dks j[krs gq, vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls viuh lk{;
lQkbZ esa ftu xokgksa dks ryc djus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZ Fkh] mls
Lohdkj Hkh djrs gq, xokgksa ds leu tkjh djus dk Hkh vkns’k fn;k
x;k FkkA fnukad 20-10-2021 dks Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds
vf/koDrk mifLFkr Fks vkSj ftu xokgksa dks lk{; lQkbZ esa Lo;a
vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls ryc djok;k x;k Fkk] os xokg Øe’k% MkWDVj
fiz;adk] MkWDVj uohu] MkWDVj vks-vkj- buk.kh] MkWDVj nkSyr jke
pkS/kjh] MkWDVj iq[kjkt o MkWDVj vkj-ds- raoj mifLFkr vk, FksA
rc izfrj{kk lk{; esa Mh-MCY;q-01 MkWDVj fiz;adk ds c;ku djok,
x, Fks vkSj vfHk;qDr ds gh vf/koDrk dh vksj ls i=koyh dh
vknsf’kdk esa Lo;a gkFk ls fy[kdj ;g tkfgj fd;k x;k Fkk fd tks
‘ks”k xokg mifZLFkr gSa] muds dFku djkuk ugha pkgrs gSaA bl
fLFkfr esa tks ‘ks”k xokgku ds dFku ys[kc) ugha gq, Fks] mudks
#[klr dj fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj bl fLFkfr esa gh vkSj izfrj{kk lk{;
is’k ugha djus ls gh izfrj{kk lk{; can gqbZ FkhA rRi’pkr~ nksuksa
i{kksa dh cgl vafre lqudj fnukad 21-10-2021 dks fu.kZ; fn;k
x;k FkkA
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5-4- bl izdkj mi;qZDr fLFkfr ls ;g Li”V gS fd mifLFkr xokgksa
ds dFku Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh
mifLFkfr esa gh ys[kc) fd, x, Fks vkSj muls foLr`r :i ls
izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA rRi’pkr~ nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl vafre
lqudj gh fu.kZ; fn;k x;k FkkA
17.5. bl izdkj fu”i{k fopkj.k ds rgr tks leku volj
izkd`frd U;k; ds rgr fn;k tkuk pkfg,] mlds rgr gh fu/kkZfjr
izfØ;k dh ikyuk Hkh gqbZ FkhA ;|fi ;g lgh gS fd fnukad 27-09-2021
dks vkjksi i= is’k gksus ds i’pkr~ fnukad 21-10-2021 dks fu.kZ; lquk;k
x;k Fkk] ysfdu bl izdj.k esa vfHkys[k ij tks mi;qZDr laiw.kZ
ifjfLFkfr;ka vkbZ gSa ,oa ftrus Hkh xokgksa ds dFku ys[kc) fd, x, Fks]
mu lHkh ds voyksdu ls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd buesa ls vf/kdka’k xokgksa
ls foLr`r :i ls izfrijh{k.k fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj iz’u&mRrj esa Hkh
izfrijh{k.k gks j[kk gSA iwjh lquokbZ ds nkSjku dHkh Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vFkok mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us U;k;ky; ls bl
ckcr le; ekaxk gks] ,slk Hkh ugha ik;k tkrk gS] cfYd mifLFkr gksus
okys xokgksa ls foLr`r :i ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk jgk gS vkSj
ftl fnu mudh vksj ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh ekufld fLFkfr ckcr
esfMdy djokus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZ Fkh] mls Hkh Lohdkj djrs gq,
esfMdy ijh{k.k Hkh djok;k x;k gSA rRi’pkr~ Lo;a vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
ds dFku ys[kc) fd, tkus ij mldh vksj ls cpko esa ftu xokgksa dks
ryc djokuk pkgk] mu lHkh dks U;k;ky; us ryc djok, tkus gsrq
leu Hkh tkjh fd;k vkSj tc os xokg mifLFkr vk, rc muesa ls
ek= ,d Mh-MCY;q-01 MkWDVj fiz;adk ds gh dFku ys[kc) fd, tkus ds
i’pkr~ ‘ks”k xokgksa dh lk{; ugha djokuk pkgus ij gh mudh lk{;
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izfrj{kk can djrs gq, cgl vafre Hkh dj yh xbZ Fkh] rRi’pkr~ fu.kZ;
vk;k FkkA vr% bl fLFkfr esa ek= ‘kh?kz fopkj.k gksus ds vk/kkj ij
gh ;g dFku rdZlaxr ugha gS fd fu”i{k fopkj.k ugha gqvk gksA ;fn
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k le; ekaxk tkrk vFkok ;g dgk
tkrk fd cpko gsrq vkSj le; dh vko’;drk gS] fQj Hkh le; iznku
ugha fd;k tkrk] rc rks ;g dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd vR;f/kd tYnckth
djrs gq, fu.kZ; fn;k x;k gSA fo’ks”kdj bl fLFkfr esa] tcfd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us eq[; vkjksiksa dks Lohdkj Hkh dj fy;k FkkA
vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls ;g Hkh izdV gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
dh vksj ls tsy vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftlesa Hkh mlds }kjk bl
izdkj dk dksbZ dFku ugha fd;k x;k fd okLrfod :i ls fopkj.k ds
nkSjku og viuk cpko ugha dj ik;k gks vFkok mlds vf/koDrk Hkh
U;k;ky; ds le{k lgh fLFkfr ugha j[k ik, gksa ;k og vkjksiksa dks le>
ugha ik;k gks] bl dkj.k ls fdlh Hkqykos esa iM+ x;k gks] uk gh
mlds }kjk fopkj.k ds nkSjku ftl vf/koDrk ds }kjk mlds izdj.k esa
iSjoh dh tk jgh Fkh] mldh dksbZ f’kdk;r dh xbZ gSA
17.6. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; State
of Madhya Pradesh v. Bhooraji & Ors., AIR 2001 SC 3372 esa
Hkh fuEu fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“The present is a case where accused did not raise any
question, when they were heard at the time of framing the
charge, that the court cannot proceed without committal
made by a magistrate. Nor did they raise such a plea at
any stage either before or after the evidence was recorded
by the trial court. The convicted persons thought of raising
such a contention only when they found the decision of
this Court in Gangula Ashok (supra) as useful to them.
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The real question is whether the High Court necessarily
should have quashed the trial proceedings to be repeated
again only on account of the declaration of the legal
position made by Supreme Court concerning the
procedural aspect about the cases involving offences under
the SC/ST Act. A de novo trial should be the last resort
and that too only when such a course becomes so
desperately indispensable. It should be limited to the
extreme exigency to avert a failure of justice. Any
omission or even the illegality in the procedure which does
not affect the core of the case is not a ground for ordering
a de novo trial. This is because the appellate court has
plenary powers for re-evaluating or re-appraising the
evidence and even to take additional evidence by the
appellate court itself or to direct such additional evidence
to be collected by the trial court. But to replay the whole
laborious exercise after erasing the bulky records relating
to the earlier proceedings, by bringing down all the
persons to the court once again for repeating the whole
depositions would be a sheer waste of time, energy and
costs unless there is miscarriage of justice otherwise.
Hence the said course can be resorted to when it becomes
unpreventable for the purpose of averting a failure of
justice. The superior court which orders a de novo trial
cannot afford to overlook the realities and the serious
impact on the pending cases in trial courts which are
crammed with dockets, and how much that order would
inflict hardship on many innocent persons who once took
all the troubles to reach the court and deposed their
versions in the very same case. To them and the public
the re-enactment of the whole labour might give the
impression that law is more pedantic than pragmatic. Law
is not an instrument to be used for inflicting sufferings on
the people but for the process of justice dispensation.”
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17.7. mi;qZDr fu.kZ; dk gh mYys[k ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds
fu.kZ; Sandeep Yadav v. Satish & Others, 2026 INSC 301 ds iSjk
la[;k 16-2 esa Hkh djrs gq, fuEu fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“16.2. In State of M.P. v. Bhooraji and others, (2001)
7 SCC 679, this Court emphasised the limited scope for
directing a fresh trial and cautioned that appellate courts
must not set aside proceedings merely on account of
procedural irregularities unless such irregularity has
resulted in a failure of justice. It was observed that
Section 465 Cr.P.C. embodies a legislative mandate
discouraging the annulment of proceedings on technical
grounds in the absence of prejudice. …”
17.8. izLrqr izdj.k esa Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu.kZ;
fnukad 21-10-2021 dks fn;k x;k Fkk] rc ls vc rd yxHkx lk<+s pkj o”kZ
ls Hkh vf/kd le; gks pqdk gSA ;|fi tgka U;k;ky; dks Li”Vr;k yxrk
gks fd fu”i{k fopkj.k ugha gqvk gS] rks vihy dh LVst ij iqu% fopkj.k gsrq
izdj.k dks Hkstk tk ldrk gS] ysfdu blds fy, viokn Lo:i
ifjfLFkfr;ka fjdkWMZ ij ikbZ tkuk vko’;d gksrh gSA dsoy dg nsus ls ;g
ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd okLrfod :i ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
izdj.k dk ‘kh?kz fuLrkj.k djrs le; fu”i{k fopkj.k ugha fd;k x;k gksA
17.9. bl laca/k esa Hkh ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;
Sandeep Yadav v. Satish & Others, 2026 INSC 301 ds gh iSjk
la[;k 16-4 esa fuEu fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“16.4. The contours of the power to order a fresh trial
were further elucidated in Ajay Kumar Ghoshal and
others v. State of Bihar and another, (2017) 12 SCC
699, wherein it was held that such a direction can be
issued only in exceptional circumstances, such as where
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the trial is vitiated by serious illegality, lack of jurisdiction,
or where the parties were prevented from leading material
evidence, resulting in there being no real trial in the eyes
of law. The relevant paragraph reads as under:
“12. “De novo” trial means a “new trial” ordered by an
appellate court in exceptional cases when the original trial
failed to make a determination in a manner dictated by
law. The trial is conducted afresh by the court as if there
had not been a trial in fiÙkst instance. Undoubtedly, the
appellate court has power to direct the lower court to
hold “de novo” trial. But the question is when such power
should be exercised. As stated in Ukha Kolhe v. State of
Maharashtra [Ukha Kolhe v. State of Maharashtra, (1964)
1 SCR 926 : AIR 1963 SC 1531: (1963) 2 Cri LJ 418], the
Court held that: (AIR p. 1537, para 11)“11. An order for retrial of a criminal case is made
in exceptional cases, and not unless the appellate
court is satisfied that the Court trying the
proceeding had no jurisdiction to try it or that the
trial was vitiated by serious illegalities or
irregularities or on account of misconception of the
nature of the proceedings and on that account in
substance there had been no real trial or that the
prosecutor or an accused was, for reasons over
which he had no control, prevented from leading or
tendering evidence material to the charge, and in
the interests of justice the appellate court deems it
appropriate, having regard to the circumstances of
the case, that the accused should be put on his
trial again. An order of retrial wipes out from the
record the earlier proceeding, and exposes the
person accused to another trial which affords the
prosecutor an opportunity to rectify the infirmities
disclosed in the earlier trial, and will not ordinarily
be countenanced when it is made merely to enable
the prosecutor to lead evidence which he could but
has not cared to lead either on account of
insufficient appreciation of the nature of the case
or for other reasons.”
17.10. ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 (The
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012) dk eq[;
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mÌs’; cPpksa dks ySafxd geys] ySafxd mRihM+u ,oa muds fo#) gq, ;kSu
mRihM+u ls laj{k.k iznku djuk gSA bl gsrq fo’ks”k U;k;ky; dk Hkh xBu
fd;k x;k gS] rkfd cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, ,sls vijk/kksa dh
tYn lquokbZ lqfuf’pr dh tk ldsA vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr
ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; The Central Bureau of
Investigation v. Mir Usman @ Ara @ Mir Usman Ali, 2025
INSC 1155 ds iSjk la[;k 37 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us lHkh mPp
U;k;ky; dks viuh iz’kklfud vf/kdkfjrk esa ftyk U;k;ky;ksa dks ldqZyj
tkjh djus ds Hkh funsZ’k fn, FksA bldh ikyuk esa jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky;
}kjk Øekad 22/P.I./2025 fnukad 26-11-2025 dks mDr funsZ’kksa dk gh
mYys[k djrs gq, fuEu ldqZyj Hkh tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk %&
“Pursuant to the directions of Hon’ble Supreme Court of
India in judgment dated September 22, 2025, in SLP (Crl)
No. 969/2025, Central Bureau of Investigation vs. Mir
Usman @ Ara @ Mir Usman Ali, all the Subordinate Courts
are hereby directed that:-
(1)The proceedings in every inquiry or trial shall be
held expeditiously.
(2) When the stage of examination of witnesses
starts, such examination shall be continued from
day-to-day until all the witnesses in the attendance
have been examined except for special reasons to be
recorded in writing.
(3) When the witnesses are in attendance before the
Court, no adjournment or postponement shall be
granted without examining them, except for special
reasons to be recorded in writing.
(4) The Court should not grant the adjournment to
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (32 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]except on very exceptional grounds like
bereavement in the family and similar exceptional
reasons duly supported by memo. Be it noted that
the said inconvenience of an advocate is not a
“Special Reason” for the purpose of bypassing the
immunity of Section 309 of the Cr.P.C.
(5) In case of non-cooperation of accused or his
counsel; the following shall be kept in mind:-
(a) In case of non-cooperation of the counsel, the
Court shall satisfy itself whether the non-
cooperation is in active collusion with the accused
to delay the trial. If it is so satisfied for reasons to
be recorded in writing, it may, if the accused is on
bail, put the accused on notice to show cause why
the bail cannot be cancelled.
(b) In cases where the accused is not in collusion
with lawyer and it is the lawyer who is not
cooperating with the trial, the Court may for
reason to be recorded, appoint an amicus curiae
for the accused and fix a date for proceeding with
cross-examination/trial.
(c) The Court may also in appropriate cases
impose cost on the accused commensurate with
the loss suffered by the witness including the
expenses to attend the court.
(d) In case when the accused is absent and the
witness is present for examination, in that case
the Court can cancel the bail of accused if he is
on bail. (Unless an application is made on his
behalf seeking permission for his counsel to
proceed to examine the witness present even in
his absence, provided the accused gives an
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undertaking in writing that, he would not dispute,
his identity as a particular accused in the case.)
(6) The Presiding Officer of each Court may evolve
the system for framing a schedule of constructive
working days for examination of witnesses in each
case, well in advance, after ascertaining the
convenience of counsel on both sides.
(7) The summons or process could be handed over
to the Public Prosecutor in-charge of the case to
cause them to be served on the witnesses, as per
schedule fixed by the Court.
It is therefore enjoined upon all the presiding officers
of the Subordinate Courts to ensure the above direction
and Judgment dt. September 22, 2025, in SLP (Crl) No.
969/2025, Central Bureau of Investigation vs. Mir Usman
@ Ara @ Mir Usman Ali in its letter and spirit. A copy of
the judgment is enclosed herewith.
17.10.1. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj ls bl laca/k esa
tks fu.kZ; is’k fd, x, gSa] muesa Anokhilal v. State of M.P.: (2019)
20 SCC 196 ds vuqlkj Hkh vfHk;qDr dks ftl fnu vkjksi lquk;k x;k
Fkk] mlds vxys 07 fnol esa gh vfHk;kstu i{k ds lHkh xokgksa ds dFku ys
fy, x, Fks] tcfd Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ Hkh ckn esa vkbZ Fkh vkSj vfHk;qDr ds
vf/koDrk Hkh cgl gsrq rS;kj ugha Fks] fQj Hkh ‘kh?kz fu.kZ; dj fn;k FkkA
17.10.2. blh izdkj ls mudh vksj ls gh izLrqr fu.kZ; Munna
Pandey v. State of Bihar: AIR 2023 SC 5709 esa Hkh vfHk;qDr dk
esfMdy ijh{k.k ugha djk;k x;k Fkk vkSj ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ Hkh is’k ugha
gks ldh FkhA
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17.10.3. blh izdkj ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj
ls izLrqr fu.kZ; Mohd. Hussain alias Julfikar Ali v. State (Govt.
of NCT) Delhi: AIR 2012 SC 3860 esa Hkh ;g Li”V fd;k x;k gS fd
iqu% Vªk;y ds funsZ’k viokn Lo:i ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh fn;k tkuk pkfg,
vkSj ,slk djrs le; lekt ij iM+us okys izHkko ,oa fgr dks Hkh
utjvankt ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj ,slk rHkh fd;k tkuk pkfg, tc
okLrfod :i ls U;k; dk guu gqvk gksA
17.10.4. blh izdkj ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj
ls gh izLrqr Sunita Devi v. State of Bihar & Anr.: 2024 INSC
448 ds fu.kZ; esa Hkh iSjk la[;k 47 ,oa 48 ds vuqlkj eq[; :i ls
vfHk;qDr dks fopkj.k ds nkSjku ohfM;ks dkaÝsal ls mifLFkr j[kk tk jgk Fkk
vkSj fnukad 24-01-2022 dks vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh lfgr vU; xokgksa ds dFku
ys[kc) fd, x, Fks] ijarq vfHkys[k ij ,slh fLFkfr Li”V ugha Fkh fd xokgksa
ds dFku ys[kc) djrs le; vfHk;qDr mifLFkr jgk gksA lkFk gh vfHk;qDr
ds dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds Hkh ohfM;ks dkaÝsal ls
tYnckth esa ys fy, x, vkSj vfHk;qDr ds vf/koDrk dh vksj ls bl gsrq
tks le; ekaxk x;k] og iznku ugha fd;k x;kA lkFk gh vfHk;qDr dh vksj
ls ,d izkFkZuk i= is’k djrs gq, cpko esa lk{; is’k djus dk tc le;
ekaxk x;k rks mlh fnu is’k djus dk dg fn;k x;kA fQj cgl Hkh lqu
yh xbZ] tcfd vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls 10 feuV dk vkSj vfHk;qDr ds
vf/koDrk dh vksj ls rhu ?kaVs dk le; Hkh ekaxk x;k] tks fd 6%30 ih-,e-
ij lekIr gks jgk Fkk] ysfdu 7-00 cts gh 27 ist dk fu.kZ; lquk fn;k
x;kA
17.10.5. blh izdkj ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk }kjk
izLrqr fu.kZ; Naveen @ Ajay v. State of M.P.: (2023) 17 SCC
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381 ds izdj.k esa Hkh rhu ekg dh cPph ds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj gR;k dk
vkjksi Fkk] ftlesa 15 fnu esa fopkj.k iw.kZ dj fy;k x;k Fkk]
ijarq ,Q-,l-,y-] Mh-,u-,- ,oa foljk dh fjiksVZ Hkh is’k gksus ij izfrijh{k.k
dk volj ugha feyk] lkFk gh cpko i{k dh vksj ls volj pkgs tkus ij
lk{; lQkbZ dk volj Hkh can dj fn;k x;k FkkA
17.10.6. blh izdkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk }kjk izLrqr
fu.kZ; Sovaran Singh Prajapati v. State of U.P.: 2025 INSC
225 ds iSjk la[;k 13 esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fnu&izfrfnu
izfØ;k dk vuqlj.k djrs le; fdl izdkj ls fopkj.k fd;k x;k Fkk] ml
fLFkfr dks Li”V fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa eq[; :i ls ;g rF; Hkh Fkk fd
ih-MCY;q-01 jtuh’k dqekj ds c;ku ys[kc) djrs le; vfHk;qDr ds
vf/koDrk izfrijh{k.k gsrq mifLFkr ugha Fks vkSj xokg ls izfrijh{k.k dk
volj Hkh lekIr dj fn;k x;kA blds i’pkr~orhZ LVst ij vfHk;qDr ds
vf/koDrk Hkh cnyrs jgs vkSj mudh vksj ls le; ekaxs tkus ij Hkh le;
iznku ugha fd;k x;kA bl fLFkfr esa iSjk la[;k 21 esa fuEu fLFkfr Li”V
dh xbZ gS %&
“21. The prosecutor in the present case, in our view,
seemed to have missed his duty as an officer of the Court.
Change of counsel; belated appointment of Amicus Curiae/
defence counsel; closure of opportunity to cross-examine;
recording of evidence in the absence of defence counsel
are all factors that the prosecutor, in their solemn duty
ought to have objected to and brought to the notice of the
Court, as contravening the principle of a fair trial. The
relevant orders in this regard stand extracted as part of
Para 13 of this opinion.”
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17.11. bl izdkj tks vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj
ls fu”i{k fopkj.k ugha gksus dh ckr dgrs gq, tks fu.kZ; is’k fd, x, gSa]
muds rF; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ka] izLrqr izdj.k esa vfHkys[k ij tks lk{; dh
fLFkfr vkbZ gS] mlls fHkUu gksuk izdV gksrk gSA tcfd mi;qZDr laiw.kZ
foospu ls ;g Li”V Fkk fd ftl fnu vkjksi i= is’k gqvk] ml fnu
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk mifLFkr Fks] ftudks vkjksi i= dh
izfr;ka fnykrs gq, izdj.k dks yap i’pkr~ j[kdj mudh cgl lquus ds
i’pkr~ i`Fkd ls vkjksi fojfpr fd, x, Fks] ftUgsa lquus] le>us ds i’pkr~
LosPNk ls eq[; vkjksiksa dks Lohdkj Hkh dj fy;k x;k FkkA blds ckotwn
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izdj.k esa vUoh{kk izkjaHk dh xbZ Fkh vkSj
fnu&izfrfnu] tc&tc xokgku mifLFkr vk,] rc&rc laiw.kZ izdj.k dh
esfjV ds vk/kkj ij muls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk jgk gSA fopkj.k ds
nkSjku dHkh Hkh ;g tkfgj ugha fd;k x;k fd vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr fdlh
xokg ls izfrijh{k.k gsrq volj pkgrs gksaA ftl fnu mudh vksj ls
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ekufld LokLF; lgh ugha gksus ckcr izkFkZuk i=
izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk] mls Lohdkj djrs gq, esfMdy cksMZ dk xBu dj
vfHk;qDr dk ekufld LokLF; ijh{k.k djok;k x;k] ftldh fjiksVZ izn’kZ
ih-93 esa vfHk;qDr dk ekufld LokLF; lgh ik;k x;k FkkA blds ckn
cpko lk{; esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk ftu xokgksa dks ryc djokuk
pkgk] mudks ryc djus dk vkns’k Hkh ns fn;k x;kA rRi’pkr~ tks xokg
mifLFkr vk, muesa ls ek= ,d gh xokg ds dFku djokrs gq, ‘ks”k ds
c;ku djuk ugha pkgrs gq, viuh lk{; lQkbZ Hkh can djok nh xbZA fQj
cgl vafre lqudj gh vafre fu.kZ; fn;k x;kA
17.11.1. bl laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls Hkh izLrqr fu.kZ;
Nasib Singh v. State of Punjab & Anr. : Crl. Appeal No. 1051-
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1054/2021 esa Hkh ;gh fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS fd fdlh izdj.k dk iqu%
fopkj.k dk funsZ’k viokn Lo:i ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
tcfd U;k;ky; dks Li”Vr;k ;g yxrk gks fd okLrfod :i ls vfHk;qDr
ds lkFk U;k; ugha gks ik;k gksA
17.11.2. izLrqr izdj.k esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k Hkh Lo;a
vfHk;qDr ;k mlds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us dHkh Hkh ;g ugha dgk fd xokgku ds
dFku ys[kc) djrs le; vFkok cgl vafre djrs le; mUgsa le; dh
vko’;drk gksA mudh vksj ls iwoZ esa ftu xokgku ds dFku ys[kc) gks
pqds Fks] muls Hkh iqu% izfrijh{k.k fd, tkus ckcr Hkh dksbZ izkFkZuk&i= is’k
ugha fd;k x;kA cgl vafre fd, tkus rd Hkh fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ
vfrfjDr lk{; muds }kjk is’k dh tkuh Fkh] ,slh Hkh dksbZ ckr ugha dgh
xbZA ;gka rd fd bl vihy ds fopkj.k ds nkSjku Hkh mudh vksj ls ;g
Li”V ugha fd;k x;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k ftu xokgku
ds dFku ys[kc) gq, Fks] ftuls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k] muls ,slh
dkSulh egRoiw.kZ ckr Fkh] tks iwNs tkus ls jg xbZ Fkh] u gh bl lanHkZ esa
/kkjk 391 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr dksbZ vfrfjDr lk{; fy, tkus ckcr
izkFkZuk i= is’k fd;k x;kA
17.11.3. bl laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr fu.kZ; Manoj
Pratap Singh v. State of Rajasthan (Crl. Appeal Arising Out of
SLP (Crl.) No. 7899-7900/2015 ds iSjk la[;k 35-3 o 35-4 esa fuEu
fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“35.3. The suggestions that the charge-sheet was filed
within 12 days of his arrest and even without receipt of
DNA report and that the appellant should have been given
more time to study the police report stand rather at
conflict with the desirability of prompt proceedings by the
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investigating agency and also by the Trial Court in such
matters. The constitutional guarantees of equality before
law, protection of life and personal liberty, protection in
respect of conviction, and protection against the arrest and
detention, do not expand into a corresponding right with
an accused person to question the swiftness of
investigation and expeditious proceedings of the trial or to
suggest that he has to be tried at a pace of his choice. It
sounds rather preposterous that an accused would
question the trial proceedings only because of the pace
maintained by the prosecution and the Trial Court so as to
take the trial to its logical conclusion at the earliest. While
rejecting the contentions urged on behalf of the appellant,
we would rather observe that the speed and pace
expected in the cases like the present one, per force,
require utmost expedition by the investigating agency as
also by the Trial Court.
35.4. The contention that the appellant was deprived of
his right of defence and he was given services of an
inexperienced counsel remain too far-stretched and rather
unjustified. Apart that no such grievance was ever
suggested before the Trial Court or even before the High
Court, we find from the record that legal aid counsel was
appointed at the request of the appellant himself and in
fact, the Trial Court proceeded with the matter only after
appointment of a counsel for the appellant. A perusal of
the record further makes it clear that the legal aid counsel
left no stone unturned to defend the appellant and
thoroughly cross-examined each and every witness to the
minutest and minor details. He contested every
proposition of the prosecution and even the application for
recalling of PW-1 (only for the purpose of identification of
the clothes of deceased, which were received later from
FSL) was also thoroughly contested by him by filing a reply
and contending that the prosecution was trying to fill up a
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lacuna in their case. Hereinbefore, we have referred to the
extensive contentions urged on behalf of the accused-
appellant by the legal aid counsel, as dealt with by the
Trial Court in its judgment dated 28.09.2013.
Having examined the record, we find the criticism in this
appeal against the conduct of case by the legal aid counsel
to be unwarranted and rather unfair. The said counsel had
indeed faithfully discharged his duties and had thoroughly
defended the appellant. As regards the defence version, it
has not been shown if the appellant ever suggested to the
counsel about his desire to have one or more meetings
with him or to confer with him about any particular line of
defence. We are constrained to observe that the negative
comments qua the said legal aid counsel cannot be
countenanced and raising of such contentions in this
appeal is difficult to be appreciated; these contentions are
rejected in toto.”
17.11.4. bl izdkj izLrqr izdj.k esa ek= ‘kh?kz fopkj.k (Expedite
Trial) fd, tkus ds vk/kkj ij gh ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd fu”i{k
fopkj.k (Fair Trial) ugha gqvk gksA mi;qZDr laiw.kZ foospu ls ;g Li”V gS
fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh lgefr ls gh mlds vf/koDrk dh fu;qfDr
djus ds ckn vkjksi i= (Charge-sheet) is’k gksus ds i’pkr~ mldh izfr
fnyokus ds ckn cgl lqudj vkjksi r; fd, x, Fks] ftUgsa lquus o le>us
ds ckn eq[; vkjksi Lohdkj dj ysus ds ckotwn Hkh fopkj.k izkjaHk fd;k
x;k Fkk] ftlesa izR;sd fnukad ij vfHk;qDr vkSj mlds vf/koDrk dh
mifLFkfr esa xokgku ds dFku ys[kc) fd, x, Fks] ftuls foLrkj ls esfjV
ij izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA bl gsrq dHkh le; Hkh ugha ekaxk x;k
FkkA vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izFke ckj mlds ekufld ijh{k.k dh tks izkFkZuk
dh xbZ Fkh] mls Lohdkj djrs gq, esfMdy cksMZ ls ijh{k.k djkus ds ckn
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tks fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 izkIr gqbZ] mlds ckn gh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq ds
c;ku ys[kc) djus ds i’pkr~ vfHk;qDr ds dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM
izfØ;k lafgrk ds Hkh mldh Lo;a ,oa vf/koDrk dh mifLFkfr esa fy, x,
FksA vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls cpko esa ftu xokgksa dks ryc djus dh izkFkZuk
dh xbZ Fkh] mls Hkh Lohdkj djrs gq, xokgksa dks cqyk;k Hkh x;k Fkk] ysfdu
xokgksa ds mifLFkr vkus ds ckn dsoy ,d gh xokg dh lk{; djkrs gq,
lk{; lekIr dj cgl vafre dj yh xbZ FkhA iwjs fopkj.k ds nkSjku Lo;a
vfHk;qDr ;k mlds vf/koDrk us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ls dHkh uk rks le;
ekaxk vkSj uk gh dksbZ f’kdk;r dh] cfYd fopkj.k dh dk;Zokgh esa vfHk;qDr
ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us lfØ; :i ls fgLlk ysdj (actively participated)
lg;ksx Hkh fd;kA vfHk;qDr us tks vihy is’k dh] mlesa Hkh bl lanHkZ esa
dqN Hkh ugha dgk x;k gS] tcfd xokgku ds c;kuksa ds voyksdu ls Hkh
Li”V gksrk gS fd foLrkj ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ;g
vk{ksi Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gS fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk fu”i{k
fopkj.k dk vf/kdkj izHkkfor gqvk gksA
ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; (Circumstantial Evidence)
18. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd, x, fu.kZ; o
vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls ;g Li”V gS fd bl izdj.k esa dksbZ izR;{kn’khZ
xokg ugha gS vkSj vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g ekeyk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij
vk/kkfjr gS vkSj tgka vfHk;kstu i{k dk ekeyk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij
vk/kkfjr gks] ogka mldk ;g nkf;Ro gksrk gS fd ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh
izR;sd Ük`a[kyk dks mlh vuq:i lk{; ls lkfcr fd;k tkosA ;fn
ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh laiw.kZ Ük`a[kyk mlh vuq:i vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk
LFkkfir ugha dh tkrh gS] rks ;g lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ugha ekuk tk ldrk
fd vijk/k vfHk;qDr }kjk fd;k x;k gS] vFkok ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh
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Ük`a[kyk dh dksbZ ,d dM+h bruh lqn`<+ gks] ftlls U;k;ky; dks ;g fu”d”kZ
fudkyus esa lqfo/kk gks fd izR;sd voLFkk esa vijk/k vfHk;qDr }kjk gh fd;k
x;k gS] rks gh nks”kfl)h dh tk ldrh gSA
18.1. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`”Vkar
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra; AIR
1984 Supreme Court 1622 ds iSjk la[;k 152 esa Hkh fuEu fLFkfr
Li”V dh xbZ gS%&
“(i) Circumstances from which the conclusion of
guilt is to be drawn should be fully
established,
(ii) the facts so established should be consistent
only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the
accused and should not be explainable on
any other hypothesis except that the
accused is guilty,
(iii) the circumstances should be of a conclusive
nature and tendency,
(iv) they should exclude every possible
hypothesis except the one to be proved and
(v) there must be a chain of evidence so
complete as not to leave any reasonable
ground for the conclusion consistent with the
innocence of the accused and must show
that in all human probability, the act must
have been done by the accused.”
vafre ckj ns[ks tkus lacaf/kr lk{;
18.2. izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ %& loZizFke ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-02
ifjoknh ‘D’, tks fd e`rdk ‘P’ dk firk gS] mlds }kjk ntZ djokbZ Fkh]
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ftlesa mlus ;g dFku fd;k Fkk fd vkt fnukad 20-09-2021 dks tc dke
ij dqvk [kksnus x;k] rks ?kj ij mldh iRuh o cPps Fks] rc ihNs ls fnus’k
iq= jkepUn] tkfr tkV] fnu esa 3-00 cts ?kj ij nk: ihdj vk;k vkSj
mldh csVh ‘P’, vk;q 07 o”kZ dks dqjdqjs] fcfLdV f[kykdj mls dgk fd
esjs dks dqÙks [kk tk,axs] blfy, rqe esjs lkFk pydj vkxs fudky nks] rks
‘P’ mlds lkFk pyh xbZ vkSj blds okn oks gekjs ?kj okil ugha vkbZA rc
?kjokys mls laHkkyus yxs] rks ugha feyh vkSj tc eSa ‘kke dks okil vk;k
rks irk pyk fd ‘P’ ?kj ij ugha gSA rc eSaus fnus’k dks Qksu yxk;k] rks
3&4 ckj Qksu yxkus ij Qksu mBk;k vkSj cksyk fd eSa ‘kjkc ih jgk gwaA
rc mls laHkkyrs&laHkkyrs mlds ihNs x;k vkSj iwNk dh ‘P’ dgka gS] rc
mlus crkus ls euk dj fn;kA mDr fjiksVZ ij tks ^th* ls ^,p* dk;Zokgh
iqfyl dk vadu gS] mlesa fnukad 21-09-2021 vafdr djrs gq, le; fjDr
gS] ysfdu iqfyl dk;Zokgh ds i’pkr~ uhps tks le; gS] og le;
00%45 ,-,e- vafdr fd;k gqvk gSA bl fygkt ls mDr fjiksVZ fnukad
20-09-2021 dh jkf= dks gh 12%45 ,-,e- ij ntZ gqbZ FkhA bl fLFkfr esa ;g
Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gS fd mDr le; ls iwoZ gh ;g fjiksVZ is’k gks xbZ Fkh
vkSj bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkh ?kVuk fnukad 20-09-2021 ds nksigj dh
crkbZ xbZ gSA ;g fjiksVZ ntZ gksus ds i’pkr~ izn’kZ ih-03 ds :i esa bldh
izfr fnukad 21-09-2021 dks lqcg 10%15 ,-,e- ij lacaf/kr U;k;ky; esa is’k
Hkh dj nh xbZ FkhA
18.3. izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ ds xokg ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ us Hkh vius eq[;
ijh{k.k esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd tc og dqvk [kqnkbZ dh etnwjh ds fy,
x;k gqvk Fkk vkSj ‘kke dks ?kj vk;k rks mldh iRuh o firkth us crk;k
Fkk fd ‘P’ rhu cts fnus’k ds lkFk xbZ Fkh] tks vHkh rd ?kj okil ugha
vkbZ gSA mldh iRuh us mls ;g Hkh crk;k fd fnus’k dqÙkksa ls vkxs
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fudkyus dk cgkuk cukdj] dqjdqjs o fcfLdV f[kykus ds cgkus vius lkFk
ys x;k Fkk] tks okil vHkh rd ugha vkbZ gSA fQj og viuh iq=h dks <wa<+us
ds fy, lFkk.kh xkao dh rjQ x;k] rc mls fnus’k ‘kjkc ihrs gq, feyk Fkk
vkSj iwNus ij crk;k fd mlus ‘P’ dks ugha ns[kkA fQj blus iwjh ckr
iqfyl dks Fkkus tkdj Hkh crkbZ] mUgksaus Fkkusnkj th dks Qksu Hkh dj fn;k]
tks lh/ks gh muds ?kj pys x,A mlus fnus’k dks mldh iq=h ugha feyus
ij Qksu Hkh fd;k Fkk] ysfdu fnus’k us Qksu ugha mBk;kA fQj mlus]
ifjokjokys] xkao ds yksx o iqfylokyksa us mldh iq=h ‘P’ dks lqulku dqvksa
esa] vU; [ksrksa esa <wa<+kA jkr dks djhc nks cts og VkWpZ ysdj <wa<+ jgk Fkk]
rc mlds [ksr o fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij ‘P’ dh yk’k feyh Fkh]
tks [kwu ls yFkiFk FkhA mldh iq=h dk ,d iSj Å¡pk gks j[kk Fkk vkSj
dkaVksa esa Qalk gqvk Fkk rFkk ckfd ‘kjhj dkaVksa esa nck gqvk FkkA bl xokg us
fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-02 ij ^,Dl* LFkku ij viuk vaxwBk fu’kkuh gksuk Hkh dgkA
18.3.1. izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh bl xokg us dgk fd mUgksaus iknw Fkkus esa
jkr dks gh fjiksVZ ns nh FkhA bl ckr dks xyr crk;k fd fjiksVZ izn’kZ
ih-02 fy[kus ds ckn gh iqfyl ekSds ij igqaph gksA vt[kqn dgk fd Fkkus
ds iqfylokyksa us Fkkusnkj th dks Qksu dj fn;k Fkk] tks lh/ks gh muds ?kj
pys x, FksA fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-02 Fkkus esa nsdj os ?kj pys x, FksA fjiksVZ
mlus 10-00 cts fy[kokbZ FkhA ml le; mls iwjk gks’k Hkh ugha Fkk] D;ksafd
mldh cPph ugha fey jgh FkhA izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ mlus tSls crkbZ] oSls gh
fy[kh FkhA
18.4. ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’, tks fd e`rdk ‘P’ dh ekrk gS] blh ds }kjk
gh ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ dks ‘P’ ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k FkkA bl xokg us Hkh
viuh lk{; ds nkSjku ;g dgk gS fd fnukad 20-09-2021 dks fnu ds 3-00
cts dh ckr gSA fnus’k tkV mlds ?kj ij vk;k] rc og ?kj ds vkxs pkjk
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dkV jgh FkhA mlds cPps oxSjg ogka ij [ksy jgs FksA fnus’k tkV vk;k rks
mldks dqÙks HkkSadus yxsA fnus’k cksyk fd mls dqÙkksa ls Mj yx jgk gS] og
‘P’ dks lkFk ysdj tk,xk] tks mls dqÙkksa ls fudkydj okil vk tk,xhA
‘P’ dks fnus’k vius lkFk ys x;k] fQj dkQh nsj rd ‘P’ okil ugha vkbZA
fnus’k ds gkFk esa nks fcfLdV ds iSdsV o uedhu dh FkSyh Fkh] tks [kqyh gqbZ
FkhA dkQh nsj rd ‘P’ ugha vkbZ] rc rd djhc ikap ct x, FksA fQj
mlus] mlds cPpksa us] mlds nknk&nknh us ‘P’ dks <wa<+uk ‘kq: fd;kA ;s
yksx fnus’k ds ?kj ij Hkh x,] rc fnus’k vius ?kj ij ugha FkkA fQj djhc
ikap cts mlds ifr ‘D’ ?kj ij vk,] rks bl xokg us mls crk;k fd
fnus’k ds lkFk ‘P’ xbZ Fkh] tks vHkh rd okil ugha vkbZA rc mUgksaus Hkh
‘P’ dks b/kj&m/kj <wa<+k] ysfdu ‘P’ ugha feyhA fQj mlds ifr us fnus’k
dks Qksu yxk;k rks mldk Qksu can crk jgk FkkA fQj og o mldk ifr
fnus’k dks <wa<+rs&<wa<+rs lFkkuk xkao x, FksA lFkkuk xkao esa fnus’k mudks
feyk Fkk] rc bu nksuksa us mlls iwNk fd mlds lkFk ‘P’ vkbZ Fkh] og dgka
gS] rks mlus dqN ugha crk;kA fQj os fnus’k dks ogha NksM+dj iknwdyka Fkkus
pys x,A Fkkus esa ekSf[kd iqfylokyksa dks ?kVuk ds ckjs esa crk;k FkkA fQj
iqfylokys Fkkus ls jokuk gksdj muds ?kj igqap x,A og o mldk ifr Hkh
eqdnek ntZ djokdj iqfylokyksa ds ihNs&ihNs vius ?kj x, FksA Fkkusnkj
lkgc Hkh mudks ?kj ij gh fey x, FksA fQj iqfylokyksa] xkaookyksa o lHkh
us feydj ‘P’ dks vkl&iM+kSl esa] [ksrksa esa] dq, esa vkfn lHkh txg ij
<wa<+kA <wa<+rs&<wa<+rs jkr ds djhc 2-00 cts ‘P’ dh yk’k feyhA yk’k muds
[ksr o fgEerkjke ds [ksr ds chp dh lhao ij feyh FkhA yk’k ds Åij
dkaVs iM+s gq, FksA yk’k [kwu ls yky gks j[kh FkhA diM+s oxSjg [kwu ls Hkjs
gq, FksA fQj iqfyl us dkxt oxSjg cuk, FksA
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18.4.1. izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh bl xokg us dgk fd fnus’k tc muds ?kj
vk;k rc mlds gkFk esa nks fcfLdV ds iSdsV o ,d uedhu dh FkSyh Fkh
vkSj fnus’k tc muds ?kj ij vk;k] rc og nk: fi;k gqvk ugha FkkA ml
oDr ‘P’ us yky Vh&’kVZ o vklekuh jax dh usdj@pM~Mk igu j[kk FkkA
muds [ksr ds iM+kSl esa ,d rjQ eqyfte fnus’k dk [ksr gS vkSj ,d rjQ
‘kadjjke o ,d rjQ /kUusflag dk [ksr gSA fnus’k muds ?kj ij jkst ugha
vkrk FkkA ;wa iM+kSlh gksus ds dkj.k vkrk&tkrk jgrk FkkA bl ckr dks lgh
crk;k fd ?kVuk ds fnu ls igys fnus’k tc vkrk Fkk] rc dqÙks HkkSadrs Fks]
ijarq og b/kj&m/kj djds fudy tkrk FkkA iqfyl us mlds c;ku ?kVuk
ds nwljs fnu ;kfu 21 rkjh[k dks fy, FksA fnus’k tc mudh <k.kh vk;k]
ml le; mlds llqj th <k.kh dh pcwrjh ij cSBs gq, FksA bl ckr dks
xyr crk;k fd fnus’k mldh iq=h ‘P’ dks ugha ysdj x;k gks] vt[kqn
dgk fd mlds lkeus fnus’k ‘P’ dks ysdj x;k FkkA
18.5. ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’, tks fd ifjoknh dk firk gS vkSj vfHk;kstu
i{k ds vuqlkj ftl le; e`rdk dks vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr mlds ?kj ls
ysdj x;k Fkk] rc ;g ckgj pcwrjs ij cSBk FkkA bldh lk{; esa Hkh ;g
rF; vk;k gS fd tc og viuh <k.kh esa pcwrjh ij cSBk gqvk Fkk] rc fnu
ds djhc 3-00 cts fnus’k mudh <k.kh ij vk;k vkSj dqÙkk HkkSadk] rks mlus
dgk fd dkSu vk;k gS] rc mldh cgq us crk;k fd fnus’k vk;k gSA rc
‘P’ dks fnus’k ds lkFk dqÙkksa ls vkxs NksM+us ds fy, Hkst fn;k FkkA mlds
ckn mldh iksrh ‘kke rd okil ?kj ugha vkbZA fQj mlus] ifjokjokyksa us
mldks vklikl esa <wa<+k] ysfdu og dgha ugha feyhA rRi’pkr~ jkr dks 2-00
cts ‘P’ fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij e`r voLFkk esa feyh FkhA bl xokg
us ;g Hkh dgk fd mlus viuh iksrh dks fnus’k ds lkFk Hkstus ds ckn ‘P’
dh yk’k gh ns[kh FkhA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh xokg us ;g dgk fd mldh <k.kh
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esa pkj dqÙks ikys gq, gSaA fnus’k vk;k rc ‘P’ dh ek¡ HkSal dk nw/k fudky
jgh Fkh vkSj fnus’k vk;k rc mlds ikl esa fcfLdV o uedhu Fkh] tks FkSyh
esa Mkyh gqbZ FkhA fnus’k mldh pcwrjh ls 10 dne nwjh ij FkkA xokg us
bl ckr dks lgh crk;k fd ‘P’ dh ek¡ us mls crk;k Fkk fd ;g fnus’k gS]
rc mlus fnus’k dks igpkuk FkkA
18.6. bl izdkj izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ esa tks dFku fd, x, Fks] mldk
leFkZu Lo;a ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ us viuh lk{; ds nkSjku Hkh fd;k gS
vkSj ftl le; vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr e`rdk ‘P’ dks mlds ?kj ls ysdj x;k
Fkk] rc e`rdk dh ekrk ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’ o e`rdk dk nknk ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’
Hkh ekStwn Fks vkSj bl le; vfHk;qDr ds gkFk esa dqjdqj vkSj fcfLdV ds
iSdsV Hkh FksA dqÙkksa ls vkxs fudyokus ds cgkus ‘P’ dks vfHk;qDr vius lkFk
ys x;k Fkk] ysfdu blds i’pkr~ og tc ?kj ugha ykSVh rks xkaookyksa ds
lkFk feydj mls <wa<+us x;k FkkA iqfyl dks Hkh lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh] rRi’pkr~
iqfyl Hkh ekSds ij vkbZ FkhA fQj jkf= ds 2-00 cts ds djhc e`rdk dk
‘ko feyk FkkA lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li”V gqvk gS fd loZizFke iqfyl dks e`rdk
ds ugha feyus dh ekSf[kd bfRryk Hkh nh xbZ Fkh] fQj ifjoknh o mldh
iRuh Fkkus Hkh x, Fks] tgka ij izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ nh xbZA lk{; ls ;g Hkh
Li”V gksrk gS fd ifjoknh vui<+ gS] ftlds }kjk fjiksVZ ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh
dh xbZ FkhA ;fn blesa ?kVuk dks ntZ djkus dk Li”V le; ugha vk;k gS]
rks bl vk/kkj ij ;g ugha dg ldrs fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dksbZ foyEc
gqvk gks] D;ksafd dk;Zokgh iqfyl dk banzkt djus ds i’pkr~ ml ij fnukad
21-09-2021 le; 00%45 ,-,e- ntZ gks j[kk gSA vFkkZr fnukad 20-09-2021
dks e`rdk ‘P’ nksigj 3-00 cts ds yxHkx vfHk;qDr ds lkFk tkrh gS o
‘kke dks tc og ugha vkrh rc iqfyl dks bfRryk dh tkrh gSA bl fLFkfr
esa ;fn fjiksVZ ntZ gksus ls iwoZ iqfyl ekSds ij vkrh gS vkSj e`rdk dks
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vklikl <wa<+k tkrk gS] rks bl fLFkfr esa ;g Hkh ugha dg ldrs fd
iqfyl }kjk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ls iwoZ gh dksbZ vuqla/kku dj fy;k x;k gks
vkSj ;g ,d LokHkkfod izfØ;k Hkh gSA pwafd ?kVuk ,d xzkeh.k ifjos’k dh
Fkh] xkao ds yksx vf/kdrj vui<+ Fks vkSj tc e`rdk ugha feyh] rks tSls gh
iqfyl dks bfRryk feyh rks igys muds }kjk ekSds ij vkdj mldh
[kkstchu dh xbZ FkhA vr% bl fLFkfr esa tks fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-02 ntZ gqbZ Fkh]
mldh lR;rk ij dksbZ lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
18.7. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Damodar
v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 2003 SC 4414 ds iSjk la[;k 11 esa
fuEu fLFkfr Hkh Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“As observed by this Court in Ramsinh Bavaji Jadeja v.
State of Gujarat, [1994] 2 SCC 685, the question as to at
what stage the investigation commences has to be
considered and examined on the facts of each case,
especially, when the information of an alleged cognizable
offence has been given on telephone. Any telephonic
information about commission of a cognizable offence, if
any, irrespective of the nature and details of such
information cannot be treated as first information report.
If the telephonic message is cryptic in nature and the
officer in charge, proceeds to the place of occurrence on
the basis of that information to find out the details of the
nature of the offence if any, then it cannot be said that the
information which had been received by him on telephone
shall be deemed to be a FIR. The object and purpose of
giving such telephonic message is not to lodge the first
information report but to make the officer in charge of the
police station to reach the place of occurrence. On the
other hand, if the information given on telephone is not
cryptic and on the basis of that information the officer in
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charge is prima facie satisfied about the commission of a
cognizable offence and he proceeds from the police station
after recording such information to investigate such
offence then any statement made by any person in
respect of the said offence including about the participants
shall be deemed to be a statement made by a person to
the police officer in the course of investigation covered by
Section 162 of the Code.”
18.8. vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq us Hkh viuh
lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd og fnukad 18-03-2021 ls iqfyl Fkkuk iknwdyka esa
Fkkukf/kdkjh ds in ij dk;Zjr gSA fnukad 20-09-2021 dks le; 9%40
ih-,e- ij e; tkIrk ds gYdk x’r gsrq jokuk gq,A x’r ds nkSjku tfj,
VsyhQksu bfRryk feyh fd dsj;k ekdM+k xkao esa ‘D’ dh <k.kh ls nksigj
dks iM+kSlh o eqag cksys ekek fnus’k mldh cPph dks ysdj x;k Fkk vkSj
vHkh rd cPph okil ugha ykSVh gSA bfRryk feyus ij eu ,l,pvks e;
tkIrk lh/ks ‘D’ dh <k.kh ij igqaps] tgka ij ekStwn mlds nknk vkSj ifjokj
ds yksxksa ls gkykr tkuk vkSj muds lkFk cPph o fnus’k nksuksa dh ryk’kh
‘kq: dh xbZA ifjoknh o mldh iRuh ml le; Fkkus ij x, Fks] ftudh
fjiksVZ dks blds funsZ’kkuqlkj gSM dkaLVscy jkethou us fjiksVZ ntZ dh FkhA
mlds }kjk vklikl ds {ks= o [ksrksa esa cPph ds ifjokjtuksa o vU; yksxksa
ds lkFk Mªsxu ykbV VkWpZ dh lgk;rk ls ryk’kh ‘kq: dh xbZA jkr ds
djhc 2-00 cts ‘D’ o fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ds ikl >kfM+;ksa esa
fNikbZ gqbZ cPph dh yk’k feyhA rc rd ‘D’ o mldh iRuh ekSds ij vk
x, FksA ‘D’ us igpku dh fd ;g mldh iq=h ‘P’ gSA fQj ekSds ij gh
QnZ ryk’k fujh{k.k vcks/k ckfydk e`rdk ‘P’ izn’kZ ih-04 eqfrZc dh FkhA
rRi’pkr~ vkjksih fnus’k dh Hkh ryk’k ‘kq: dh xbZA
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18.8.1. izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh dgk fd nkSjkus x’r mls djhc 10%30&10%45
cts tfj, eksckby cPph ugha feyus dh tkudkjh gqbZA cPph xqe gksus dh
tkudkjh gksus ds ckn og Fkkus ij vxys fnu fnukad 21-09-2021 dks
nksigj ckn gh vk;k FkkA vt[kqn dgk fd cPph dh xqe gksus dh lwpuk
ij lh/ks gh ifjoknh ds ?kj x;k Fkk vkSj izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ eqdnek ntZ
gksus ds ckn mlds ikl vk xbZ FkhA xokg us bl ckr dks xyr crk;k fd
eqyfte fnus’k dks mUgksaus ?kVuk ds rqjar ckn vius dCts esa ys fy;k gksA
vt[kqn dgk fd eqyfte dks <wa<+k Fkk] ysfdu feyk ughaA izn’kZ ih-02
fjiksVZ ds ckjs esa Hkh xokg us dgk fd ;g fdrus cts is’k gqbZ] ml le;
og Fkkus ij ekStwn ugha FkkA izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ ifjoknh us tSlk mlds
lkFk ?kfVr gqvk] mlds fglkc ls Fkkus ij is’k dh FkhA bl xokg ls ;g
iz’u Hkh fd;k x;k fd tc vki 11-00 cts ekSds ij igqaps] rc cPph dh
yk’k ‘D’ o fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij ugha feyh \ rc xokg us mRrj
fn;k fd os lk<+s nl&ikSus X;kjg cts ifjoknh ds ?kj igqaps FksA mUgsa cPph
dh yk’k 11-00 cts ‘D’ o fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij ugha feyh FkhA
vt[kqn dgk fd cPph dh yk’k ‘D’ o fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij nks
cts yxHkx feyh FkhA os bl ekB ij nks cts igqaps FksA
18.9. bl izdkj mi;qZDr lk{; dk vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls
bl :i esa [kaMu ugha vk;k gS fd ?kVuk dh jkst e`rdk ‘P’ mlds lkFk
ugha xbZ gksA tcfd lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li”V gqvk gS fd vfHk;qDr dk e`rdk
‘P’ ds ?kj vkuk&tkuk Hkh FkkA vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls bl laca/k esa vius
dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa dksbZ Li”Vhdj.k Hkh ugha fn;k
x;k gS] u gh bl ckr ls Li”V budkjh dh xbZ gS fd ?kVuk dh jkst
e`rdk ‘P’ mlds lkFk ugha FkhA mDr fLFkfr esa bls ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{;
dh vfrfjDr dM+h ds :i esa Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA tSlk fd ekuuh;
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mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Veerendra v. State of Madhya
Pradesh, AIR 2022 SC 2396 ds iSjk la[;k 47 esa fuEu vuqlkj fLFkfr
Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“47. … it is evident that an additional link is available in
this case owing to the failure on the part of the appellant
to explain all the aforesaid incriminating circumstances.
While being examined under Section 313, Cr.P.C. in
respect of all questions his answers were either ‘it is false’
or ‘I do not know’. There is absolutely no case for the
appellant that all the incriminating circum- stances were
not put to him. In view of Pattu Rajan’s case (supra) and
other decisions such as, Trimukh Maroti Kirkan Vs. State
of Maharashtra (2006 AIR SCW 5300) offering no
explanation on incriminating cir- cumstances mentioned
above would become an additional link in the chain of
circumstances. The cumulative effect of all the aforesaid
circumstances, referred to in detail hereinbefore, would
definitely justify the finding of the High Court as to the
guilt of the appellant.” …emphasis supplied
18.10. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ;g rdZ Hkh Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX;
ugha gS fd iqfyl }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ls iwoZ gh vuqla/kku
dj fy;k x;k gks] D;ksafd izn’kZ ih-01 ls ysdj iqfyl dh vksj ls tks Hkh
dk;Zokgh dh xbZ] og izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ ntZ fd, tkus ds i’pkr~ gh fd;k
tkuk izdV gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ ftl le; izn’kZ ih-04 ds tfj, e`rdk dh
yk’k dh cjkenxh gqbZ Fkh] tks fd fnukad 21-09-2021 dks 2-00 ,-,e- dh
gS] blds i’pkr~ gh laiw.kZ vuqla/kku dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ FkhA ;g vo’; gS
fd blls iwoZ e`rdk dks xkaookyksa] ifjoknh vkSj iqfyl dh vksj ls <wa<+us dk
iz;kl fd;k x;k FkkA
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18.11. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj ls ,d vU;
vk/kkj ;g Hkh fy;k x;k fd xkaookyksa] ifjokjokyksa vkSj iqfyl dh vksj ls
tc e`rdk ‘P’ dks lc txg <wa<+ fy;k x;k Fkk] ml oDr og ugha feyh
FkhA rRi’pkr~ iqu% ifjoknh vkSj fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij jkf= ds
2-00 cts tks e`rdk dh yk’k feyuk crk;k x;k gS] ml fLFkfr esa izdj.k
esa lansg gksrk gSA
18.12. mDr rdZ ds laca/k esa Hkh vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29
v’kksd fcLlq us Hkh vius izfrijh{k.k esa ;g Li”V fd;k gS fd mudks jkf=
ds 11-00 cts rd e`rdk dh yk’k ugha feyh FkhA ysfdu lk{; ls ;g rF;
Hkh vk;k gS fd e`rdk dh yk’k dks ifjoknh vkSj fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh
lhao ij dkaVksa dh ckM+ ds uhps fNikdj j[kk x;k FkkA ;fn izkjaHk esa e`rdk
dh yk’k ugha feyh Fkh vkSj ckn esa jkf= ds 2-00 cts yk’k feyh Fkh] rks
bl fLFkfr esa dsoy blh vk/kkj ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrkA D;ksafd ;g
vijk/kh ds efLr”d dh fLFkfr gksrh gS fd fd, gq, vijk/k dh lk{; dks
feVkus ds fy, og dc o dkSulk dk;Z djrk gSA bl laHkkouk ls Hkh
budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ftl oDr rd e`rdk dks <wa<+k x;k gks]
rc rd yk’k dks ugha Mkyk x;k gksA ysfdu ek= blh vk/kkj ij
vfHk;kstu i{k ds iwjs izdj.k ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl laca/k esa
fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us Hkh vfHkys[k ij vkbZ laiw.kZ lk{; dh fLFkfr dks
ns[krs gq, foospu vkSj fo’ys”k.k djrs gq, mDr rF; izekf.kr Hkh ekuk gSA
18.13. mi;qZDrkuqlkj ;g izekf.kr ik;k tkrk gS fd e`rdk ‘P’ dks
vafre ckj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr vius lkFk ys x;k Fkk vkSj blds i’pkr~
mldh yk’k gh feyh Fkh ,oa bl njfe;ku e`rdk dks fdlh vU; O;fDr ds
lkFk ns[kk x;k gks] ,slh Hkh vfHkys[k ij dksbZ lk{; ugha gSA ifj.kkeLo:i]
;g lkfcr gks tkrk gS fd ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus esa dksbZ
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vuko’;d foyEc ugha gqvk Fkk vkSj e`rdk vafre ckj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
ds lkFk gh xbZ FkhA
e`rdk ‘P’ dh mez ckcr lk{;
19. izLrqr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ij vU; vijk/kksa ds
vkjksi ds lkFk&lkFk /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk
laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds vijk/k dk Hkh vkjksi gS vkSj bls izekf.kr djus
ds fy, vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd e`rdk ‘P’ dh mez ?kVuk ds
le; 12 o”kZ ls de dh FkhA bl laca/k esa e`rdk ‘P’ dh ekrk ih-MCY;q-04
‘N’ us viuh lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd mlds pkj cky&cPps gSa] ftuesa ls
rhu yM+fd;ka o yM+dk gSA lcls cM+h yM+dh dk uke ‘J’, mlls NksVh
‘S’] mlls NksVh ‘P’ o lcls NksVk mldk yM+dk ‘B’ gSA ‘P’ d{kk rhu esa
i<+ jgh FkhA ‘P’ dh mez lkr o”kZ FkhA mldh iq=h dh tUefrfFk Ldwy esa
mlds ifr us fy[kokbZ FkhA bl xokg ls mldh mez ds laca/k esa izfrijh{k.k
esa dksbZ iz’u ugha iwNk x;kA
19.1. ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’] tks fd e`rdk ‘P’ dk firk gS] blus Hkh viuh
lk{; esa dgk fd mldh iq=h ‘P’ lFkkuh xkao dh ljdkjh Ldwy esa d{kk
rhu esa i<+ jgh FkhA mldh iq=h ‘P’ djhc 6&7 lky dh Fkh] ftldk
Ldwy esa izos’k djkrs le; mldh iq=h ds iSnk gksus dh rkjh[k dh iafMr us
tks tUei=h cukdj nh Fkh] ml vk/kkj ij mlus viuh iq=h dh tUe
rkjh[k Ldwy esa fy[kokbZ FkhA og vui<+ vkneh gS] blfy, mldh iq=h dh
tUe dh rkjh[k crk ugha ldrkA mlus viuh iq=h ‘P’ dk Ldwy esa tc
izos’k djok;k] rc izos’k QkWeZ ij mlus vaxwBk fd;k FkkA ftl izos’k QkWeZ
dh izekf.kr izfr izn’kZ ih-17 gS] ftl ij ,Dl LFkku ij mldk vaxwBk
fu’kkuh gSA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh dgk fd mldh iq=h ‘P’ dh vly tUei=h
og vkt lkFk ysdj ugha vk;k gS vkSj mldk fookg tc og 12 lky dk
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Fkk] rc gks x;k FkkA mldk eqdykok ‘kknh ds lkFk gh gks x;kA izfrijh{k.k
esa ;g Hkh dgk fd mlus viuh iq=h dh Ldwy esa tUe frfFk ekLVjth dks
crkbZ FkhA og ‘P’ dk izos’k djkus ds fy, iafMr th }kjk cukbZ xbZ
tUei=h lkFk ysdj x;k FkkA bl ckr dks xyr dgk fd Ldwy esa izos’k
vkosnu i= izn’kZ ih-17 esa fy[kh xbZ tUefrfFk vkSj tUei=h esa fy[kh xbZ
tUefrfFk esa dksbZ varj gksA
19.2. ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’] tks fd e`rdk dk nknk gS] blus Hkh viuh
lk{; esa crk;k fd ‘D’ dh iq=h ‘P’ 06 lky dh gS vkSj bl lanHkZ esa bl
xokg ls izfrijh{k.k esa dksbZ fo’ks”k rF; ugha vk;k gSA
19.3. ih-MCY;q-07 thrjke us viuh lk{; esa crk;k gS fd og fnukad
22-09-2021 dks dk;Zokgd iz/kkuk/;kid ds in ij jktdh; mPp izkFkfed
fo|ky;] lFkkuh esa dk;Zjr FkkA ml fnu iqfyl Fkkuk iknwdyka ds izfrosnu
ij Nk=k ‘P’ iq=h ‘D’ fuoklh dsfj;k ekdMk dk tUe izek.k i= fo|ky;
fjdkWMZ ds vuqlkj mlds }kjk tkjh fd;k x;kA mlds }kjk tkjh tUe
izek.k i= izn’kZ ih-18 gS] ftl ij , ls ch mlds gLrk{kj gSa o lh ls Mh
Hkkx esa Nk=k dh tUe fnukad 02-07-2013 vafdr gSA Nk=k dk fo|ky;
izos’k vkosnu i= izn’kZ ih-17@1 gS] ftldh izekf.kr izfr i=koyh ij
izn’kZ ih-17 gS] ftl ij ,Dl LFkku ij Nk=k ds vfHkHkkod ‘D’ dh vaxwBk
fu’kkuh gS] o , ls ch Hkkx esa Nk=k ‘P’ dh tUe fnukad 02-07-2013 vafdr
gSA Nk= izos’k jftLVj izn’kZ ih-19 gS] ftldh izekf.kr izfr izn’kZ ih-19@1
gSA izn’kZ ih-19 esa Øekad 1541 ij , ls ch Hkkx esa Nk=k ‘P’ dk fooj.k o
tUefnukad 02-07-2013 vafdr gS rFkk izn’kZ ih-19@1 esa lh ls Mh Hkkx esa
Nk= izos’k jftLVj dh QksVksizfr mlds }kjk izekf.kr djus ds :i esa
gLrk{kj gSA xokg us vius izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh bl ckr dks lgh crk;k fd
fnukad 04-07-2019 dks og bl fo|ky; esa inLFkkfir Fkk] ysfdu og
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iz/kkuk/;kid ds in ij inLFkkfir ugha FkkA xokg us vius izfrijh{k.k
esa ;g Li”V fd;k fd izn’kZ ih-17 fo|ky; izos’k vkosnu i= rRdkyhu
iz/kkuk/;kid jkekorkj ds funsZ’ku esa mlds }kjk Hkjk x;k FkkA bl xokg
ls izfrijh{k.k ds nkSjku foLr`r :i ls iz’u Hkh iwNs x, Fks] ijarq lk{;
ls ;g Li”V gS fd izn’kZ ih-17 blh ds }kjk rRdkyhu le; ds
iz/kkuk/;kid ds funsZ’ku esa gh Hkjk x;k Fkk vkSj ftl le; mDr xokg ds
dFku ys[kc) fd, x, Fks] rc ;g dk;Zokgd iz/kkuk/;kid ds in ij Hkh
dk;Zjr FkkA ih-MCY;q-07 thrjke ds izfrijh{k.k ds vuqlkj blds lkeus gh
e`rdk ‘P’ ds firk ‘D’ us izos’k vkosnu i= izn’kZ ih-17 ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh
Hkh dh Fkh vkSj vk/kkj dkMZ Hkh ekaxk x;k Fkk] ysfdu og miyC/k ugha FkkA
lkFk gh ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k fd ‘P’ us fnukad 04-07-2019 dks izos’k ysus ds
ckn tqykbZ 2020 rd izFke d{kk ikl dj yh Fkh vkSj fQj tqykbZ 2020 ls
vizsy 2021 rd nwljh d{kk ikl dj yh vkSj fQj ljdkjh vkns’k ls
dksjksuk ok;jl ds izdksi ds dkj.k ,oa nwljh d{kk ds l= ds le; Ldwysa
can gksus ds dkj.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vxyh d{kk ds fy, izeksV fd;k x;k]
blfy, ljdkjh vkns’k ds vuqlkj fnukad 01-04-2021 dks e`rdk dks rhljh
d{kk esa izeksV dj fn;k x;k FkkA ?kVuk ds fnu fnukad 20-09-2021 dks
e`rdk rhljh d{kk esa i<+ jgh FkhA xokg us ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k fd ljdkjh
fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk 1 ls 8 rd dksbZ Qhl ugha yxrh gS] blfy, e`rdk ls
dksbZ Qhl ugha yh xbZ Fkh vkSj ,l-vkj- jftLVj izn’kZ ih-19 ds ist uacj
07 dh leLr izfof”V;ka xokg us viuh dyeh ¼gLrys[k½ gksuk crk;k gSA
xokg us ;g Hkh dgk fd ,slk jftLVj iz/kkuk/;kid dh vfHkj{kk esa jgrk gS
vkSj vkWfQl ds vkns’k ds vuqlkj mlds }kjk izfof”V;ka dh tkrh FkhA
19.4. e`rdk ds firk ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ }kjk nh xbZ lk{; dk fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; us Hkh lgh :i ls foospu nsdj viuk fu”d”kZ Hkh fn;k gS
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
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vkSj tgka ekSf[kd lk{; o nLrkosth lk{; esa FkksM+k fojks/kkHkkl Hkh vkrk gS]
rks ml fLFkfr esa nLrkosth lk{; dks vf/kd egRo Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
e`rdk ds firk us ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k Fkk fd iafMr th us tks tUei=h
e`rdk dh cukbZ Fkh] mlh ds vk/kkj ij gh Ldwy esa e`rdk dh tUefrfFk
fy[kokbZ xbZ FkhA bl fLFkfr esa tks e`rdk ‘P’ dk izos’k vkosnu i= izn’kZ
ih-17] iz/kkuk/;kid }kjk tkjh tUe izek.k i= izn’kZ ih-18] LdkWyj jftLVj
izn’kZ ih-19 ,oa ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’] ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’] ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’] o
ih-MCY;q-07 thrjke dh ekSf[kd lk{; ds lkFk&lkFk fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; us fd’kksj U;k; ¼ckydksa dh ns[kjs[k ,oa laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e] 2015
dh /kkjk 94 ds izko/kkuksa dh Hkh O;k[;k djrs gq, viuk fu”d”kZ fn;k gSA
19.5. mi;qZDr lk{; ds lkFk&lkFk ih-MCY;q-23 MkWDVj f’konku jke]
ih-MCY;q-24 MkWDVj Lokfr fnokdj o ih-MCY;q-25 MkWDVj vfuy dqekj ls
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk }kjk izfrijh{k.k esa fuEu iz’u Hkh
fd;k x;k Fkk %&
iz’u & ;g ckr lgh gS fd e`rdk ds otkbuk ls vkius dksbZ
cky fjdoj ugha fd, \
mRrj & ihfM+rk ds tuukaxksa dk ijh{k.k djus ij mlds dksbZ
cky mxs gq, ugha Fks vkSj vU; dksbZ cky ihfM+rk ds tuukaxksa ij
ugha FksA
19.6. bl izdkj mi;qZDr lk{; ls ;g rF; Lohd`r gks tkrk gS fd
e`rdk ‘P’ ds tuukaxksa ij I;wfcd gs;j ugha Fks] tks ;g bl rF; dh iqf”V
djrk gS fd e`rdk vo’; gh 12 o”kZ ls de mez dh ckfydk FkkA lkFk gh
vfHkys[k ij e`rdk ‘P’ ds QksVksxzkQ izn’kZ ih-23 ls izn’kZ ih-27 Hkh lk{;
ds nkSjku is’k fd, x, gSa vkSj bu QksVksxzkQ dks ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag us
igpkuk Hkh gSA lkFk gh ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag us Hkh mDr QksVksxzkQ e`rdk
‘P’ ds gh gksus crk;k gSA QnZ ryk’k o fujh{k.k vcks/k ckfydk izn’kZ
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
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ih-04] QnZ lwjr&,&gky yk’k izn’kZ ih-05 ,oa QnZ lqiqnZxhukek yk’k izn’kZ
ih-06 Hkh e`rdk ‘P’ dh yk’k ds laca/k esa gS] tks fd e`rdk ds firk
ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ dh mifLFkfr esa cuk, x, FksA bu nLrkostksa ,oa QksVksxzk¶l
ls Hkh e`rdk ‘P’ dh mez 7&8 o”kZ ls T;knk gksuk izdV ugha gksrk gSA
e`rdk dh mez ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us Hkh
viuh cgl esa dksbZ fo’ks”k ckr ugha dgh gSA bl fLFkfr esa lk{; ls ;g
rF; fufoZokn :i ls LFkkfir gks tkrk gS fd e`rdk ‘P’ dh tks tUefrfFk
Ldwy fjdkWMZ ds vuqlkj fnukad 02-07-2013 crkbZ xbZ gS] ml fglkc
ls ?kVuk ds le; e`rdk ‘P’ dh mez 08 o”kZ ls dqN vf/kd gh FkhA vFkkZr~
;g rF; izekf.kr gS fd e`rdk 12 o”kZ ls de vk;q dh ckfydk FkhA
QnZ tCrh] cjkenxh] iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ] esfMdy] ,Q-,l-,y- o
Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ
20. ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ }kjk izn’kZ ih-02 fjiksVZ ntZ djokus
ds i’pkr~ tc fnukad 21-09-2021 dh jkr ds 2-00 cts e`rdk ‘P’ dh yk’k
cjken gqbZ vkSj pwafd e`rdk ‘P’ dks vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr mlds ?kj ls vius
lkFk ysdj x;k Fkk] bl fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, gh ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’,
ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’ o ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ dk viuh lk{; esa ;g dguk gS fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us gh e`rdk ‘P’ ds lkFk cykRdkj djds mldh gR;k
dj nh FkhA izn’kZ ih-04 QnZ ryk’k o fujh{k.k vcks/k ckfydk ‘P’ fnukad
21-09-2021 dks 2-00 ,-,e- dh gS vkSj bl QnZ ds vuqlkj ifjoknh ‘D’
vkSj mlds iM+kSlh fgEerkjke ds [ksr dh lhao ij ‘P’ e`r voLFkk esa feyh
Fkh] ftlds nksuksa gkFk o iSj Åij dh rjQ eqM+s gq, Fks] ukd o xys ij
pksV ds fu’kku gksdj usdj ,oa Vh&’kVZ igus gq, Fkh vkSj diM+ksa ij
txg&txg [kwu yxk gqvk FkkA bl fjiksVZ esa bl ckr dk mYys[k gS fd
jkf= dk le; gksus o ykbV dh iw.kZ O;oLFkk ugha gksus ls ifjfLFkfro’k ‘ko
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dks dCtk iqfyl fy;k vkSj ‘ko ysdj jktdh; fpfdRlky; iknwdyka jokuk
gq,A bl QnZ esa mYysf[kr mDr rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij gh vihykFkhZ ds
vf/koDrk dk dguk gS fd loZizFke tc QnZ izn’kZ ih-04 ds tfj, e`rdk
dk ‘ko feyk Fkk] rc mlds nksuksa gkFk o iSj Åij dh rjQ eqM+s gq, FksA
vr% bl fLFkfr esa ;fn e`rdk ds gkFkksa esa dksbZ cky ik, tkrs] rks mldk
mYys[k bl QnZ esa gksuk pkfg, FkkA vr% i’pkr~orhZ LVst ij tks e`rdk ds
gkFk ls cky tCr djuk crk;k x;k gS] ml ij lansg O;Dr fd;k x;kA
20.1. mDr rdZ ds laca/k esa QnZ izn’kZ ih-04 ds voyksdu ls ;g
LI”V gksrk gS fd blesa tks e`rdk ds gkFk o iSj Åij dh rjQ eqM+s gksuk
crk;k gS] blesa Li”Vr;k bl ckr dk mYys[k ugha gS fd e`rdk ds gkFk
[kqyh gqbZ voLFkk esa gksA lkFk gh tgka yk’k iM+h Fkh] ogka jkf= dk le;
Fkk] blfy, gh ‘ko dks ysdj loZizFke jktdh; fpfdRlky;] iknwdyka Hkstk
x;k FkkA vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj bl izdj.k esa ;g ugha dgk x;k Fkk
fd e`rdk ‘P’ ds gkFkksa esa cgqr lkjs cky jgs gksa] tks jkf= ds le; Hkh
ns[kus ek= ls Li”V fn[k tkrs gksa] cfYd dqN cky e`rdk ds gkFk dh eqÎh
can gksus ls mlesa ik, x, Fks vkSj bl fLFkfr dks QnZ izn’kZ ih-05 esa Li”V
fd;k x;k gS] tks fd jktdh; fpfdRlky;] iknwdyka esa rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
mDr QnZ esa ;g rF; Hkh vk;k gS fd e`rdk ds yky Vh&’kVZ o vklekuh
jax dk ik;tkek iguk gqvk gSA flj esa cky NksVs gSaA e`rdk ds ‘kjhj ij
nkfgus rjQ ukd ds ikl [kjksap ls [kwu vk;k gqvk gS] o xys esa xyk nckus
ds dkj.k fu’kku cus gq, gSaA dkys /kCcs cus gq, gSaA e`rdk dh eqÎh o
uk[kwuksa esa cky Qals gq, gSaA bl izdkj ;g Li”V gS fd dqN cky] tks
e`rdk dh eqÎh o uk[kwuksa esa Qals gq, Fks] ;g fLFkfr QnZ izn’kZ ih-04 ds
tfj, jkf= esa tgka ekSds ij ykbV dh iw.kZ O;oLFkk ugha Fkh vkSj ‘ko dks
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dCtk iqfyl ysdj igys lh/ks jktdh; fpfdRlky; izsf”kr dj fn;k x;k
Fkk] ckn esa izn’kZ ih-05 ‘ko dk fujh{k.k djus ij gh fLFkfr Li”V gqbZ FkhA
20.2. ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’ us Hkh viuh lk{; esa ;g Li”V fd;k gS fd
mldh iq=h flj ij pksVh ugha j[krh Fkh] NksVs&NksVs cky Fks] mlds QkSth
dfVax Vkbi cky FksA ih-MCY;q-05 ‘K’ us Hkh izfrijh{k.k esa bl ckr dks
xyr dgk fd mldh iq=h ‘P’ nks pksfV;ka djrh gksa] cfYd mldh vaxqyh
ftrus gh yacs cky FksA ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ us Hkh viuh lk{; ds nkSjku ;g
dgk gS fd jkr dks mlus viuh iq=h ds ukd dh nkfguh rjQ pksV ns[kh
Fkh] fQj og csgks’kh dh gkyr esa gks x;k FkkA lqcg mlus viuh iq=h ds
‘kjhj ij xys esa pksV ns[khA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh dgk fd ihfM+rk ds ukd ds
ikl [kjksap FkhA mlds xys ij xyk nckus dk fu’kku FkkA mldh iq=h ‘P’
ds cky NksVs&NksVs FksA ‘P’ ds gkFkksa dh eqÎh esa cky feys Fks] ftudh yackbZ
xokg us b’kkjk djds vaxqyhHkj gksuk crk;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd ihfM+rk dh
eqÎh esa feys gq, cky] ftuesa ,d eqÎh esa 5&7 o nwljh eqÎh esa 2&4 cky
FksA bl ckr dks Hkh lgh crk;k fd Tokj ds ikS/ks ls Hkh cky fy, FksA QnZ
tCrh cky izn’kZ ih-10 ds vuqlkj Hkh fnukad 21-09-2021 dks 10%00 ,-,e-
ij fpfdRlky; iknwdyka ds ekspZjh :e esa e`rdk dh eqfÎ;ksa dh vaxqfy;ksa
esa cky Qals gq, Fks] tks fd djhc 8&10 ls-eh- yacs Fks] tks la[;k esa dqy 20
cky Fks] mudks tCr djrs gq, lhycan djds ekdZ ^ch* vafdr fd;k x;k
FkkA
20.3. vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq] ftlus fd ekSds
ij gh QnZ izn’kZ ih-04 QnZ cukbZ Fkh vkSj e`rdk ‘P’ ds gkFkksa dh nksuksa can
eqfÎ;ksa esa ls cky Hkh ysdj lhycan djrs gq, bldh Hkh QnZ izn’kZ ih-10
cukbZ FkhA bl xokg ds vuqlkj blus fnukad 21-09-2021 dh jkr dks le;
2%00 ,-,e- ij tc yk’k feyh Fkh] rks mls ih-,p-lh-] iknwdyka dh ekspZjh
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ij j[kok;k FkkA fQj lqcg djhc 6%30 cts ,e-vks-ch- bapktZ t;ukjk;.k
gSM dkaLVscy o eksckby Qksjsafld ;wfuV] ukxkSj ds izHkkjh euh”k dqekj ekS;Z
e; Vhe ?kVukLFky ij igqapsA ,e-vks-ch- bapktZ vkSj eksckby
Qksjsafld ;wfuV bapktZ e; Vhe o iqfyl tkiÙks }kjk tgka e`rdk ‘P’ dh
yk’k feyh] mlds vklikl ds {ks=ksa esa fujh{k.k fd;k x;k vkSj QksVksxzkQh
dh xbZ rFkk ?kVukLFky dks lqjf{kr djokdj ,e-vks-ch- o Qksjsafld Vhe
gkWfLiVy iknwdyka le; djhc 8-30 cts igqaph FkhA ekspZjh esa ,e-vks-ch- o
QksjsaflV Vhe us e`rdk dh yk’k dh QksVksxzkQh dh vkSj iksLVekVZe ds le;
gh mlds igus gq, ik’pkr~ ¼diM+s½ o gkFkksa dh eqfÎ;ksa esa Qals cky tCr
djrs gq, lhycan fd, x, FksA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh bl xokg ls ;g iz’u
fd;k x;k fd QnZ izn’kZ ih-11 QnZ tCrh [kwu vkywnk feÍh o lknk feÍh
Hks#jke ds [ksr esa gksus ckcr vkidks lwpuk fdlus nh Fkh] rc xokg us
mRrj fn;k fd ukxkSj ls ,Q-,l-,y- o ,e-vks-ch- Vhe ekSds ij vkbZ Fkh]
vkSj vklikl ds [ksrksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k Fkk] rc Hks#jke ds [ksr esa [kwu
vkywnk feÍh o vkykekr feyus ij mDr Vhe }kjk ?kVukLFky dks lqjf{kr
fd;k tkdj mls lwpuk nh xbZA xokg us bl ckr dks lgh crk;k gS fd
Tokj ds ikS/ks ds ,d iÙks ds vykok dgha vU; txg ij cky ugha ik, x,A
bl xokg ls izn’kZ ih-66 QksVksxzkQ ckcr Hkh ;g iz’u iwNk x;k fd blesa
tks cky fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa muesa lHkh ckyksa dk ,d fljk ,d gh txg gS]
rc xokg us mRrj nsrs gq, dgk fd ;g dguk xyr gSA vt[kqn dgk fd
cky fc[kjs gq, FksA bl xokg ls ;g iz’u Hkh fd;k x;k fd tgka ij mls
yk’k feyh Fkh] mlh LFkku ij dgha [kwu ugha Fkk] blds mRrj esa xokg us
bls lgh gksuk crk;kA
20.4. ih-MCY;q-08 t;ukjk;.k us Hkh viuh lk{; esa dgk gS fd og
fnukad 21-09-2021 dks ,l-ih- vkWfQl] ukxkSj esa gSM dkaLVscy ds in ij
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dk;Zjr Fkk vkSj ml jkst daVªksy :e] ukxkSj ls bfRryk feyh Fkh fd iqfyl
Fkkuk iknwdyka esa ukckfyx ckfydk dk nq”deZ gqvk gS] izdj.k esa ekSds dh
dk;Zokgh ds fy, igqapsA bl ij ;g Lo;a ,oa ,Q-,l-,y- Vhe ds lnL;
Fkkukf/kdkjh] iknwdyka ls laidZ djrs gq, ?kVukLFky ij igqaps vkSj ekSds ij
tkdj ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k Hkh fd;k] QksVksxzkQh Hkh dh xbZ
vkSj ?kVukLFky [ksr esa [kstM+h ds ikl nks infpà lafnX/k O;fDr ds ik,
x,A ,d infpà nk;ka iSj ds lSaMy dk ?kVukLFky dh rjQ vkrs gq, dk
ckyw feÍh ij ik;k x;k vkSj nwljk infpà ck;ka iSj ds lSaMy ?kVukLFky
ls tkrs gq, dk ik;k x;kA mudh Hkh fMthVy dSejs ls QksVksxzkQh dh
xbZA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh blls iz’u fd;k x;k fd vkidks dSls irk pyk fd
eqyfte us lSaMy igu j[ks gSa] rc xokg us mRrj fn;k fd ekSds ij lSaMy
tSls gh infpà ik, x,] blfy, ml vk/kkj ij mlus lafnX/k eqyfte ds
igus gq, lSaMy ls feyku dk fy[kk gSA
20.5. ih-MCY;q-01 guqeku flag] ih-MCY;q-02 :i flag o ih-MCY;q-03
‘kadj flag dh lk{; ds vuqlkj muds le{k e`rdk dh yk’k dk iapukek
izn’kZ ih-01 cuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj bUgksaus yk’k dks Hkh ns[kk Fkk] ftlds cky
Hkh T;knk yacs ugha Fks vkSj mlds xys o ukd ij pksV Fkh] gkFk dh eqfÎ;ka
Hkh can FkhA ih-MCY;q-03 ‘kadj flag us rks ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k gS fd ‘P’ ds
gkFk can Fks vkSj mldh eqfÎ;ksa esa NksVs&NksVs cky FksA
20.6. ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag o ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag cjkenxh ds
laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ xokgku gS vkSj buds le{k izn’kZ ih-01 ls izn’kZ ih-27
rd dh dk;Zokgh Hkh dh xbZ FkhA mDr nksuksa gh xokgku ds dFkuksa ds
vuqlkj izn’kZ ih-01 ds tfj, e`rdk dh yk’k dk iapukek cuk;k x;k Fkk
vkSj izn’kZ ih-04 ds tfj, e`rdk dh yk’k feyus ds i’pkr~ bldh QnZ
lwjr&,&gky yk’k izn’kZ ih-05 rS;kj djrs gq, e`rdk dh yk’k dks izn’kZ
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ih-06 ds tfj, lqiqnZ Hkh fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ?kVukLFky dk uD’kk ekSdk
vkSj gkykr ekSdk izn’kZ ih-07 o izn’kZ ih-08 Hkh rS;kj fd, x, FksA e`rdk
‘P’ ds igus gq, diM+s Hkh tCr djrs gq, bldh QnZ izn’kZ ih-09 cukrs gq,
mlds gkFk dh nksuksa eqfÎ;ksa esa tks cky Fks] mUgsa Hkh ,d lQsn dkxt dh
iwM+h cukdj] /kkxs ls cka/kdj fyQkQs esa j[kdj diM+s dh FkSyh esa Mkydj
lhy eksgj djrs gq, bldh QnZ Hkh izn’kZ ih-10 cukbZ xbZ FkhA iqfyl
us ?kVukLFky ls [kwu vkywnk feÍh o lknk feÍh ysdj] ,d dkxt ds
fyQkQs esa Mkydj] lQsn diM+s dh FkSyh esa Mkydj lhy eksgj djrs gq,
bldh QnZ Hkh izn’kZ ih-11 cukbZ FkhA ?kVukLFky ds [ksr esa Hkh Tokj ds
ikS/ks ds iÙks ij yxs cky Hkh iqfyl us tCr djrs gq, ,d lQsn dkxt esa
j[kdj] iwM+h cukdj] /kkxs ls cka/kdj [kkyh fyQkQs esa j[krs gq, diM+s dh
FkSyh esa lhy eksgj dj bldh QnZ Hkh izn’kZ ih-12 cukbZ FkhA ?kVukLFky
ij tks mYVh dh gqbZ feyh Fkh] mldh feÍh Hkh tCr djrs gq,] dkxt dh
iwM+h esa cka/kdj] [kkdh fyQkQs esa Mkydj lQsn diM+s dh FkSyh esa lhy
eksgj dj bldh QnZ izn’kZ ih-13 ,oa ikjys fcfLdV daiuh ds [kkyh jsij
dks Hkh tCr djrs gq, bldh QnZ izn’kZ ih-14 cukbZ Fkh] ftls Hkh lhycan
fd;k x;kA ?kVukLFky ij tks [kkyh IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ka Hkh feyh Fkh]
ftUgsa Hkh izn’kZ ih-15 ds tfj, tCr fd;k x;k FkkA ekSds ij tks lafnX/k
O;fDr ds infpà feys Fks] mldh Hkh QksVksxzkQh dh xbZ Fkh] ftldh QnZ
izn’kZ ih-16 o QksVksxzkQ izn’kZ ih-21 ls izn’kZ ih-27 gksuk dFku fd;kA
nksuksa gh xokgksa us QnksZa ij vius gLrk{kj gksuk Hkh dFku fd;k gSA
20.7. izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag us bl ckr dks lgh
crk;k gS fd iapukek izn’kZ ih-01 mlds lkeus iqfylokyksa us rS;kj fd;k
vkSj QnZ izn’kZ ih-04 jkr dks 2-00 cts cukbZ xbZ FkhA xokg us ;g Hkh
Li”V fd;k fd vxys fnu lqcg rkjh[k 21 gks xbZ FkhA U;k;ky; }kjk bl
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xokg ls ;g Hkh iz’u fd;k x;k fd& fgEerkjke ds [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ tks
rkjcanh gS vkSj ‘D’ ds [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ tks rkjcanh dh gqbZ gS] mu rkjksa
ds chp esa ls fudydj dksbZ vkneh nwljh rjQ tk ldrk gS D;k \ rc
xokg us mRrj fn;k fd& gka] tk ldrk gSA xokg us ;g Hkh crk;k fd ‘P’
dh eqÎh esa tks cky Fks] oks 5&7 cky Fks] vk/kh vaxqyh ftrus yacs Fks vkSj
Tokj ds iÙks ij cky nks iÙkksa ij Fks] ;s 5&10 cky FksA tehu ij dksbZ
cky ugha FksA ‘P’ ds flj ds cky NksVs&NksVs Fks] gkFk ds b’kkjs ls crk;k
fd mlds cky gkFk esa ugha vkrs FksA ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag us Hkh
izfrijh{k.k esa ;g LI”V fd;k fd iqfyl us mlds lkeus gkWfLiVy esa ‘P’
dh eqÎh ls cky cjken fd, FksA Tokj ds ikS/ks ls iqfyl us mlds lkeus
cky tCr fd, FksA
20.8. bl izdkj mDr nksuksa xokgku izn’kZ ih-01 ls izn’kZ ih-27 rd
iqfyl }kjk tks laiw.kZ dk;Zokgh djrs gq, QksVksxzkQ Hkh fy, x, Fks] mu
laiw.kZ dk;Zokfg;ksa dk viuh lk{; esa leFkZu djrs gSa vkSj ;g Hkh Li”V
djrs gSa fd e`rdk dh can eqÎh esa tks cky feys Fks] muds
vykok ?kVukLFky ij Hkh Tokj ds ikS/ks ij tks cky feys Fks] mudks
iqfyl }kjk tCr djrs gq, lhycan fd;k x;k FkkA lkFk gh e`rdk ‘P’ ds
tks cky Fks] og cgqr NksVs Fks tks gkFk esa Hkh ugha vkrs FksA tSlk fd e`rdk
dh ekrk ih-MCY;q-04 ‘N’ us Hkh Li”V fd;k gS fd e`rdk ‘P’ ds cky QkSth
Vkbi FksA e`rdk ds tks QksVksxzkQ izn’kZ ih-23] izn’kZ ih-24] izn’kZ ih-25 o
izn’kZ ih-27 gSa] muesa Hkh e`rdk ds flj ds cky NksVs fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA bl
fLFkfr esa ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS fd e`rdk dh can eqÎh esa ,oa ?kVukLFky
vkSj Tokj dh Qly ds iÙks ij tks cky feys Fks] os brus cM+s Fks fd Lo;a
e`rdk ‘P’ ds ugha gks ldrs FksA vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ds vuqlkj Qksjsafld
Vhe Hkh ekSds ij vkbZ FkhA bl izdkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX;
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (63 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
vf/koDrk dk ;g dguk Lohdkj ;ksX; ugha gS fd ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag
vkSj ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag dh lk{; ls tCrh dh tks dk;Zokgh dh xbZ Fkh]
mldk leFkZu ugha gksrk gksA
20.9. cgl ds nkSjku vihykFkhZ ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dk ;g Hkh dguk
gS fd ftl le; ?kVukLFky dk uD’kk o gkykr ekSdk izn’kZ ih-07 o izn’kZ
ih-08 dk cuk;k x;k] rc rd vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh Hkh ugha gqbZ FkhA ,slh
fLFkfr esa ifjoknh dh fu’kkunsgh ls ;g dSls irk pyk fd ogh ?kVukLFky
gSA bl rdZ ds laca/k esa Hkh QnZ izn’kZ ih-07 uD’kk uacj 01 fnukad
21-09-2021 dks le; 11%50 ,-,e- ij vkSj QnZ izn’kZ ih-08 uD’kk ekSdk
uacj 02 fnukad 21-09-2021 dks le; 12%30 ih-,e- ij cuk gqvk gS vkSj
vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dh lk{; ds vuqlkj Hkh ifjoknh ‘P’ vkSj fgEerkjke ds
[ksr dh lhao ij fnukad 21-09-2021 dh jkr dks 2-00 cts gh e`rdk dh
yk’k fey xbZ FkhA lkFk gh tc Qksjsafld ;wfuV }kjk Hkh xgurk ls
vklikl ds LFkkuksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k x;k] rc mUgksaus Hks#jke ds [ksr esa
tks ekSds dh fLFkfr Li”V gqbZ Fkh] mldk mYys[k gh fd;k x;k gSA vr%
bl fLFkfr esa ;g dguk fd ?kVukLFky dk irk vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh ls
iwoZ iqfyl dks ugha gks ldrk] ;g rdZ Lohdkj ;ksX; ugha gSA
20.10. ;|fi cpko i{k ;g vo’; dg ldrk Fkk fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh ds i’pkr~ QnZ izn’kZ ih-28 ,oa izn’kZ
ih-29 ds tfj, vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij tks ?kVukLFky dh
rLnhd djokbZ xbZ Fkh] og lk{; esa Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gS]
D;ksafd bUgha LFkkuksa dh iwoZ ls gh izn’kZ ih-07 ,oa izn’kZ ih-08 ds tfj,
iqfyl dks tkudkjh Fkh vkSj bl fLFkfr esa fdUgha u, rF;ksa dk izdVhdj.k
(Discovery of fact) ugha gqvk FkkA
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (64 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
20.11. bl izdkj QnZ izn’kZ ih-07 o izn’kZ ih-08 ds tfj, tc
vuqla/kku ds nkSjku fLFkfr Li”V gqbZ Fkh] rks mldk fujh{k.k djrs gq, tks
uD’kk ekSdk cuk;k x;k Fkk] og vfHk;qDr dh fu’kkunsgh ls gh cuk;k tkuk
vko’;d gks] ;g t:jh ugha FkkA D;ksafd ih-MCY;q-19 euh”k dqekj] tks fd
fnukad 21-09-2021 dks izHkkjh Qksjsafld eksckby ;wfuV] ukxkSj esa inLFkkfir
Fkk vkSj ?kVuk dh lwpuk feyus ij ;g Lo;a ,e-vks-ch- Vhe ds lkFk ekSds
ij Hkh x;k Fkk] tgka ?kVukLFky Hks#jke ds [ksr vkSj vklikl dh txg dk
xgurk ls fujh{k.k Hkh fd;k FkkA xokg ds vuqlkj ?kVukLFky Hks#jke ds
[ksr esa Tokj dh Qly ds chp esa feÎh esa jDr dh mifLFkfr vkSj Tokj ds
ikS/ks dh ifÙk;ksa ij cky dh mifLFkfr ikbZ xbZA lkFk gh ikl esa nks lQsn
jax dh ikWfyFkhu ,oa ikjys th fcfLdV dk jsij Hkh iM+k gqvk Fkk vkSj mYVh
djus ds Hkh vo’ks”k ik, x, FksA vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dh lk{; ds vuqlkj
eksckby Qksjsafld ;wfuV ukxkSj o ,e-vks-ch- Vhe }kjk mUgsa lg;ksx Hkh
fd;k x;k FkkA ?kVukLFky fujh{k.k fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-51 esa ekSds ij tks
gkykr ik, x, Fks] mudk foLr`r :i ls o.kZr djrs gq,] ?kVukLFky ds
fMthVy dSejs ls QksVks Hkh [khaprs gq, izn’kZ ih-52 ls izn’kZ ih-71 is’k Hkh
fd, x, FksA bl izdkj tc xgurk ls ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k fd;k x;k
vkSj izn’kZ ih-68 esa of.kZrkuqlkj Hks#jke ds [ksr esa tks fLFkfr ikbZ xbZ Fkh]
ml fLFkfr dk gh mYys[k ih-MCY;q-19 euh”k dqekj us Hkh fd;k gSA bl
xokg ds izfrijh{k.k ds vuqlkj Hkh blls ;g Hkh iz’u fd;k x;k Fkk fd
tks QksVks izn’kZ ih-52 ls izn’kZ ih-71 [khaps x, Fks] muesa rkjh[k o le; dk
vadu ugha gS] bls Hkh xokg us Lohdkj djrs gq, U;k;ky; }kjk iz’u iwNs
tkus ij ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k fd fizaV fudkyrs le; rkjh[k o le; ugha
vkrk gS] ysfdu tks isuMªkbo is’k dh gS] mlesa rkjh[k o le; gSA bl
xokg us lk{; ds nkSjku [khaps x, QksVksxzkQ dks /kkjk 65ch lk{; vf/kfu;e
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (65 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
ds rgr izn’kZ ih-72 izek.k i= Hkh is’k djrs gq, vkfVZdy&3 isuMªkbo dks
Hkh is’k fd;k FkkA
20.12. bl izdkj xokg us viuh lk{; ds nkSjku vkfVZdy&3 ds
ekQZr isuMªkbo Hkh is’k dj nh Fkh] ftlesa mldk dguk Fkk fd QksVks [khaps
tkus dh rkjh[k vkSj le; mlesa gS] rks bl fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk isuMªkbo dk fujh{k.k dj ldrs Fks vkSj ;g dg ldrs
Fks fd mlesa rkjh[k vkSj le; dk ;fn vadu ugha ik;k tkrk rks bl ckr
dk ,rjkt dj ldrs FksA D;ksafd isuMªkbo ml le; U;k;ky; esa ekStwn Hkh
FkhA bl izdkj is’k fd, x, QksVksxzkQ esa rkjh[k o le; dk vadu ugha
gksus ek= ls Hkh ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS fd tks QksVks [khaps x,] os
rRdkyhu le; ds ugha gksA D;ksafd ;g rF; Li”V Fkk fd tks isuMªkbo esa
QksVksxzkQ is’k fd, x,] mlesa rkjh[k vkSj le; dk vadu FkkA
20.13. ih-MCY;q-09 Hkxoku flag o ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag] nksuksa gh
xokgksa dh lexz lk{; esa ;g rF; Hkh vk;k gS fd ?kVukLFky ls [kwu
vkywnk feÍh vkSj lknk feÍh tCr djrs gq, bldh QnZ izn’kZ ih-11 cukbZ
xbZ Fkh] vkSj cykRdkj fd, tkus ds LFky [ksr esa [kM+h Tokj dh Qly
ds ,d ikS/ks ds iÙks ij ik, x, cky dks Hkh tCr djrs gq, bldh QnZ
izn’kZ ih-12 cukbZ xbZ FkhA izn’kZ ih-12 ds voyksdu ls Hkh ;g Li”V gksrk
gS fd tks cky tCr fd, x, Fks] mudh yackbZ 8&9 ls-eh- FkhA ih-MCY;q-09
Hkxoku flag o ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag dh lk{; ls ;g rF; Hkh Li”V gqvk
Fkk fd ?kVukLFky ls ikjys th iSdsV ds [kkyh jsij dh tCrh izn’kZ ih-14
ds ekQZr vkSj nks [kkyh IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ksa dks Hkh tfj, QnZ izn’kZ ih-15
tCr djrs gq, dCtk iqfyl fy;k x;k FkkA ftu lafnX/k infpàksa dks ekSds
ij ik;k x;k Fkk] mudh Hkh QnZ izn’kZ ih-16 cukrs gq, izn’kZ ih-21 o izn’kZ
ih-22 infpàksa ds QksVksxzkQ Hkh fy, x, FksA ih-MCY;q-10 Hkaoj flag ds
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (66 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
izfrijh{k.k ds vuqlkj e`rdk ds firk ih-MCY;q-06 ‘D’ ds [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ
rkjcanh vkSj ckM+canh FkhA iqfyl }kjk igys e`rdk ds firk ds ?kj dk ekSdk
ns[kk x;k vkSj izn’kZ ih-05 esa of.kZrkuqlkj diM+s Hkh iqfyl }kjk ,d lQsn
diM+s dh FkSyh esa Mkydj lhycan fd, x, FksA Tokj ds ikS/ks ij tks cky
ik, x, Fks] og [ksr Hkh Hks#jke dk gh FkkA
20.14. vfHk;kstu i{k us izkjaHk esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk e`rdk
ds ?kj vkuk vkSj ml le; mlds gkFk esa fcfLdV vkSj dqjdqjs ds iSdsV
gksus dh ckr dgh gSA bl laca/k esa Hkh ih-MCY;q-13 psukjke dks Hkh lk{; esa
is’k fd;k x;k gS] ftlus viuh lk{; esa fnukad 20-09-2021 dks fnu esa
12&1 cts ds vklikl fnus’k dks mlds ikl vkdj 50 #i;s nsrs gq, nks
ikjys th ds fcfLdV] 10 #i;s dh pksdysV] 10 #i;s dk dqjdqjk] 10 #i;s
dk iku elkyk o 10 #i;s dh fejkt rackdw ysuk crk;k
gSA ;|fi ;g ,d fyad lk{; gS] ftlds vuqlkj vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g
dguk gS fd ;s lkeku ykus ds i’pkr~ gh tc vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds ?kj vk;k
Fkk] rc Hkh mlds gkFk esa dqjdqjs vkSj fcfLdV dk iSdsV FkkA
20.15. ?kVukLFky dh ohfM;ksxzkQh ds laca/k esa Hkh ih-MCY;q-16 xksfoan
dks is’k fd;k x;k gS] tks vfHk;qDr fnus’k }kjk iqfyl ds le{k ?kVukLFky
dh rLnhd djok, tkus ds oDr ohfM;ksxzkQh djuk crkrk gS vkSj
blds }kjk QnZ izn’kZ ih-37 ls lacaf/kr DVD vkfVZdy&1 rFkk isuMªkbo
vkfVZdy&2 dks Hkh lk{; ds nkSjku is’k fd;k x;kA
20.16. vihykFkhZ ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd ftl
le; vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj djus ds ckn mlds diM+s iqfyl us tCr
djuk dgk gS] ;g rF; lk{; ls lkfcr ugha gS] D;ksafd QnZ fxj¶rkjh izn’kZ
ih-74 esa diM+ksa esa dksbZ /kCcs ik, x, gksa ;k fdl izdkj ds diM+s Fks] bldk
Hkh mYys[k ugha gSA okLrfod :i ls ftu diM+ksa dh tCrh iqfyl us dh] os
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (67 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
diM+s igus gq, Hkh ugha FksA vr% bl vk/kkj ij tCrh ij lansg O;Dr
fd;kA
20.17. bl lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls Hkh izdV gksrk gS fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh QnZ fxj¶rkjh izn’kZ ih-74 fnukad 21-09-2021 dks
le; 4%31 ih-,e- dh gS vkSj ml oDr vfHk;qDr dh ‘kjhfjd cukoV vkSj
igus gq, diM+ksa dk gh o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ;g Hkh mYys[k gS fd
thal isaV] uhys jax dh vaMjfo;j] lQsn cfu;ku] pkSdM+hnkj deht] iSjksa esa
dkys jax ds lSaMy vkSj ,d dkys jax dk bLrsekyh eksckby gksus dk
mYys[k gSA pwafd bl oDr rd mlds diM+s igus gq, Fks] vr% diM+ksa dk gh
mYys[k gS] ftUgsa fd ckn esa izn’kZ ih-75] tks fd mlh fnu 4%40 ih-,e- ij
vFkkZr~ yxHkx 09 feuV ckn gh cukbZ xbZ Fkh] rc blesa mlds diM+s tc
[kqyokdj fy, x,] rc bl ckr dk mYys[k fd;k x;k Fkk fd thal isaV
dh psu ds ikl [kwu ds /kCcs yxs gq, gSa vkSj deht pkSdM+hnkj] ftlesa Hkh
txg&txg /kCcs fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA ,d vaMjfo;j bLrsekyh cjax vklekuh
ij Hkh vkxs dh rjQ [kwu o lheu tSls /kCcs fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa] ftUgsa
xksy ?ksjk djrs gq, lhycan dj ekdZ ‘I’ vafdr fd;k x;k FkkA bl izdkj
izkjaHk esa QnZ izn’kZ ih-74 esa laiw.kZ fLFkfr dk mYys[k gksuk vko’;d ugha
Fkk] ysfdu tc QnZ izn’kZ ih-75 ds tfj, diM+s [kqyokdj dCts esa fy,
x,] rc gh laiw.kZ fLFkfr] tks Li”V gqbZ Fkh] bldk bl QnZ esa mYys[k fd;k
x;k gSA bl izdj.k dh lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li”V gqvk gS fd tc vuqla/kku
vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq dks lwpuk feyh] og ekSds ij x;k vkSj
jkr ds 2%00 cts e`rdk dh yk’k cjken gqbZ] blds ckn vfHk;qDr dks <wa<+us
dk iz;kl fd;k] ysfdu og ugha feyk] ftldh vxys fnu fnukad
21-09-2021 dks ‘kke dks fxj¶rkjh gks ldhA bl fLFkfr esa ;g ekuk tk
ldrk gS fd vfHk;qDr iqfyl ds Hk; ls fNirk jgk gksxk vkSj bl fLFkfr esa
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (68 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
mls diM+s cnyus dk Hkh volj ugha feyk gksA ;fn ?kVuk ds dbZ fnuksa
ckn vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh dh tkrh vkSj mlds igus gq, diM+ksa dks gh
[kqyokdj tCrh dh tkrh] rc rks ;g ekuk tk ldrk Fkk fd oks ogh diM+s
dbZ fnuksa rd igus gq, ugha j[k ldrk FkkA cfYd vfHk;qDr us vius dFku
varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa ;g dgk gS fd& Þ eq>s 20-09-2021
dks le; 6 cts fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kAß tcfd mUgha dFkuksa esa iz’u
la[;k 29] tks fd ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq dh lk{; esa vfHk;qDr dh
fxj¶rkjh ds laca/k esa Fkk] blds mRrj esa vfHk;qDr us fxj¶rkj djuk rks
Lohdkj fd;k gS] ysfdu fnukad 20-09-2021 dks ‘kke 7%30 cts fxj¶rkj
djuk Lohdkj fd;k gSA bl izdkj Lo;a fd fxj¶rkjh ds laca/k esa vfHk;qDr
us gh vyx&vyx dFku fd, gSa] tcfd okLrfod :i ls QnZ fxj¶rkjh
izn’kZ ih-74 ls ;gh ik;k tkrk gS fd vfHk;qDr dks fnukad 21-09-2021 dks
le; 4%31 ih-,e- ij gh fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml oDr mlus tks
diM+s igu j[ks Fks] bldk mYys[k fd;k x;kA blds i’pkr~ tc mlds
diM+s [kqyokdj izn’kZ ih-75 ds tfj, tCr fd, x, vkSj mu diM+ksa ij tks
fLFkfr ikbZ xbZ Fkh] mldk gh o.kZu fd;k x;k FkkA oSls Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ;g dguk Hkh Lohdkj fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gS fd
mlus Fkkukf/kdkjh dks lkQ&lqFkjs diM+s fn, gksa vkSj ckn esa mlds diM+ksa
ij e`rdk ds diM+ksa ds jDr bR;kfn yxk fn, x, gksaA D;ksafd e`rdk ‘P’
dk iksLVekVZe fnukad 21-09-2021 dks lqcg 10%00 cts djrs gq, e`rdk dh
yk’k dks mlh fnu lqcg 11%00 cts ekrk&firk dks lqinZ dj fn;k x;k
FkkA tks fLFkfr izn’kZ ih-80 iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ rFkk QnZ lqiqnZxhukek yk’k
izn’kZ ih-06 ls Hkh Li”V gksrh gSA e`rdk ds diM+s izn’kZ ih-09 ds tfj,
fnukad 21-09-2021 dks 9%45 ,-,e- ij gh tCr djrs gq, lhy eksgj dj
fn, x, FksA tcfd vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh izn’kZ ih-74 ds vuqlkj fnukad
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:33 PM)
[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (69 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
21-09-2021 dks 4%31 ih-,e- ij gqbZ FkhA bl izdkj fxj¶rkjh ls iwoZ gh
e`rdk dh yk’k dk iksLVekVZe dj mls lqiqnZxh ij nsrs gq, diM+ksa dks tCr
dj lhycan dj fn;k x;k FkkA vr% bl fLFkfr esa ;g laHko ugha Fkk fd
e`rdk ds ‘kjhj ;k diM+ksa ij ls [kwu ;k ik, x, vU; lheu oxSjg
mBkdj vfHk;qDr ds diM+ksa ij yxk fn, tkrsA lkFk gh bl laca/k esa
Fkkukf/kdkjh ls vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh dksbZ jaft’k jgh gks] bl laca/k esa Hkh
dksbZ rF; vfHkys[k ij ugha gSA vfHk;qDr dh fxj¶rkjh ds i’pkr~ igus gq,
diM+ksa dks tCr djus ds rF; dh iqf”V ih-MCY;q-20 Hkwjkjke o ih-MCY;q-21
dyanj [kku dh lk{; ls Hkh gksrh gSA ;gka rd fd tc loZizFke
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks fxj¶rkj dj U;k;ky; ds le{k is’k fd;k x;k Fkk]
rc Hkh mlds }kjk dksbZ dFku ;k f’kdk;r Fkkukf/kdkjh dh ugha dh
xbZA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk vfHk;qDr ds lkQ&lqFkj
diM+s fy, tkus vFkok fxj¶rkjh ds ckn mlds diM+ksa ij dksbZ /kCcs ugha
ik, tkus ds tks dFku fd, x, gSa] os Lohdkj fd, tkus ds ;ksX; ugha gSA
20.18. izn’kZ ih-09 fnukad 21-09-2021 le; 9%45 ,-,e- ij e`rdk ds
diM+ksa dks tCr djrs gq, lhycan djrs gq, mu ij ekdZ ‘A’ vafdr fd;k
x;k FkkA izn’kZ ih-10 fnukad 21-09-2021 le; 10%00 ,-,e- ij e`rdk ds
nksuksa gkFkksa dh can eqfÎ;ksa ls tks cky feys Fks] mudks Hkh tCr dj lhy
eksgj djrs gq, ekdZ ‘B’ vafdr fd;k x;k FkkA izn’kZ ih-11 fnukad
21-09-2021 le; 1%10 ih-,e- ij [kwu vkywnk feÍh o lknk feÍh tCr dj
lhycan djrs gq, buds iSdsV ij Øekad ‘C’ o ‘D’ vafdr fd, x, FksA
izn’kZ ih-12 QnZ tCrh ?kVukLFky ds [ksr esa [kM+h Tokj ds ikS/ks ds iÙks ij
tks cky Fks] mUgsa Hkh fnukad 21-09-2021 dks 1%25 ih-,e- ij tCr dj
lhycan djrs gq, ekdZ ‘E’ vafdr fd;k x;k FkkA ?kVukLFky ij dh gqbZ
mYVh dh feÍh dks tfj, QnZ izn’kZ ih-13 fnukad 21-09-2021 dks 1%40
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ih-,e- ij tCr djrs gq, lhycan dj ekdZ ‘F’ vafdr fd;k x;k FkkA QnZ
izn’kZ ih-14 fnukad 21-09-2021 le; 1%55 ih-,e- ij tks ?kVukLFky ij
ikjys fcfLdV daiuh ds iSdsV dk [kkyh jsij feyk Fkk] mls Hkh tCr djrs
gq, ekdZ ‘G’ vafdr fd;k x;kA izn’kZ ih-15 fnukad 21-09-2021 le; 2%10
ih-,e- ij Hks#jke ds [ksr ?kVukLFky ls gh tks [kkyh IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ka
feyh Fkh] mudks Hkh lhycan djrs gq, ekdZ ‘H’ vafdr fd;k x;kA izn’kZ
ih-16 ds tfj, Hkh tks lafnX/k O;fDr ds lSaMy ds infpà ik, x, Fks]
ftuds ekdZ ‘A’ o ‘B’ vafdr djrs gq, fMthVy dSejs ls QksVksxzkQh dh xbZ
FkhA bl QnZ esa Hkh ;g funsZ’k fn, x, Fks fd tc vfHk;qDr fxj¶rkj gks
rc mlds igus gq, lSaMy dks QksVksxzkQ ls feyku gsrq fof/k foKku
iz;ksx’kkyk Hkstk tk,A bl izdkj bl QnZ esa pwafd rc rd vfHk;qDr dh
fxj¶rkjh ugha gqbZ Fkh] vr% ek= ,d vuqla/kku dk fgLlk cukrs gq, rF;ksa
dk gh mYys[k Fkk fd tc Hkh vfHk;qDr fxj¶rkj gks vkSj mlds lSaMy igus
gq, gks] rks fy, x, QksVksxzkQ ls feyku gsrq Hksts tk ldrs FksA izn’kZ ih-42
ds vuqlkj Hkh tks ‘khYM iSdsV Fks] os ekdZ ‘A’, ‘B’ o ‘F’ gksrs gq, bldk
izn’kZ ih-43 vxzs”k.k i= Hkh rS;kj djus ds i’pkr~ tek djokus ij bldh
izkfIr jlhn izn’kZ ih-44 Hkh izkIr gqbZ FkhA izn’kZ ih-45 i= esa Hkh tks iSdsV
ekdZ ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’ o ‘I’ Fks] ftldk fd mYys[k izn’kZ ih-46 esa fd;k
x;k gS] mUgsa Hkh ijh{k.k gsrq tek djkus ij izn’kZ ih-47 ds izkfIr jlhn yh
xbZ FkhA lkFk gh izn’kZ ih-48] tks fd lhycan fyQkQk ekdZ ‘K’, ftlesa
lafnX/k O;fDr ds infpà fMthVy QksVksxzkQ esa ‘A’ o ‘B’ Fks vkSj
fxj¶rk’kqnk eqyfte ds oDr ?kVuk igus tCr fd, lSM
a y lhycan ekdZ ‘J’
Fkk] mudk Hkh mYys[k izn’kZ ih-49 esa djrs gq, mUgsa ijh{k.k gsrq tek djkus
ds i’pkr~ izkfIr jlhn izn’kZ ih-50 izkIr dh xbZ FkhA izn’kZ ih-75 ds tfj,
tks vfHk;qDr ds diM+s tCr fd, x, Fks] mUgsa vkSj igus gq, lSaMy dks Hkh
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izn’kZ ih-76 ds tfj, tCr djrs gq, budks Hkh fof/k foKku iz;ksx’kkyk Hkstk
x;k FkkA bl laca/k esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-29 v’kksd fcLlq ds
lkFk&lkFk ih-MCY;q-17 Hkkstjkt o ih-MCY;q-18 fodkl us Hkh viuh lk{; esa
iqf”V dh gSA
20.19. ftl oDr izn’kZ ih-04 ds tfj, e`rdk ‘P’ dk ‘ko feyk Fkk]
ftldk fd mYys[k QnZ iapukek izn’kZ ih-01 ,oa QnZ lqjr&,&gky yk’k
izn’kZ ih-05 esa fd;k x;k gS vkSj ml oDr ‘ko dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh] bldk
bu QnksZa esa o.kZu Hkh gSA Lo;a vfHk;qDr ds laca/k esa esfMdy lk{; dks
izekf.kr djus ds fy, vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ih-MCY;q-22 MkWDVj uohu
flag dks is’k fd;k x;k gS] ftlus lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd og fnukad
21-09-2021 dks fpfdRlkf/kdkjh ds in ij lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsanz] fj;kcM+h
esa dk;Zjr FkkA ml jkst iqfyl izfrosnu ij mlus eqyfte fnus’k iq=
jkepanz] mez 20 o”kZ dk iq#”kRo laca/kh esfMdy eqvk;uk fd;k Fkk vkSj blls
iwoZ mlls fyf[kr esa lgefr yh FkhA vfHk;qDr ds ‘kjhj dk ijh{k.k djrs
le; tks pksVsa ikbZ xbZ Fkh] mldk mYys[k djrs gq, iq#”kRo ijh{k.k djus
ds ckn bldh fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-77 rS;kj dh xbZ Fkh] ftl ij , ls ch xokg
us vius gLrk{kj crk,A xokg us ;g Hkh dgk fd mldh jk; esa ijh{k.k ls
;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd eqyfte laHkksx djus esa l{ke u gksA xokg ds
vuqlkj eqyfte us fyf[kr esa vius oh;Z dh tkap ugha djkus ckcr izn’kZ
ih-78 Hkh fn;k Fkk vkSj Mh-,u-,- igpku QkWeZ dh izfr izn’kZ ih-79 ij Hkh ,
ls ch Lo;a ds o lh ls Mh vfHk;qDr ds gLrk{kj crk,A
20.20. izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh dgk fd oDr ijh{k.k eqyfte ds isful ij
dksbZ [kwu yxk gqvk ugha FkkA bl ckr dks lgh crk;k fd isful ds vkxs
dk Hkkx NksVh cPph ls jsi tSlh ifjfLFkfr esa fNy ldrk gS vkSj [kwu Hkh
vk ldrk gSA xokg us bl ckr dks Hkh lgh crk;k fd eqyfte fnus’k ds
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oDr ijh{k.k isful ds vkxs dk Hkkx u rks fNyk gqvk Fkk vkSj u gh dksbZ
[kwu FkkA ;g Hkh dgk fd eqyfte fnus’k ds ‘kjhj ij vkSj dgha dksbZ batjh
ugha FkhA izn’kZ ih-78 esa eqyfte fnus’k us ;g ckr mlds lkeus dgh Fkh
fd og oh;Z dh tkap ugha djokuk pkgrkA bl xokg ls ;g Hkh iwNk x;k
fd vkius tks cky ds lSaiy fy,] mudh yackbZ fdruh Fkh] rc xokg us
mRrj fn;k fd mlus ckyksa dh yackbZ ukih ugha Fkh] vanktu eqyfte ds
flj ds cky 5&8 ls-eh- ds djhc FksA blls ;g Hkh iz’u fd;k x;k
fd ;fn fdlh O;fDr ds laHkksx djrs le; fyax ij [kjksap ;k ykfyek vk
tkrh gS] rks og fdruh nsj rd jg ldrh gS] rc xokg us mRrj fn;k fd
pksV dh izd`fr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bl izdkj mDr lk{; ls ;g LI”V gS
fd izn’kZ ih-78 ds tfj, vfHk;qDr us Lo;a gh viuk oh;Z tkap ugha djuk
dgk FkkA izn’kZ ih-77 fjiksVZ ls Hkh ;g Li”V gS fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
laHkksx ds fy, l{ke Hkh FkkA izn’kZ ih-77 fnukad 21-09-2021 le; 5%30
ih-,e- dh gSA vr% bl fLFkfr esa bl xokg }kjk dsoy viuh lk{; esa ,d
laHkkouk gh crkbZ gS fd isful ds vkxs dk Hkkx NksVh cPph ls jsi tSlh
ifjfLFkfr esa fNy ldrk gS vkSj [kwu Hkh vk ldrk gSA bl izdkj xokg us
tks mDr ckr dgh gS] bl fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ,slk ugha ekuk tk ldrk
fd izR;sd n’kk esa ,slk gh gksrk gksA lkFk gh vfHk;qDr ds ckyksa ds tks
lSaiy fy, Fks] mu ckyksa dh yackbZ Hkh xokg us 5&8 ls-eh- crkbZ] tSlk fd
iwoZ esa Hkh vfHkys[k ij vkbZ QnZ izn’kZ ih-12 ls Hkh Li”V gksrk gSA
ih-MCY;q-23 MkWDVj f’konku jke] ftUgksaus e`rdk ‘P’ dk iksLVekVZe vkSj
cykRdkj laca/kh esfMdy eqvk;uk fd;k Fkk vkSj ;s Lo;a cksMZ esa v/;{k Fks]
buds lkFk MkWDVj vfuy dqekj ‘kekZ o MkWDVj Lokfr fnokdj Hkh cksMZ esa
lnL; ds :i esa Fks vkSj buds }kjk e`rdk ‘P’ dk iksLVekVZe fnukad
21-09-2021 dks le; 10%00 ,-,e- ij fd;k x;k FkkA buds }kjk ‘ko dk
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ijh{k.k djrs gq, ;g ik;k x;k Fkk fd e`rdk dh e`R;q mldk e`R;q ls iwoZ
gkFk ls xyk nckus ds dkj.k ne ?kqVus ls gqbZ Fkh vkSj tuukax o xqnk ij
‘kkjhfjd pksVksa dk Hkh fo|eku gksuk crkrs gq, ;g Hkh dgk fd
cyiwoZd ;ksfu o xqnk esa rktk izos’k gqvk gS] blfy, fgalkRed ySafxd
vijk/k gksus ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA cksMZ us e`rdk ds iksLVekVZe
ls ihfM+rk dh e`R;q dh vof/k 12 ls 18 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj dh gksuk dgkA xokg
us iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-80 ij , ls ch Lo;a ds] lh ls Mh MkWDVj
Lokfr fnokdj] bZ ls ,Q MkWDVj vfuy dqekj ds gLrk{kj ckr, vkSj th ls
,p Hkkx ij e`rdk ds ‘kjhj ij vkbZ pksVksa dk fooj.k] vkbZ ls ts e`rdk
dh xnZu ij fMlsDlu dk fooj.k] ds ls ,y e`R;q ds dkj.k dk
fooj.k] ,e ls ,u e`rdk dh cykRdkj laca/kh jk;] ,Dl LFkku ij ikap
txg uewuk lhy vafdr gksuk crk;kA lkFk gh xokg us e`rdk ‘P’ ds DNA
igpku QkWeZ dh izekf.kr izfr izn’kZ ih-81 ij Hkh , ls ch Lo;a ds gLrk{kj
crk, vkSj ,Q-,l-,y- vtesj dks fy[ks x, vxzs”k.k i= dh izekf.kr
QksVksizfr izn’kZ ih-82 ij Hkh , ls ch Lo;a ds gLrk{kj gksuk dgkA xokg ds
vuqlkj ,Q-,l-,y- t;iqj dks cksMZ }kjk fy[ks x, vxzs”k.k i= dh izekf.kr
QksVksizfr izn’kZ ih-83 ,oa ,Q-,l-,y- vtesj }kjk nh xbZ fjiksVZ izn’kZ
ih-84 gksuk crk;kA lkFk gh DNA fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-85 dqy 8 ist dh gksuk
dgrs gq, xokg us bldk fjtYV fuEu izdkj gksuk dFku fd;k %&
“Conclusion
On the basis of DNA analysis (enclosed allelic data Table-1
and 2), it is concluded that;
1. Male DNA Profile obtained from exhibit no. 21 (Blood
sample of accused of FTA card) is matching with male
DNA profiles obtained from exhibit no. 1 (Neckar of
deceased), 2 (T-shirt of deceased), 3 (Underwear of
accused) and 6 (Jeans pants of accused) (Table-2).
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2. Male DNA profile obtained from exhibit no. 2 (blood
sample of accused on FTA card) is matching with male
DNA profiles obtained from exhibit no. 12 (Hairs
recovered from body of deceased), 16 (Hairs recovered
from fingers of deceased), 17 (Hairs recovered from
crime scene) and 19 (Nail scrapping of accused)
(Table-1).
3. Female DNA profile obtained from exhibit no. 20
(Blood sample of deceased on FTA card) is matching
with the DNA profiles obtained from exhibit no. 1
(Neckar of deceased), 3 (Underwear of accused), 4
(Baniyan of accused), 5 (Kameej of accused), 6 (Jeans
pants of accused), 7 (Vaginal smear of deceased), 8
(Vaginal swab of deceased), 9 (Vulval Swab of
deceased), 10 (Anal swab of deceased) and 11 (Nail
scrapping of deceased) (Table-1).
20.21. izfrijh{k.k esa bl xokg ls ;g Hkh iz’u fd;k x;k fd e`rdk
ds otkbuk ls vkius dksbZ cky fjdoj ugha fd;k] rc xokg us mRrj fn;k
fd ihfM+rk ds tuukaxksa dk ijh{k.k djus ij mlds dksbZ cky mxs gq, ugha
Fks vkSj vU; dksbZ cky ihfM+rk ds tuukaxksa ij ugha FksA blls ;g Hkh iz’u
fd;k x;k fd e`rdk ds xys ij tks gkFkksa ds fu’kku gSa] oks Åij ls uhps ds
Øe esa gS ;k uhps ls Åij ds Øe esa] rc xokg us mRrj fn;k fd Åij ls
uhps ds Øe esa gSA xokg us iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-80 esa pksVsa rktk
gksuk] tks 12 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj ekuk tkuk Hkh dFku fd;kA blls ;g Hkh iz’u
fd;k x;k fd e`rdk dh xnZu ij vkius vaxqfy;ksa o vaxwBs ds fu’kku ugha
ik,] rc xokg us bls xyr crkrs gq, ;g Hkh dgk fd xnZu ij dEizs’ku
ik;k x;k gSA blls iqu% ;g iz’u fd;k x;k fd vaxqfy;ksa o vaxwBs ds
fu’kku rks ugha ik,] rc xokg us mRrj fn;k fd mlus vaxqfy;ksa o vaxwBs
ds fu’kku ik, FksA bl xokg us tks mDr lk{; nh gS] ogh lk{;
ih-MCY;q-24 MkWDVj Lokfr fnokdj vkSj ih-MCY;q-25 MkWDVj vfuy dqekj us
Hkh nh gSA
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20.22. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd
esfMdy lk{; ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr ds psgjs] gkFk vFkok ‘kjhj ds vU;
fgLlksa ij dgha dksbZ [kajksp vFkok pksV ds fu’kku ugha FksA ;fn cyiwoZd
e`rdk ds lkFk cykRdkj fd;k tkrk] rks la?k”kZ djus dh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr
ds ‘kjhj ij Hkh pksVsa vkuh pkfg, FkhA vr% bl vk/kkj ij Hkh vfHk;kstu
i{k ds ekeys ij lansg O;Dr fd;k x;kA
20.23. ;ksX; vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr ds mi;qZDr rdZ ds laca/k esa vfHkys[k
ij tks lk{; dh fLFkfr vkbZ gS] mlls Li”V gS fd ?kVuk ds oDr
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh vk;q yxHkx 20 o”kZ dh Fkh] tcfd e`rdk ‘P’ 08
o”khZ; ckfydk FkhA izR;sd izdj.k esa vfHkys[k ij vkbZ rF; vkSj
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gS fd ftl O;fDr ds lkFk cykRdkj
tSlh ?kVuk dkfjr gksrh gS] ml O;fDr dh ‘kkjhfjd lajpuk cukoV vkSj
mez D;k gS] ftlls fd mlds la?k”kZ dh fLFkfr dk vanktk yxk;k tk ldsA
bl izdj.k esa rks e`rdk ,d 08 o”khZ; vcks/k ckfydk Fkh] tks de vk;q dh
gksus ls mlds la?k”kZ djus dh {kerk fufoZokn :i ls de Fkh] fQj Hkh mlus
vius gkFkksa dk ftruk ?kVuk ds oDr iz;ksx fd;k] mlesa tks dqN cky gkFk
esa vk x, Fks] oks can eqÎh esa ik, x, Fks] ijarq izR;sd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g
vko’;d gks fd vfHk;qDr ds psgjs ;k ‘kjhj ds vU; Hkkxksa ij la?k”kZ fd,
tkus ls pksVsa vkuk vko’;d gks] rks ;g rdZ Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
20.24. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; State of
Himachal Pradesh v. Gian Chand, AIR 2001 SC 2075 esa fuEu
fof/kd fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“… In case of children who are incapable of offering any
resistance external marks of violence may not be found.
(See Modis Medical Jurisprudence, 22nd Edn., p.502). It
is true that marks of external injury have not been found
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on the person of the accused but that by itself does not
negate the prosecution case. Modi has opined (see, Modi
ibid, page 509) that even in the case of a child victim
being ravished by a grown up person it is not necessary
that there should always be marks of injuries on the
penis in such cases. Further, it is to be noted that about
two days had elapsed between the time of the incident
and medical examination of the accused within which
time minor injuries, even if caused, might have
healed. …”
20.25. bl izdkj esfMdy lk{; vkSj Mh-,u-,- ijh{k.k fjiksVZ izn’kZ
ih-85 ds vuqlkj e`rdk dk usdj@ik;tkek rFkk Vh&’kVZ ij ik, x,
lheu LVSal ls izkIr esy Mh-,u-,- izksQkby dk vfHk;qDr ds CyM ls izkIr
esy Mh-,u-,- ls eSp djus ij ,dek= ;gh fu”d”kZ fudyrk gS fd vfHk;qDr
us e`rdk ds lkFk izksIy’ku fd;k Fkk] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i gq, btSD;qys’ku
ls vfHk;qDr dk lheu e`rdk ds tuukax ij igqapk Fkk vkSj tgka ls mlds
usdj@ik;tkes ij vk;k FkkA
20.26. ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag] tks fd lgk;d funs’kd
ck;yksth ds in ij fof/k foKku iz;ksx’kkyk] t;iqj esa dk;Zjr gSa vkSj mlh
ds gh le{k bl izdj.k esa is’k fd, x, tCr’kqnk vkfVZdYl dk ijh{k.k Hkh
fd;k x;k FkkA xokg us ;g Hkh dgk fd og ,Q-,l-,y- esa ck;ksykWth
fMohtu Mh-,u-,- fMohtu esa dke djrk gS vkSj izkIr iSdsVksa esa lhycan
fd, x, lkekuksa dh tkap mlus vkSj MkWDVj vkj-ds- dqekor] ofj”B foKku
vf/kdkjh] lhjksykWth ,oa Mh-,u-,- }kjk dh xbZ Fkh] ftldh tkap fjiksVZ
izn’kZ ih-85 crkrs gq, xokg us ;g Hkh dgk fd e`rdk ls fy, x, izn’kZ
ih-85 esa of.kZr iSdsV ekdZ ‘A’ esa izn’kZ&1 usdj vkSj izn’kZ&2 Vh&’kVZ ij
ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik;k x;kA mDr izn’kZ&1 ij Qhesy
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Mh-,u-,- ,oa esy Mh-,u-,- nksuksa ik, x,A blh izdkj izn’kZ&2 ij esy
Mh-,u-,- ik, x,A vkjksih ls fy, x, iSdsV ekdZ ‘I’ izn’kZ&3 eqyfte dk
vaMjfo;j ij ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik;k x;k] ftl ij feDlM~
Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy izkIr gqvkA izn’kZ&4 eqyfte dh cfu;ku ij lheu ugha
ik;k x;k ijarq ekuo jDr ik;k x;k] ftl ij Qhesy Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;kA
izn’kZ&5 eqyfte dh deht ij ekuo oh;Z] ekuo lheu o ekuo jDr ik,
x,] bl ij Qhesy Mh-,u-,- ik, x, ijarq esy Mh-,u-,- v/kwjk ik;k x;kA
izn’kZ&6 eqyfte dh thal isaV ij ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik, x,]
ftl ij Qhesy ,oa esy ds Mh-,u-,- izkIr gq,A iSdsV ekdZ ‘C’ e`rdk ls
fy, x, izn’kZ&7 oStkbuy Leh;j ij ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik, x,]
bl ij esy vkSj Qhesy ds v/kwjs Mh-,u-,- izkIr gq,A izn’kZ&8 e`rdk ds
oStkbuy LoSc ij ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik, x,] bl ij esy vkSj
Qhesy ds v/kwjs Mh-,u-,- izkIr gq,A izn’kZ&9 e`rdk ds oYoy LoSc ij
ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik, x,] bl ij Qhesy Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;k
rFkk esy ds v/kwjs Mh-,u-,- izkIr gq,A izn’kZ&10 e`rdk ds ,uy LoSc ij
ekuo lheu ,oa ekuo jDr ik, x,] bl ij esy ,oa Qhesy Mh-,u-,- ds
v/kwjs Mh-,u-,- izkIr gq,A izn’kZ&11 e`rdk ds usy LØsfiax ij jDr Vªslst esa
ik;k x;k] ftl ij v/kwjk feDlM~ Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;kA izn’kZ&12 e`rdk ds
‘kjhj ls tks cky izkIr gq,] muesa esy Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;kA iSdsV ekdZ ‘C’
izn’kZ&15 ?kVukLFky ls izkIr CyM Leh;MZ lkW;y esa ekuo jDr ik;k x;k]
ftl ij v/kwjk Qhesy Mh-,u-,- izkIr gqvkA iSdsV ekdZ ‘B’ izn’kZ&16 e`rdk
dh vaxqfy;ksa ls izkIr cky esa esy Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy izkIr gqvkA iSdsV ekdZ
‘E’ izn’kZ&17 ?kVukLFky ls izkIr cky ij esy Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy izkIr
gqvkA iSdsV ekdZ ^lh* izn’kZ&19 eqyfte ds usy LØsfiax ij esy Mh-,u-,-
izksQkbZy ik, x,A vuekDMZ iSdsV izn’kZ&20 ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij e`rdk ds
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CyM lSaiy ij Qhesy Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy izkIr gq,A vuekDMZ iSdsV
izn’kZ&21 ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij eqyfte dk CyM lSaiy ij esy Mh-,u-,-
izksQkbZy izkIr gqvkA mDr Mh-,u-,- tks izn’kZ ih-85 ds Vscy ua-1 ,oa 2 ist
yxk;r 4 ls 8 esa of.kZr gS] ds fo’ys”k.k ds vk/kkj ij xokg us viuk
fu”d”kZ fuEu izdkj gksuk crk;k gS %&
01- izn’kZ&21 ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij eqyfte ds CyM lSaiy ls izkIr esy
Mh-,u-,- dk iw.kZ :i ls feyku izn’kZ&1 e`rdk dh usdj ,oa
izn’kZ&2 e`rdk dh Vh&’kVZ] izn’kZ&3 eqyfte dh vaMjfo;j]
izn’kZ&6 eqyfte dh thal isaV ij ik, x, esy Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy
ls gksrk gS] tks Vscy&2 esa of.kZr gSA
02- izn’kZ&21 ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij eqyfte ds CyM lSaiy ls izkIr esy
Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy dk iw.kZ :i ls feyku izn’kZ&12 e`rdk dh
ckWMh ls izkIr cky] izn’kZ&16 e`rdk dh vaxqfy;ksa ls izkIr cky]
izn’kZ&17 ?kVukLFky ls izkIr cky ,oa izn’kZ&19 eqyfte ds usy
LØsfiax ls Moysi fd, x, esy Mh-,u-,- ls gksrk gSA tks
Vscy&1 esa of.kZr gSA
03- izn’kZ&20 ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij e`rdk ds CyM lSaiy ls izkIr
Qhesy Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy dk iw.kZ feyku izn’kZ&1 e`rdk ds
usdj] izn’kZ&3 eqyfte dk vaMjfo;j] izn’kZ&4 eqyfte dk
cfu;ku] izn’kZ&5 eqyfte dk deht] izn’kZ&6 eqyfte dh
thal isaV] izn’kZ&7 e`rdk dk oStkbuy Leh;j] izn’kZ&8
e`rdk ds oStkbuy LoSc] izn’kZ&9 e`rdk ds oYoy LoSc]
izn’kZ&10 e`rdk ds ,uy LoSc] izn’kZ&11 e`rdk ds usy
LØsfiax ls Moysi fd, x, Mh-,u-,- izksQkbZy ls gksrk gSA tks
Vscy&1 esa of.kZr gSA
20.27. izn’kZ ih-85 ls layXu ist ua-07 vkSj 08] ftlesa Vscy&2 dk
o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] esa izn’kZ&7 e`rdk dk oStkbuy Leh;j] izn’kZ&8 e`rdk
dk oStkbuy LoSc] izn’kZ&9 e`rdk dk oYoy LoSc ,oa izn’kZ&10 e`rdk dk
,uy LoSc esa izksQkbYM Mh-,u-,- ,yhy tks ik, x, gSa] oks izn’kZ&21
eqyfte ds ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ds CyM lSaiy ls Moysi fd, x, Mh-,u-,-
izksQkbZy ls eSp djrs gSaA ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag }kjk nh xbZ
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Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-85 gS] ftl ij , ls ch i`”B la- 1 ls 8 lHkh i`”Bksa
ij mlds gLrk{kj gSa] lh ls Mh LFkku ij i`”B la- 1 ls 8 lHkh i`”Bksa ij
MkWDVj vkj-ds- dqekor ds gLrk{kj gSa] tks mlds lg;ksxh ds :i esa dk;Z
djus ds dkj.k og muds gLrk{kj igpkurk gS] i`”B la[;k 3 ij okbZ LFkku
ij lacaf/kr uke dh lhy vafdr gSA ,Dl LFkku ij mDr lHkh i`”Bksa ij
muds dk;kZy; dh eqgj vafdr gSA xokg ds lkeus ,Q-,l-,y- ls ykSVs
gq, tkap’kqnk lHkh lSaiy [kksys x,] ftudks xokg us crk;k fd bUgha lSaiyksa
dh muds }kjk tkap dh xbZ gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k lk{; ds
nkSjku xokg ds lkeus ,Q-,l-,y- ls izkIr tkap’kqnk lhycan iSdsV [kksys
x,] ftuesa e`rdk dh usdj dks vkfVZdy&4] Vh&’kVZ dks vkfVZdy&5]
vfHk;qDr dh vaMjfo;j] cfu;ku] deht vkSj thal dks vkfVZdy&7] 8] 9
vkSj vkfVZdy&10 vafdr fd;k x;kA e`rdk dh oStkbuy Leh;j ij
vkfVZdy&12] oStkbuy LoSc ij vkfVZdy&14] oYoy LoSc ij
vkfVZdy&16] ,uy LoSc ij vkfVZdy&18] e`rdk dh usy LØsfiax
vkfVZdy&20] e`rdk ds ‘kjhj ij ik, x, eqyfte ds ckyksa dks
vkfVZdy&22] okby esa e`rdk ds jDr dks vkfVZdy&24] vkWjy okby LoSc
vkfVZdy&26] e`rdk dh eqfB~B;ksa vkSj vaxqfy;ksa ls tCr cky vkfVZdy&28]
?kVukLFky ls izkIr fd, x, cky vkfVZdy&31] eqyfte ds I;wfcd gs;j
vkfVZdy&34] eqyfte dh usy LØsfiax vkfVZdy&37] e`rdk dk ,Q-Vh-,-
dkMZ ij CyM lSaiy vkfVZdy&40] eqyfte dk ,Q-Vh-,- dkMZ ij CyM
lSaiy vkfVZdy&42 gksuk xokg us crk;k vkSj lkfcr fd;kA
20.28. ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag us izn’kZ ih-85 dks lkfcr fd;k
gS vkSj mlds vuqlkj e`rdk dh usdj vkSj Vh&’kVZ ij eqyfte dk
Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;k gS] tks ;g lkfcr djrk gS fd e`rdk ds diM+ksa ij tks
lheu feyk gS] og eqyfte dk lheu gSA blh rjg e`rdk dh yk’k ls
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cjken cky esa eqyfte dk Mh-,u-,- izkIr gqvk gS] tks ;g lkfcr djrk gS
fd e`rdk dh yk’k ij ik;k x;k cky eqyfte dk FkkA blh rjg e`rdk
ds gkFkksa vkSj vaxqfy;ksa ls tCr cky esa Hkh eqyfte dk Mh-,u-,- izkIr gqvk
gS] tks ;g lkfcr djrk gS fd ;g cky Hkh eqyfte ds Fks vkSj ftlls ;g
Hkh lkfcr gks jgk gS fd e`rdk us eqyfte }kjk mlds lkFk cykRdkj djrs
le; mldk tcjnLr fojks/k fd;k Fkk vkSj mlds cky idM+s Fks] tks
m[kM+dj e`rdk ds gkFkksa esa vk x, FksA
20.29. ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag us ;g Hkh crk;k gS fd e`rdk
dh usdj vkSj eqyfte dh vaMjfo;j] cfu;ku] deht vkSj thal isVa ij
e`rdk dk Mh-,u-,- ik;k x;k gSA blh rjg oStkbuy Leh;j] oStkbuy
LoSc] oYoy LoSc] ,uy LoSc vkSj usy LØsfiax esa Hkh e`rdk dk Mh-,u-,-
ekStwn gS] tks bl rF; dks lkfcr djrk gS fd eqyfte }kjk e`rdk ds lkFk
cykRdkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj nksuksa dh mifLFkfr ,d lkFk gksuk lkfcr gksrk
gSA Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-85 ls ?kVukLFky ij Hkh e`rdk ,oa eqyfte dh
,d lkFk mifLFkfr lkfcr gksrh gSA
20.30. xokg MkWDVj jkts’k flag us ftjg esa ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k gS fd
,Q-,l-,y- esa tkap gsrq tks iSdsV izkIr gq, Fks] os lHkh lhycan voLFkk esa
lqjf{kr gkyr esa izkIr gq, Fks] ftudh jlhn izn’kZ ih-47 ,Q-,l-,y- }kjk
izkfIr ds laca/k esa nh xbZ Fkh rFkk tkapdrkZ Vhe ds ,d lgk;d /khjt }kjk
mDr iSdsVksa ds lkFk ,Q-,l-,y- dk Vksdu yxkdj ml ij vius gLrk{kj
djds iqfyl dks ykSVk, x, FksA xokg ds vuqlkj e`rdk ds oStkbuy LoSc]
oStkbuy Leh;j] oYoy LoSc] ,uy LoSc esa eqyfte fnus’k dk lheu ik;k
x;k gSA gkykafd xokg us ;g Hkh dgk fd mDr Mh-,u-,- viw.kZ gS ijUrq tks
Hkh Mh-,u-,- feyk gS] og eqyfte fnus’k dk gh gSA
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20.31. ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag us ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k gS fd
e`rdk ds oStkbuy Leh;j] LoSc] oYoy LoSc o ,uy LoSc esa viw.kZ esy
Mh-,u-,- feyus dk dkj.k ;g gksuk laHko gS fd e`rdk ds izkbZosV ikVZ esa
batjh gksus ds dkj.k vR;f/kd jDrL=ko ds dkj.k eqyfte dk Mh-,u-,- ;k
rks Mk;Y;wV gks x;k gS ;k ckgj fudy x;k gSA muds }kjk ;g Hkh Li”V
fd;k x;k gS fd mUgksaus varjjk”Vªh; Lrj ij fo’oluh; ,oa ekU;rk izkIr
lkW¶Vos;j ,oa fdV~l }kjk lSaiYl dh tkap dj izn’kZ ih-85 dh tkap fjiksVZ
nh gSA
20.32. bl izdkj mDr xokg dh lk{; ds lkFk&lkFk izn’kZ ih-78 ds
voyksdu ls Hkh ;g Li”V gS fd Lo;a vfHk;qDr us vius oh;Z dk lSaiy nsus
ls euk dj fn;k FkkA fQj Hkh e`rdk ds diM+ksa ij tks fd ik;tkek
vkfVZdy&4 rFkk Vh&’kVZ vkfVZdy&5 gS] ml ij ekuo lheu ik;k x;k
Fkk] tks fd izn’kZ ih-85 fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr dk FkkA bl izdkj izn’kZ
ih-85] tks fd ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj jkts’k flag }kjk ijh{k.k ds i’pkr~ rS;kj
dh xbZ Fkh] ml fjiksVZ ls Hkh vfHk;qDr }kjk e`rdk ds lkFk tcju
cykRdkj] xqnk eSFkqu ds rF;ksa dh iqf”V djrk gSA
20.33. bl laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Manoj Pratap Singh v. State of Rajasthan,
Criminal Appeal Nos. 910-911 of 2022 (arising out of SLP
(Crl.) Nos. 7899-7900 of 2015), decided on 24.06.2022 ds
vuqlkj Hkh tgka dksbZ izdj.k ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gks] vkSj
ihfMrk ds lkFk cykRdkj dh ?kVuk ds i’pkr~ mlds tCr’kqnk diM+ksa ,oa
vkjksih ds diM+ksa ds ijh{k.k ds i’pkr~ izkIr Mh-,u-,- fjiksVZ ls ?kVuk dh
iqf”V gks tkrh gS rks ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa ;g ,d J`a[kyk
nks”kflf) gsrq i;kZIr gksrh gSA
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20.34. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us vius dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM
izfØ;k lafgrk esa iz’u 38 ds mRrj esa fuEu dFku fd, gSa %&
ÞeSa funksZ”k gwaA eq>s 20-09-2021 dks le; 6%00 cts fxj¶rkj dj
fy;k x;k] mlds ckn Fkkusnkj th us esjs lkQ&lqFkjs diM+s fy, Fks
,oa enuyky uke ds O;fDr us esjs cky flj ls m[kkM+s FksA Fkkusnkj
th us mls xyr vk/kkj ij mDr ?kVuk esa Qalk;k gSA eSaus
dksbZ ?kVuk dkfjr ugha dh gSA vLirky esa Fkkusnkj th us eq>s
/kedh nh fd vijk/k dcwy dj ysuk] vU;Fkk rsjs HkkbZ dks tsy esa
Mky nsaxsA mDr /kedh 08-10-2021 dks esjk ekufld ijh{k.k djkus
x;k] rc nh FkhA Fkkus esa Hkh vijk/k dcwy djus dks dgk FkkAß
20.35. mDr dFku loZizFke tc vfHk;qDr ds /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k
lafgrk esa dFku fy, x, Fks] rc gh crk, tkuk izdV gksrk gS] D;ksafd bu
dFkuksa esa blus ;g dgk gS fd Fkkukf/kdkjh th us mls xyr vk/kkj
ij ?kVuk esa Qalk;k gS vkSj mlus dksbZ ?kVuk dkfjr ugha dhA mDr dFkuksa
ds vuqlkj Fkkukf/kdkjh th us mls /kedh nh Fkh fd vijk/k dcwy dj ysuk
vU;Fkk mlds HkkbZ dks tsy esa Mky nsaxs vkSj mDr /kedh fnukad
08-10-2021 dks tc og ekufld ijh{k.k djokus x;k] rc nh FkhA ;fn
vfHk;qDr ds vuqlkj fnukad 08-10-2021 dks mls Fkkukf/kdkjh us dksbZ /kedh
nh Fkh] rks ml fnukad ds i’pkr~ gh fnukad 11-10-2021 dks Fkkukf/kdkjh
ih-MCY;q-29 ls izfrijh{k.k Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu mi;qZDr dFkuksa ds
lanHkZ esa Fkkukf/kdkjh ls dksbZ Hkh iz’u ugha fd;k x;kA lkFk gh mDr fLFkfr
esa ;g Hkh Li”V gS fd Fkkukf/kdkjh }kjk fnukad 08-10-2021 dks gh /kedh
nh xbZ Fkh] blls iwoZ /kedh nh xbZ gks] ,slk vfHk;qDr us ugha dgk gSA
tcfd rc rd izdj.k esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds vuqla/kku iw.kZ gksus ds
i’pkr~ vkjksi lquk, tkus ls ysdj vfHk;kstu i{k ds dkQh xokgksa ds
dFku Hkh ys[kc) fd, tk pqds FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa tks mi;qZDr ckr
vfHk;qDr us dgh gS] og xyr lkfcr gks tkrh gSA lkFk gh tc
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vfHk;qDr }kjk /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa dksbZ dFku djrs gq, izFke
ckj dksbZ ubZ ckr dgh tkrh gS] ftldk iwoZ esa vfHk;kstu i{k ds fdlh
xokg dh lk{; ls feyku Hkh ugha gks jgk gks] rks bl fLFkfr dks Lo;a
vfHk;qDr dks gh mls viuh lk{; ls izekf.kr djuk gksrk gSA dsoy /kkjk
313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa u, dFku dg nsus ek= ls gh Lor% os dFku
lk{; esa izekf.kr ugha gks tkrs gSaA ;fn vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr pkgrk rks /kkjk
315 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr Lo;a Hkh viuh lk{; djok ldrk FkkA
20.36. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Dehal
Singh v. State of H.P., AIR 2010 SC 3594 esa Hkh fuEu fLFkfr Li”V
dh xbZ Fkh %&
“21. We do not find any substance in this submission of
Mr. Mishra. Statement under Section 313 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure is taken into consideration to
appreciate the truthfullness or otherwise of the case of
prosecution and it is not an evidence. Statement of an
accused under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure is recorded without administering oath and,
therefore, said statement cannot be treated as evidence
within the meaning of Section 3 of the Evidence Act.
Appellants have not chosen to examine any other witness
to support this plea and in case none was available they
were free to examine themselves in terms of Section 315
of the Code of Criminal Procedure which, inter alia,
provides that a person accused of an offence is a
competent witness of the defence and may give evidence
on oath in disproof of the charges. There is reason not to
treat the statement under Section 313 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure as evidence as the accused cannot be
cross-examined, with reference to those statements.
However, when an accused appears as witness in defence
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to disproof the charge, his version can be tested by his
cross-examination. Therefore, in our opinion the plea of
the appellant Dinesh Kumar that he had taken lift in the
car is not fit to be accepted only on the basis of the
statements of the appellants under Section 313 of the
Code of Criminal Procedure.”
bl izdkj tks vk/kkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us vius dFku varxZr /kkjk 313
naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa fy, gSa] os xyr lkfcr gksrs gSaA
20.37. vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls vUoh{kk ds nkSjku Lo;a dh ekufld
fLFkfr lgh ugha gksus ckcr izkFkZuk i= Hkh fnukad 06-10-2021 dks is’k fd;k
tkuk izdV gksrk gSA blds i’pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk esfMdy
cksMZ dk xBu djus dk vkns’k nsus ij ogka ls izkIr fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 ds
vuqlkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh ekufld fLFkfr lgh ikbZ xbZ FkhA cpko
i{k dh vksj ls lk{; esa is’k dh xbZ Mh-MCY;q-01 MkWDVj fiz;adk us Hkh viuh
lk{; esa ;g dgk gS fd vfHk;qDr fnus’k dk ekufld LokLF; dk ijh{k.k
djus ds ckn tks fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-93 izkIr dh xbZ Fkh] mlds vuqlkj mlesa
ekufld chekjh ds dksbZ y{k.k ugha Fks vkSj tks izn’kZ Mh-06 vfHk;qDr fnus’k
ds flj dh pksV ckcr nLrkost is’k fd;k x;k Fkk] ml ckjs esa Hkh xokg us
Li”V fd;k fd ;s nks lky iqjkuk gSA izfrijh{k.k esa Hkh bl ckr dks lgh
crk;k fd vfHk;qDr fnus’k dks muds esfMdy cksMZ ds lnL;ksa us iw.kZr%
ekufld :i ls LoLFk ik;k vkSj og lkspus le>us esa iw.kZr% leFkZ FkkA ;g
Hkh dgk fd izn’kZ Mh-06 esa ,slh dksbZ pksV ugha gS] ftlls vfHk;qDr dh
ekufld fLFkfr [kjkc gksA
20.38. ih-MCY;q-29 vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh v’kksd fcLlq dh lk{; ds
lkFk&lkFk vU; xokgku vkSj nLrkosth lk{; ls Hkh ;g Li”V gqvk gS fd
ftl LFkku ij izn’kZ ih-04 ds ekQZr e`rdk ‘P’ dh yk’k feyh Fkh]
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okLrfod :i ls ogka ij cykRdkj ugha gqvk Fkk] cfYd QnZ izn’kZ ih-08 esa
of.kZr Hks#jke dk tks [ksr Fkk] ml LFkku ij cykRdkj vkSj gR;k dk
vijk/k gqvk FkkA vr% bl fglkc ls ;g Hkh Li”V gS fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr us ?kVuk dkfjr djus ds i’pkr~ vius }kjk fd, x,
vijk/k dh lk{; dks feVkus ds fy, izn’kZ ih-04 esa of.kZr LFkku ij mls
Mkydj fNik;k Hkh FkkA rkjksa dh tks ckM+ gksuk crk;k x;k gS] ml fLFkfr
esa Hkh ;g dguk lgh ugha gS fd vfHk;qDr rkjksa dh ckM+ esa ls fudydj
nwljs [ksr esa ugha tk ldrk gks] D;ksafd lk{; esa ;g Hkh izdV gqvk gS fd
rkjksa dh ckM+ esa ls Hkh fudydj tk;k tk ldrk gSA
20.39. /kkjk 29 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012
esa Hkh tgka fdlh O;fDr dks bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3] /kkjk 5] /kkjk 7 o
/kkjk 9 ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k dks djus dk nq”izsj.k djus ;k nq”izsj.k djus
dk iz;Ru djus ds fy, vfHk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ogka fo’ks”k U;k;ky; rc
rd ;g mi/kkj.kk djsxk fd ,sls O;fDr us og vijk/k fd;k gS] tc rd
fd blds fo#) lkfcr ugha dj fn;k tkrkA mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 30
Hkh ekufld mi/kkj.kk ds laca/k esa gSA bl izdkj vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls
tks lk{; is’k dh xbZ gS] mlds rgr vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr /kkjk 29 ySafxd
vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds rgr mldk [kaMu Hkh
ugha dj ik;k gSA
20.40. xokgksa dh lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li”V gqvk gS fd ?kVuk ds le;
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk u’ks esa gksus laca/kh Hkh iz’u iwNk x;k gS] ysfdu
vfHkys[k ij ,slk dksbZ rF; lkfcr ugha gks ik;k gS fd og u’kk vfHk;qDr
dks mlds Kku ;k bPNk ds fo#) fn;k x;k gks] ftlls fd og dk;Z dh
izd`fr dks le> ikus esa vleFkZ jgk gksA izn’kZ ih-91 tks tCr’kqnk lSaMy ds
laca/k esa fjiksVZ vkbZ gS] mlds rgr ;fn ;g rF; Lohdkj Hkh ugha fd;k
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tkos fd vfHk;qDr ds igus gq, lSaMy ij yxh feÍh vkSj ?kVukLFky ls yh
xbZ feÍh ,d leku ikbZ xbZ gS] rks Hkh tks eq[; :i ls mi;qZDr vU;
lk{; vkbZ gS] mlls Hkh vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vijk/k izekf.kr gSA
21. ifj.kkeLo:i ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa vfHk;kstu
i{k us e`rdk dk vafre ckj vfHk;qDr ds lkFk tkus] yk’k dh cjkenxh ds
le; mlds ‘kjhj ij ikbZ xbZ pksVksa dk iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ ls leFkZu
gksus ,oa ih-MCY;q-27 MkWDVj- jkts’k flag ds }kjk nh xbZ fjiksVZ izn’kZ ih-85
vkSj vU; laiw.kZ lk{; ftUgsa fd xokgku us fopkj.k ds nkSjku U;k;ky; esa
nh Fkh] mu laiw.kZ lk{; dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky;
us vfrfjDr lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk cykRdkj djus]
xqnk eSFkqu djus vkSj gR;k dkfjr djus dh fLFkfr dks vius vkjksi esa
Lohdkj dj ysus ds ckotwn Hkh vU; laiw.kZ ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dk mYys[k
djrs gq, fof/kuqlkj bls vius fu.kZ; esa fu”d”kZ nsdj tks vihykFkhZ dh
nks”kflf) vkjksfir vijk/kksa esa dh gS] mlesa gLr{ksi fd, tkus dh
vko’;drk ugha gksus ls bldh iqf”V dh tkrh gSA
22. ltk ds iz’u ij vihykFkhZ ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dks lquk x;kA
bl izdj.k esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZ dh nks”kflf) ds
i’pkr~ nks”kfl) vijk/k varxZr /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)
(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 esa e`R;q
naMkns’k fn;k gS vkSj bldh iqf”V gsrq gh bl vihy ds lkFk i`Fkd ls
jsQjsal Hkh is’k gqvk gSA
23. vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dk ;g dguk gS fd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ;g izFke vijk/k gS vkSj bl izdj.k esa fxj¶rkjh ds
i’pkr~ ls og U;kf;d vfHkj{kk esa py jgk gSA mlds ifjokj esa ekrk&firk
o HkkbZ Hkh gSA ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr yxHkx 20 o”kZ dh de
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vk;q dk uo;qod Hkh Fkk] tks orZeku esa yxHkx 26 o”kZ dk gSA vfHkys[k ij
bl izdkj dh Hkh dksbZ ifjfLFkfr;ka ugha vkbZ gS] ftlls ;g ekuk tk lds
fd e`R;q naMkns’k gh fn;k tkuk ,dek= fodYi gksA vfHk;qDr dk iwoZ dk
dksbZ vkijkf/kd fjdkWMZ Hkh ugha gS vkSj ;g izdj.k nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk
(Rarest of Rare) dh Js.kh esa Hkh ugha vkrk gSA vfHkys[k ij ,slk Hkh dksbZ
fjdkWMZ ugha gS] ftlls ik;k tk lds fd vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk Hkfo”; esa
iquokZl fd, tkus vFkok mlds lq/kkj dh mEehn ugha gks vkSj e`R;q naMkns’k
fn;k tkuk gh ,dek= fodYi gksA fQj Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk
vius fu.kZ; esa tks vihykFkhZ dks e`R;q naMkns’k fn;k gS] og U;k;ksfpr ugha
gksus ls U;wure naMkns’k ls nafMr djus dk fuosnu fd;kA
24. tcfd mDr rdksZa dk fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd o ifjoknh
ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us [kaMu djrs gq, rdZ fn;k fd vihykFkhZ }kjk ,d de
meZ dh ukckfyx cPph ds lkFk cykRdkj dj gR;k djrs gq, mldh lk{;
fNikus tSlk f?kukSuk vkSj xaHkhj izd`fr dk vijk/k fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k
esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; esa bls nqyZHkre ls nqYkZHk ekudj
gh fu”d”kZ nsrs gq, tks e`R;q naMkns’k fn;k gS] og U;k;ksfpr gksus ls blh
vuq:i eMZj jsQjsal dh iqf”V djrs gq, ;g vihy [kkfjt djus dh izkFkZuk
dhA
25. ;g lgh gS fd bl izdj.k esa vihykFkhZ ds fo#) yxHkx 8
o”khZ; cPph ds lkFk cykRdkj] xqnk eSFkqu vkSj gR;k djus tSls xaHkhj
vijk/k dk vkjksi izekf.kr gqvk gS] ijarq e`R;q naMkns’k vkiokfnd
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA mlds lkFk gh fo}ku fopkj.k
U;k;ky; us tks fu”d”kZ fn;k gS] mlesa ;g rF; Hkh vk;k gS vfHk;qDr }kjk
08 o”kZ dh NksVh@vcks/k cPph ds lkFk tcju cykRdkj dj mldh gR;k
dkfjr dh xbZ gSA bl ckr dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh fd vfHk;qDr
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}kjk e`rdk ds lkFk cykRdkj djrs le; mlds fdruh vlguh; ihM+k gqbZ
gksxhA ;|fi vihykFkhZ dk mDr d`R; f?kukSuk Fkk] ysfdu e`R;q naMkns’k
nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk (Rarest of Rare) ekeyksa esa gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA
26. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vius fu”d”kZ esa ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Bantu v. State of U.P. (2008) 11 SCC 113 ,oa
Shivaji v. State of Maharashtra (2008) 15 SCC 269 dk Hkh
mYys[k fd;k gS] tks fd o”kZ 2008 ds gSaA tcfd orZeku esa ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; Manoj v. State of Madhya Pradesh;
(2023) 2 SCC 353 esa e`R;q naMkns’k ls iwoZ ‘keudkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks
ns[ks tkus laca/kh fn’kk&funsZ’k fn, Fks] mudks Hkh ns[kk tkuk gksrk gSA
26.1. blh izdkj ls ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Mohd.
Mannan v. State of Bihar (2011) 5 SCC 317 dk Hkh fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; us e`R;q naMkns’k gsrq lanHkZ fy;k gS] ysfdu mDr fu.kZ; ds
i’pkr~ izdj.k esa vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls ,d iqufoZyksdu ;kfpdk (Review
Petition (Criminal) No. 308 of 2011) Hkh is’k dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa vkns’k
fnukad 14-02-2019 ds }kjk vfHk;qDr ds e`R;q naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl
esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;k FkkA
26.2. blh izdkj ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Rajendra Pralhadrao Wasnik v. State of
Maharashtra, (2012) 4 SCC 37 dks Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dk vk/kkj
cuk;k gSA bl izdj.k esa Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k ds i’pkr~ vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls
ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; esa iqufoZyksdu ;kfpdk (Review Petition
(Criminal) Nos. 306-307 of 2013) is’k dh xbZ Fkh] ftls Lohdkj djrs
gq, ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius vkns’k fnukad 12 fnlEcj] 2018 ds
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}kjk vfHk;qDr ds e`R;q naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k
FkkA
26.3. blh izdkj ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; esa
ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; In Haresh Mohandas Rajput
v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) 12 SCC 56 dk Hkh mYys[k
fd;k gS] tcfd mDr izdj.k esa Hkh ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk e`R;q
naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;k FkkA
27. fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ifjoknh ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh
vksj ls Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dh iqf”V ds lanHkZ esa izLrqr fd, x, ekuuh;
mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Ravi S/o Ashok Ghumare v. State of
Maharashtra, Criminal Appeal Nos. 1488-1489 of 2018,
decided on 03 October 2019 dk Hkh voyksdu fd;k x;kA mDr
fu.kZ; esa nks o”khZ; cPph ds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj gR;k gqbZ Fkh] ysfdu ,d
nks o”kZ dh de mez dh ukckfyx cPph ds lkFk ftl izdkj ls vijk/k
dkfjr fd;k x;k Fkk mu laiw.kZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, e`R;q naMkns’k
fn;k x;k FkkA
27.1. blh izdkj ls fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa ;ksX; vf/koDrk
ifjoknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Manoj
Pratap Singh v. State of Rajasthan (Crl. Appeal Arising Out of
SLP (Crl.) No. 7899-7900/2015 ds Hkh izdj.k esa ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks e`R;q naMkns’k fn;k x;k Fkk] blesa 7½ o”khZ;
ckfydk] tks fd ekufld :i ls fof{kIr gksdj ‘kkjhfjd :i ls Hkh
fodykax Fkh] mldk vigj.k djrs gq, ftl f?kukSus rjhds ls cykRdkj
fd;k x;k Fkk] mlds lkFk&lkFk vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkSj Hkh vkijkf/kd
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izdj.k iathc) Fks vkSj dkjkx`g esa jgus ds nkSjku gR;k djus ds Hkh vijk/k
dk vkjksih FkkA
28. bl izdkj mi;qZDr tks nksuksa fu.kZ; is’k fd, x, gSa] mudh
rF;&ifjfLFkfr;ka izLrqr izdj.k ls fHkUu gksuk izdV gksrh gSA tcfd
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh vksj ls izLrqr fu.kZ; State of
Rajasthan v. Sundar Alias Surendra Alias Santu, AIROnline
2023 RAJ 189 ds izdj.k esa Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks
e`R;q naMkns’k fn, tkus ij jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk mls vkthou
dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj mDr izdj.k esa Hkh vfHk;qDr
ij ,d 11 o”khZ; ukckfyx yM+dh dk cykRdkj vkSj gR;k dk vkjksi FkkA
28.1. blh izdkj ls ;ksX; vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr
ekuuh; mPPre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Bhaggi Alias Bhagirath Alias
Naran v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 2024 SC 938 esa Hkh
izdj.k esa ,d 07 o”khZ; ckfydk ds lkFk cykRdkj ds vkjksi esa tks e`R;q
naMkns’k fn;k x;k Fkk] mls 30 o”kZ ds dkjkokl dh ltk esa ifjofrZr fd;k
x;k FkkA
28.2. blh izdkj ls ;ksX; vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls gh izLrqr
fu.kZ; Rameshbhai Chandubhai Rathod v. State of Gujarat,
AIR 2011 SC 803 esa Hkh vfHk;qDr ds fo#) NksVh cPph ds lkFk
cykRdkj vkSj gR;k ds vijk/k dk vkjksi Fkk] ftlesa Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dks
vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;k FkkA
29. bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Bachan Singh
Versus State of Punjab Criminal Appeal Nos. 607-608 of
2017; (1982) 3 SCC 24 esa Hkh fn’kk funsZ’k fn, x, gSaA blh lanHkZ esa
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gh ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; Lehna vs. State of Haryana;
Appeal (crl.) 733 of 2001 a ds Hkh iSjk la[;k 21] 23 ,oa 29 esa Hkh
fuEu fn’kk funsZ’k nsrs gq, bl izdj.k esa tgka rhu gR;k,a dh xbZ Fkha] ml
fLFkfr esa e`R;q naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa cnyk x;k Fkk %&
“21. In Machhi Singh‘s case (supra), it was
observed:-
“The following questions may be asked and
answered as a test to determine the ‘Rarest
of the Rare’ case in which death sentence
can be inflicted:-
(a) Is there something uncommon about the
crime which renders sentence of
imprisonment for life inadequate and calls
for a death sentence?
(b) Are the circumstances of the crime such
that there is no alternative but to impose
death sentence even after according
maximum weightage to the mitigating
circumstances which speak in favour of the
offender?”
23. In Rarest of Rare cases when the collective
conscience of the community is so shocked, that it
will expect the holders of the judicial power center to
inflict death penalty irrespective of their personal
opinion as regards desirability or otherwise of
retaining death penalty, death sentence can be
awarded. The community may entertain such
sentiment in the following circumstances:-
(1) When the murder is committed in an
extremely brutal, grotesque, diabolical,
revolting, or dastardly manner so as to(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (92 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]arouse intense and extreme indignation of
the community.
(2) When the murder is committed for a
motive which evinces total depravity and
meanness; e.g. murder by hired assassin
for money or reward; or cold-blooded
murder for gains of a person vis-a-vis
whom the murderer is in a dominating
position or in a position of trust; or murder
is committed in the course for betrayal of
the motherland.
(3) When murder of a member of a
Scheduled Caste or minority community
etc., is committed not for personal reasons
but in circumstances which arouse social
wrath, or in cases of ‘bride burning’ or
‘dowry deaths’ or when murder is
committed in order to remarry for the sake
of extracting dowry once again or to marry
another woman on account of infatuation.
(4) When the crime is enormous is
proportion. For instance when multiple
murders, say of all or almost all the
members of a family or a large number of
persons of a particular caste, community,
or locality, are committed.
(5) When the victim of murder is an
innocent child, or a helpless woman or old
or infirm person or a person vis-a-vis whom
the murderer is in a dominating position, or
a public figure generally loved and
respected by the community.
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29. As the background facts go to show the genesis
of dispute between the accused and the other
members of his family was land. Accused seems to
have taken exception to his father taking away the
land from him. As the evidence indicates, he
considered his brother, sister-in-law to be
responsible for the same. It is also in evidence that
2-3 days before the occurrence, there was a bitter
quarrel between the accused and other members of
his family. Evidence of PW-7 is to the effect that
there used to be constant quarrel between PW-6,
deceased Jai Bhagwan, deceased Saroj on one hand
and the accused on the other, over ancestral land. It
is also in evidence that the deceased Jai Bhagwan
was not of moral character and PW-6 had forcibly
occupied the land of temple for which villagers had
set on fire a piece of their house. Though injuries on
accused person do not per se affect prosecution
version if reliable; when not explained it assumes
importance if they are serious in nature. The fact
that the injuries were sustained in the present case
by the accused is not disputed. In fact, PW-7 has
admitted that PW-6 had given a thorough thrashing
to the accused in the court-yard after assaults on the
three accused persons. As the medical evidence
indicates, the injuries sustained by the accused were
of very serious nature. It is true three lives have
been lost. But at the same time, the mental
condition of the accused which led to the assault
cannot be lost sight of. The same may not be
relevant to judge culpability. But is certainly a factor
while considering question of sentence. There is no
evidence of any diabolic planning to commit the
crime, though cruel was the act. Deprived of his
livelihood on account of the land being taken away,(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (94 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]the accused was, as the evidence shows, exhibiting
his displeasure, his resentment. Frequency of the
quarrels indicate lack of any sinister planning to take
away lives of the deceased. The factual scenario
gives impressions of impulsive act and not planned
assaults. In the peculiar background, death sentence
would not be proper. A sentence of imprisonment for
life will be more appropriate. The sentence is
accordingly modified, while confirming the conviction
for offence punishable under Section 302 IPC.”
30. blh izdkj ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Reji Kumar
Alias Reji Versus State of Kerala; 2025 LiveLaw (SC) 457 dsfu.kZ; esa Hkh vfHk;qDr ij viuh iRuh vkSj pkj cPpksa dh gR;k djus dk
vijk/k fl) gksus ij Hkh vfHk;qDr dks tks e`R;q naMkns’k fn;k x;k Fkk] mls
vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;k FkkA bl fu.kZ; ds Hkh iSjk la[;k
17 o 18 esa fuEu fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“17. Keeping in view the discussion made in
Ramesh A. Naika v. Registrar General, High
Court of Karnataka Etc. and considering the facts
that the convict-appellant had no prior antecedents;
good conduct for the past 16-17 years of
incarceration; difficulties in mental health and
consistent efforts at being a model prisoner, we find
that the imposition of death penalty would be
unjustified. He is, therefore, removed from death
row. However, considering the severity of the crime,
the number of persons killed, that out of five four
were his own children, we are of the view that he
does not deserve to be set free and direct that he
shall spend the remainder of his days in jail, till his
last breath, hoping to do acts of penance to atone(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (95 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]for the crimes he has committed and particularly for
the fact that he extinguished four bright flames.
18. The appeals are partly allowed accordingly. The
death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment till
the end of natural life. The appeal filed by the
convict-appellant is partly allowed.”
31. blh izdkj ls ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Lochan
Shrivas v. The State of Chhattisgarh; Criminal Appeal Nos.
499-500 of 2018, Decided on 14.12.2021 ds fu.kZ; esa Hkh ,d rhu
o”khZ; ckfydk ds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj gR;k ds ekeys esa Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dks
vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;k FkkA mDr fu.kZ; ds Hkh iSjk
la[;k 51 o 52 esa fuEu fLFkfr Li”V dh xbZ gS %&
“51. In view of the settled legal position, it is our
bounden duty to take into consideration the
probability of the accused being reformed and
rehabilitated. It is also our duty to take into
consideration not only the crime but also the
criminal, his state of mind and his socio-economic
conditions.
52. The appellant is a young person, who was 23
years old at the time of commission of the offence.
He comes from a rural background. The State has
not placed any evidence to show that there is no
possibility with respect to reformation and the
rehabilitation of the accused. The High Court as well
as the trial court also has not taken into
consideration this aspect of the matter. …”
32. blh izdkj dh fLFkfr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;
Irappa Siddappa Murgannavar v. State of Karnataka;
Criminal Appeal Nos. 1473-1474 of 2017, Decided on
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08.11.2021 esa Hkh Li”V gqbZ gS] ftlesa ,d 05 o”khZ; yM+dh ds lkFk
cykRdkj vkSj gR;k ds ekeys esa Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa
ifjofrZr fd;k x;k Fkk ,oa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds gh fu.kZ;
Pappu v. The State of Uttar Pradesh; Criminal Appeal Nos.
1097-1098 of 2018 esa ,d 07 o”kZ dh cPph ds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj
gR;k ds ekeys esa Hkh e`R;q naMkns’k dks vkthou dkjkokl esa ifjofrZr fd;k
x;k FkkA
33. bl izdkj vfHkys[k ij vkbZ mi;qZDr laiw.kZ fu.kZ;ksa esa
izfrikfnr fof/kd fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq,] bl izdj.k esa Hkh
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk fd;k x;k d`R; f?kukSuk Fkk] ysfdu dsoy blh
vk/kkj ij gh ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd ;g izdj.k nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk
(Rarest of Rare) dh Js.kh esa vkrk gksA bl izdj.k dh ifjfLFkfr;ka bl
izdkj dh ugha Fkh fd ftlls fd vijk/k fd, tkus dk rjhdk bruk
vlH;] Øwj] fod`r] iS’kkfpd] funZ;h] ‘kSrkuhHkjk vkSj ?k`.kkLin gks] ftlls
fd ekuork ‘keZlkj gqbZ gks vFkok vfHk;qDr }kjk og’khiu dh pje lhek,a
gh yka?k nh xbZ gksA bl izdkj tgka e`R;q naMkns’k fn;k tkrk gS] ogka
U;k;ky; dks fo’ks”k dkj.k Hkh nsus gksrs gSa vkSj blds fy, ;g crkuk Hkh
t:jh gksrk gS fd e`R;q naMkns’k gh ,dek= fodYi FkkA
34. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Manoj v. State of
Madhya Pradesh; (2023) 2 SCC 353 ,oa Aman Singh &
Anr. v. State of Bihar, 2026 INSC 424 esa tkjh fn’kk&funsZ’kksa ds
Øe esa izkIr Fkkukf/kdkjh] iqfyl Fkkuk iknwdyka] ftyk ukxkSj dh fjiksVZ ds
vuqlkj vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh ?kVuk ds le; mez 26 o”kZ vkSj orZeku esa
31 o”kZ crkbZ xbZ gS vkSj mldh ikfjokfjd i`”BHkwfe esa ,d HkkbZ o
ekrk&firk Hkh gSa vkSj mldh lkekftd&vkfFkZd i`”BHkwfe Hkh lkekU; crkrs
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (97 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
gq, mldk iwoZ dk dksbZ vkijkf/kd fjdkWMZ Hkh ugha gSA mi v/kh{kd] dsUnzh;
dkjkx`g] t;iqj ls Hkh izkIr fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr dh vk;q orZeku esa
25 o”kZ gS vkSj mldk dkjkx`g esa vkpj.k Hkh lanks”kizn crk;k x;k gSA ,slh
fLFkfr esa vfHkys[k ij ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha vkbZ gS fd vfHk;qDr dks e`R;q
naMkns’k fn;k tkuk gh ,dek= fodYi gksA bl izdkj ekuuh; mPpre
U;k;ky; }kjk mi;qZDr laiw.kZ fu.kZ;ksa esa fn, x, fu”d”kZ ,oa bl izdj.k esa
vfHkys[k ij vkbZ lk{; dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk
fd ;g izdj.k nqyZHkre ls nqyZHk (Rarest of Rare) dh Js.kh esa vkrk
gksA
35. vr% fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZ dh vijk/k
varxZRk /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa
ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds vijk/k esa nks”kflf) djus ds
i’pkr~ tks e`R;q naMkns’k ls nafMr fd;k x;k gS] mls vkthou dkjkokl
¼’ks”k izkd`frd thoudky rd½ esa ifjofrZr djrs gq, vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr
dh ‘ks”k vkjksfir vijk/kksa esa nks”kflf) ds i’pkr~ tks naMkns’k ikfjr fd;k
x;k gS] mldh iqf”V fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr ik;k tkrk gSA
36. ifj.kkeLo:i] vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g vihy
vkaf’kd :i ls Lohdkj djrs gq, fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vius
fu.kZ; fnukad 21-10-2021 esa vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDr fnus’k dh /kkjk 363] 342]
376,] 376,ch] 377] 376¼2½¼,u½] 302 o 201 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk
5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ds
vijk/kksa ds vkjksi esa tks nks”kflf) dh xbZ Fkh] mldh iqf”V djrs gq,
nks”kflf) ds i’pkr~ vius naMkns’k fnukad 22-10-2021 ds }kjk vijk/k
varxZr /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ,oa /kkjk 5(l)(m)(i)/6 ySafxd vijk/kksa
ls ckydksa dk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 esa tks e`R;qnaM fn;k Fkk] mls
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[2026:RJ-JP:34335-DB] (98 of 98) [MREF-2/2021]
vkthou dkjkokl ¼’ks”k izkd`frd thoudky rd½ esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk
gSA lkFk gh mDr izR;sd nksuksa vijk/kksa esa 50]000&50]000 #i;s ds vFkZnaM
ls Hkh nafMr fd;k tkrk gS] vne vnk;xh vFkZnM
a 6&6 ekg dk vfrfjDr
dkjkokl Hkqxrk tk,xkA ;g Hkh Li”V fd;k tkrk gS fd vihykFkhZ ltk esa
fdlh izdkj dh NwV (Remission) izkIr djus dk gdnkj ugha gksxkA
vU; ‘ks”k vijk/kksa esa nks”kflf) ds i’pkr~ nh xbZ ltk ,oa vU;
vkns’k ;Fkkor j[krs gq, bldh iqf”V dh tkrh gSA lHkh ltk,a lkFk&lkFk
pyasxhA blh vuq:i bl izdj.k esa izLrqr jsQjsal dk Hkh udkjkRed mRrj
(Negative Answer) fn;k tkrk gSA
37. bl fu.kZ; dh ,d izfr lfgr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk
vfHkys[k vfoyEc izsf”kr gksA
(CHANDRA SHEKHAR SHARMA),J (VINIT KUMAR MATHUR),J
136-137/Rajendra Kumawat/628
(Uploaded on 24/07/2026 at 03:40:24 PM)
(Downloaded on 24/07/2026 at 08:12:34 PM)
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